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Barriers to physical activity in older adults
No full textTitle: Barriers to Physical Activity in Older Adults Aim: The aim of my bachelor's thesis was to identify the most common barriers to physical activity among seniors. Additionally, the study sought to explore differences between various groups of seniors based on gender, age, education, or previous physical activity. Methods: A self-constructed questionnaire consisting of 30 questions was used. The research involved 422 respondents aged 65 and older, of whom 73.9% were women and 26.1% were men. The participants were exclusively independent individuals living in the community. The questionnaire was predominantly distributed electronically through communication platforms, and the seniors completed it independently. A smaller proportion of the respondents completed the questionnaire in the form of an interview in my presence. Results: The results of the survey showed that 94.8% of the surveyed seniors are physically active, which is significantly higher than in comparable studies. Physical activity was particularly more common among respondents with a university education (97.6%), while only 50% of seniors with vocational secondary education were physically active. The main barriers to physical activity included health condition (29.4%), fear of falling (26.8%), and a lack of people to exercise with..
Personalisation of Political Communication on Social Media Before the European Parliament Elections 2024: Did People or Issues Win?
No full textThis bachelor's thesis applies the concept of political personalisation to the 2024 European Parliament election campaign. It focuses on four candidates with the highest share of preferential votes relative to their party's total electoral gain - Filip Turek, Kateřina Konečná, Danuše Nerudová, and Klára Dostálová. The aim was to determine whether the candidates emphasised their personal image or political topics in their campaigns. The analysis also examined negative personalisation, i.e. whether the candidates' negative campaign was directed at opponents' personalities or their political programs. A quantitative content analysis of 907 candidates' posts on Facebook, Instagram, and X between May 1 and June 6, 2024, showed that Filip Turek and Danuše Nerudová focused more on personalisation, while Kateřina Konečná and Klára Dostálová prioritised political issues. The main finding is that in the case of these candidates and elections, a higher degree of personalisation did not guarantee electoral success. Political topics remained important, particularly when logically linked to the candidate's personality. The ability to clearly articulate political arguments was also important, as highlighting the impact of policies on voters' lives proved more effective in this election than moralising appeals...
Fog - causes of its occurrence and its impacts on ecosystems
No full textThe aim of this literature-based bachelor's thesis is to clearly summarize the importance of fog for various ecosystems using appropriately formulated research questions, and to identify the main long-term factors influencing fog occurrence. The thesis defines fog, analyzes its chemical and other properties, presents different types of fog, and describes the various processes by which fog forms. The basic types of fog introduced include radiation fog, advection fog, advection-radiation fog, and frontal fog. These are further divided into subtypes. The thesis also explains the crucial phenomenon of atmospheric deposition, including the factors that influence it. A separate chapter is dedicated to the significance and impact of climate change and the presence of condensation nuclei, as these are two key factors that significantly affect the occurrence of fog. Part of the thesis addresses the functions of fog, which are diverse. Fog impacts the environment primarily as a source of water, nutrients, or pollutants. It also influences the radiation balance at various scales. Certain sections describe the functions of fog related to human society, including definitions of light availability and visibility, which affect all forms of transport. Fog harvesting as a source of drinking water is also discussed,..
