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Crime and Honour: An Excursion into Female Criminality in Early Modern Upper Hungary
No full textThis thesis examines female criminality in Early Modern Upper Hungary within the legal, social, and cultural context that shaped women's status and the perception of their offences. It focuses on cases of marital desertion, fornication, adultery, rape, and infanticide, asking to what extent these acts were the result of desperate life circumstances and gender inequality embedded in the legal system and contemporary discourse. The analysis draws on contemporary legal sources, selected archival cases, and relevant secondary literature, combining approaches from legal history, gender studies, and social history. The study demonstrates that women were subjected to strict moral and legal control, with the consequences often extending to their families. The final part traces changes in penal practice from the Enlightenment, when a gradual shift in thinking about moral offences and the role of women in criminal law began, through to the modern era
Logit Models and Their Applications in the Banking Sector
No full textThis thesis deals with regression models for categorical dependent variables and parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood method. The main focus is on the binary logistic model and its diagnostics, including parameter significance tests (Wald test, likelihood ratio test) and model fit assessment methods (Pearson residuals, ROC curve, AUC). Basic concepts of the multinomial model are also briefly introduced. In the practical part, the theoretical methods are applied to a large banking dataset. Using the Weight of Evidence transformation, a binary scoring model for classifying risky clients was built and its stability assessed. Finally, the multinomial model is compared with the binary approach and the validity of its assumptions and limitations is discussed
Efficiency of an Alternative Investment Market: The Pokémon TCG
No full textThis study examines the efficiency of the Pokémon Trading Card Game (TCG) market from both time series and cross-sectional perspectives. Despite the rapid growth of the TCG collectible market, research into its efficiency remains limited. To address this gap, the study investigates two core hypotheses: (1) that the prices of frequently traded Pokémon cards do not follow a random walk, and (2) that the pricing of Pokémon booster packs is not determined solely by Expected Value (EV), but also by other non-rational factors. Time series analyses of weekly and monthly card prices suggest that the market may be more efficient than expected, especially in the long term. The weekly data reveals prevalently highly significant autocorrelation in returns, indicating inefficiency at this level, while the monthly data shows significantly weaker autocorrelation. These observations are supported by two constructed Efficiency Indices, highlighting a clear improvement in efficiency from weekly to monthly data. In the cross-sectional analysis, while EV and set age explain most of the variation in booster prices, the average price of the top five most expensive cards in the set also plays a significant role - suggesting signs of overconfidence, risk-seeking, or gambling behavior. These results suggest that the..
Tweedie distributions
No full textTitle: Tweedie distributions Author: Jan Richter Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Lucie Mazurová, Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathe- matical Statistics Abstract: This thesis focuses on modeling insurance data using the Tweedie distribution. The theoretical part explains its derivation from the exponential dispersion family and introduces related concepts such as the cumulant genera- ting function, variance function, and power parameter. Furthermore, special cases of the Tweedie distribution are derived, particularly those with potential appli- cations in insurance modeling. The practical part of the thesis is devoted to a simulation study aimed at verifying the correctness of the parameter estimation procedures. Keywords: Tweedie distribution, cumulant generating function, variance function, power parametr, rating classe
Behavioral effects of elevated function of parvalbumin interneurons by excitatory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDS) and its relevance to schizophrenia
No full textSchizophrenia is a multifactorial disease with unclear etiology. There are many hypotheses about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. These hypotheses relate to dysfunction of neurotransmitter systems, environmental factors, early developmental factors or genetic predispositions candidate genese involved in schizophrenia. Significant could be the parvalbumin hypothesis of schizophrenia. Parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs) generate gamma oscillations and affect working memory and cognitive functions. Patients with schizophrenia have increased spontaneous gamma oscillations. This is consistent with recent studies that points to the PVIs hypothesis. In this thesis, a new model of schizophrenia based on the PVIs hypothesis was tested. There was investigated the influence of induced up-regulated excitability of parvalbumin interneurons in the mouse brain on behavioral effects. It was used the DREADDs chemogenetic method on PV-Cre transgenic mice. First, PV-Cre mice were intrajugularly transfected with pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry PHPeB viral constructs that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Four weeks after transfection, expression of activating muscarinic receptors hM3Dq was achieved on parvalbumin interneurons throughout the brain. This was followed by experimental testing of the schizophrenic..