The Transformation of Economic Practices among the Karen people in Thailand
No full textThe bachelor thesis explores the economic practices associated with agriculture among the Karen people, specifically Pga k'Nyau living in Thailand. The central focus of the thesis is the transformation and development of economic practicies within this group. Based on unstructured and semi-structured interviews conducted during field research, a turning point was identified: the visit of the Thai king to the minority and the subsequent establishment of the Royal Project. This event formed the basis for the main research question - namely, what impact the Royal Project had on the economy of the Karen people. Through a discourse analysis of the collected data, the thesis was able to identify several influences, which are presented in the conclusion. Additionally, the thesis offers a discussion of its findings and proposes several questions that could serve as a foundation for potential future research. Key words: Karen people, Pga k'Nyau , Thailand, economic anthropology, Royal Projec
Separation of fatigue crack closure mechanisms
No full textThe presented doctoral thesis focuses on the mechanisms causing premature crack closure of crack faces and their separation. The phenomenon of premature fatigue crack closure significantly influences the estimation of residual fatigue life of considered structure and its components. The dissertation deals in detail with the determination of plasticity induced crack closure (PICC) using the finite element method and the strip-yield model, even under variable load amplitudes, where crack growth slows down or accelerates. It also presents a new approach to determining premature crack closure caused by the roughness of fracture surfaces (RICC) and the presence of an oxide layer (OICC). By separating the individual mechanisms of fatigue crack closure, the final part of the dissertation proposes a new methodology for determining residual fatigue life with consideration of the interaction effects and their comparison with experimentally obtained data
Film representations of the Napoleonic Wars and their use in history education
No full textThe bachelor's thesis focuses on the topic of the Napoleonic Wars in the context of teaching history at primary and secondary schools. It explores the possibilities of using film clips related to this topic, while applying activation methods derived from theories of historical thinking (Peter Seixas and Tom Morton, 2013). Firstly, an analysis of curricular documents (RVP ZV) and selected history textbooks for primary schools, including workbooks, will be carried out with the aim of describing the state of teaching the Napoleonic Wars from the perspective of normative documents. For correction, the thesis will offer a comparison of Czech materials with selected examples of foreign approaches to the topic in school textbooks. When analysing the RVP and textbooks, the thesis is inspired by didactic approaches used in the analysis of textbooks (Zdeněk Beneš, 2009, Dagmar Hudecová or Dušan Klapko, 2006). In the following part, the work will focus on the depiction of Napoleon and the Napoleonic Wars in film, drawing on approaches applied in foreign (Robert Rosenstone, 2017) and domestic historiography (Film and History edition). The key topic of this section is the possible application of selected films to history education. The work will use approaches developed in Czech history didactics (Kamil Činátl..
Parareal method for the numerical solution of initial value problems
No full textIn this thesis we consider a nonlinear time-dependent heat equation, from which we derive a system of ordinary differential equations using the finite element method. We focus on the parallel parareal method for this system of equations. The implicit Euler method is used to discretize the ODR system and the iterative Kachanov method is used to solve the corresponding nonlinear system of algebraic equations. Special attention is paid to the adaptive choice of the time step. We then solve the concrete problem in the Fortran language and focus on the convergence of the parallel solution to the fine computed solution. We also observe the theoretical parallel acceleration in terms of the time steps performed.
The Theme of Journey in Ludvík Aškenazy's Authorial Fairy Tale
No full textThis bachelor thesis deals with the theme of journey in two fairy tales by Ludvík Aškenazy (1921-1986) - Putování za švestkovou vůní and Cestopis s jezevčíkem. First, it presents the fairy tale as a literary genre with a focus on the specifics of the author's fairy tale. It then introduces the life and work of Ludvík Aškenazy and analyses the content and contemporary reception of both works under study. The focus of the thesis lies in the analysis of various aspects of the theme of the journey in literature, using the example of Aškenazy's fairy tales. The aim of the thesis is to show how Ashkenazy thematises deeper existential and interpersonal issues through the journey, and how in this way his tales go beyond the traditional understanding of the genre
Rather a reader than the author: Imagination and its bounds in the work of Soren Kierkegaard
No full text(in English) This work explores the phenomenon of projection and its role in gaining self-knowledge in the work of Soren Kierkegaard. It does so by articulating the ontological presuppositions of projection and tracing its origin to the faculty of imagination. These foundations serve to understand the method of Kierkegaard within the context of projection, and as such, the role projection plays in attaining self-knowledge, and wherein lie the limits of human contribution in this process, beyond which divine intervention becomes necessary. As the treatment of this topic in secondary literature is sparse, the work proceeds mainly by reconstructing Kierkegaard's understanding of this issue. This is done by comparing the various fragmentary treatments relating to the issue, presented in a wide range of Kierkegaard's works. The thesis finds that in his works Kierkegaard integrates and further develops a "naturally" occurring phenomenon of projection that has as its goal the growth of consciousness, and that this phenomenon is both guided and finalized by God