France and EU Policy in the Indo-Pacific: Leadership, Complementarity, Rivalry and Parallelism
No full textThis thesis examines France's Indo-Pacific policy in the period 2017-2024. It focuses on how this policy is projected onto the European level and the role France played in shaping the EU's Indo-Pacific strategy. In this regard, the thesis serves as a case study of Europeanization, specifically uploading. The text seeks to answer the question of whether France is able to effectively use the EU as a tool for achieving the objectives of its Indo-Pacific strategy through its key influence in the formulation of European policy in the region. For this purpose, the motivations behind the French strategy are described and the strategy itself i salso analyzed. The process of drafting the EU Indo-Pacific strategy is tracked, as well as the initiatives following its adoption that have significant implications for it, such as the Global Gateway. The Indo-Pacific strategies of those member states that developed them during the examined period are analyzed, and their impacts on the European Indo-Pacific strategy are identified. In parallel, the Europeanization processes related to these concepts are observed. Lastly, attention is paid to strategic partners in the region and the deepening relationships between them and France or the EU. This section also analyzes the influence of the United States on the..
Neologisms in Czech Sign Language
No full textThis master's thesis focuses on neologisms in Czech Sign Language (ČZJ), specifically within the thematic area of technology, internet, and media. The aim was to define the concept of neologisms in the context of sign languages and to describe the mechanisms of creating new signs. The work is based on theoretical foundations of linguistics of spoken and sign languages and develops the concept of neologism as a dynamic linguistic unit between parole and langue. Based on elicitation with native ČZJ speakers and a subsequent focus group 118 sign variants for 32 expressions were collected. These signs were analyzed according to a system of mechanisms for expanding the sign lexicon, derived from studies on ČZJ, neologisms in Czech, and sign languages in general. The most frequently recorded mechanism was internal sign formation (50 %), followed by external mechanisms (37 %), and then depicting (8 %) and ad novo mechanisms (5 %)
Compensation of damages in the context of concerns
No full text1 Abstract This master thesis focuses on the institute of compensation of damages within a group of companies, which represents a key instrument of modern concern law, allowing a certain level of entrepreneurial freedom of the managing person while maintaining protection for the subsidiary. The starting point of the thesis is the provision of Section 72 of the Business Corporations Act, which allows the enforcement of the group's interests at the expense of the individual interests of the subsidiary, to which damage is caused in this context, provided that such damage is compensated in accordance with statutory conditions. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question under what conditions such damages can be considered genuinely compensated. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part defines the basic concepts and legal framework, taking into account the development of the legislation. The second part forms the core of the thesis and analyses the individual conditions of compensation for damages, which are the time aspect, the entity entitled to compensate the damages, and the form of compensation. Particular attention is focused on the report on relations among related entities, which serves as a key instrument of transparency and control within the group, as well as the concept of the..
Laryngeal papillomatosis and low-risk papillomaviruses
No full textLaryngeal papillomatosis is a rare disease caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV), most commonly low-risk types 6 and 11. It is characterized by the formation of exophytic lesions in the larynx and other parts of the respiratory tract, which may lead to voice disorders, breathing difficulties, and the need for repeated surgical interventions. The disease is notable for its high recurrence rate and considerable variability in clinical course. This thesis summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of laryngeal papillomatosis, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of HPV infection, risk factors, and host immune response. Particular attention is given to defects in both innate and adaptive immunity that contribute to infection persistence and disease development. The work also includes an overview of therapeutic options. Keywords: laryngeal papillomatosis, human papillomavirus, immune response, vaccination, treatmen
ULF waves/fluctuations in the foreshock: Statistical approach
No full textTitle: ULF waves/fluctuations in the foreshock: Statistical approach Author: Anna Mita Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jana Šafránková, DrSc., Department of Surface and Plasma Science Abstract: The thesis deals with ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave activity in the terrestrial foreshock, a turbulent region upstream of the bow shock that plays a crucial role in the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. In the thesis, we analyze some aspects of the behavior of ULF waves/fluctuations of the magnetic field, using a statistical point of view. We focused (i) on the boundary between the pure solar wind and wave activity region represented by enhanced ULF fluctuations, and on the changes of the boundary position with solar wind conditions and interplanetary magnetic field orientation; and (ii) on growth rates of foreshock ULF fluctuations at different distances from the bow shock with a special highlight on a region close to the Moon. In both statistical studies, we use THEMIS/ARTEMIS data and describe the behavior of fluctuations by the standard deviations in the ULF range of 0.0017-0.17 Hz. We present a novel coordinate system, determine so-called "foreshock ULF boundary" and report its realistic shape that is consistent with the theory of the foreshock..