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Criminal offence of damaging the financial interests of the European Union
No full text[Criminal offence of damaging the financial interests of the European Union] Abstract Protection of the financial interests of the European Union is a key to ensuring transparent and efficient management of EU funds. In addition to the historical context of the development of EU criminal law, the thesis includes a short introduction to the history of the development of criminal law from the Maastricht Treaty to the Lisbon Treaty, an analysis of the most important EU documents, led by the Directive on the fight against fraud against the financial interests of the EU and Article 325 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, all in the context of the protection of the financial interests of the EU. The thesis also deals with the offence of damaging the financial interests of the EU, regulated by Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the Czech Republic. It describes its facts, object and subjective aspects, and analyses the related case law of the Czech courts. A key aspect of this crime is the question of determining the damage, its amount and the impact on legal sanctions. In this context, the Czech case law is analysed, in particular the decisions of the Supreme Court, which have an impact on the assessment of criminal liability and the imposition of sanctions. It also mentions the most important..
The importance of VO2max as a predictor of endurance in combat sports.
No full textTitle: The Significance of VO2max as a Predictor of Performance in Combat Sports Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to examine the role of aerobic capacity (VO2max) as a predictor of athletic performance in combat sports. Methods: This study is designed as a narrative literature review. A qualitative synthesis was conducted on 16 peer-reviewed articles published between 2009 and 2024, selected from the PubMed and MDPI databases based on predefined inclusion criteria. To expand the literature search, the visualization tool ResearchRabbit was also used. The analysis focused on testing protocols (laboratory vs. field), the relationship between VO2max and performance, and practical implications. Results: The findings indicate a higher predictive value of VO2max in striking disciplines and MMA, where it also correlates with technical-tactical performance. In contrast, its role in grappling sports appears to be less significant. The study highlights methodological inconsistencies, insufficient use of sport-specific tests, and recommends standardizing protocols, including athlete performance levels, and directly assessing the relationship between VO2max and competitive outcomes as key directions for future research
Women in local politics: The voice of female mayors in Slovakia
No full textThis bachelor thesis examines the representation of women in mayoral positions in Slovakia. The position of mayor is often perceived as a bridge to higher politics and as the beginning of a political career. Despite this, the representation of women in this position in Slovakia is only in small numbers. This fact points to the presence of gender inequality in municipal politics and raises the question of what obstacles women face on this path to a political career. Despite the fact that the topic of gender inequality is more and more present in the social discourse, most of the research in municipal politics in Slovakia does not address this issue. The aim of this paper is to enrich the current academic literature and provide a basis and motivation for further research in this area. It also contributes to the theoretical and practical study of discourse in society. It also produces a series of experiences found among women and identifies the barriers , which affect the success of women in municipal politics. The work provides an important basis of information for political parties seeking to improve the representation of women in politics and also in the development of policies and programmes to support women at the local level
Measuring the musicality of rhythmic gymnasts at age 9-12 years
No full textTitle: Measuring the musicality of rhythmic gymnasts at age 9-12 years Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the current level of musicality of selected rhythmic gymnasts aged 9-12 years. Methods: In this study, quantitative methods were used to analyze data focused on the evaluation of rhythmic perception and rhythmic adaptability of gymnasts aged 9-12 years. The results were processed using the basic mathematical-statistical indicators (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, variance), which allowed to describe and compare the performances of the studied groups. A supplementary tool was a questionnaire focused on the musical practice of the gymnasts. The results were subsequently processed and described. Results: It was found that the current levels of the selected rhythmic gymnasts is not optimal - most gymnasts were not so successful in any of the tests, with the exception of a few gymnasts. Rhythmic perception was found to be weaker than rhythmic adaptation, which may indicate to us that the gymnasts have only a limited musical-motor foundation acquired during training. The musical accompaniment, bar 4/4, for rhythmic gymnastics proved to be very appropriate and well recognized. Keywords: Music, rhythmic gymnastics, younger school age, pubescence, rhyth
The use of mental training by CrossFit athletes
No full textThe bachelor thesis "The use of mental training by CrossFit athletes" deals with a quantitative analysis of the level of mental skills among Czech CrossFit athletes and the use of mental training techniques. From a theoretical perspective, it covers the topic of sports psychology, its history, definition, and division. Furthermore, it focuses on the mental skills of the athlete, mental preparation in sport, and its methods, where selected ones are described in detail. The second thematic unit of the theoretical part is the specification of CrossFit through its history, description of training, and interconnection with the first unit. Selected methods and techniques of mental training are also described. Using a standardized questionnaire, data is obtained on the level of mental skills and the use of mental techniques, all of which fall into an average rating. Significant gender difference was found in performance and basic skills. No correlation was found for age with any dimension. The number of years of experience positively correlated with the number of hours of general training per week and mental training per week
Eating attitudes and risk behaviour related to eating disorders in dancing-school students (intervention study)
No full textObjectives: The primary aim of this bachelor's thesis was to examine the prevalence of risky behaviours and attitudes associated with eating disorders among young female dancers aged 11-14 years. Secondary objectives included evaluating the impact of external factors, such as parents, friends, dance teachers, and social media, on body perception and eating habits, implementing an intervention workshop focused on fostering a healthy body image and relationship with food among dancers, and assessing the immediate effect of a one-time educational intervention on dancers' attitudes through a questionnaire survey. Methodology: The research sample consisted of 23 female dancers from the InDance Dance School, selected from the PopBalet group. Each participant was required to submit informed consent signed by their parents before being included in the study. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys, with the first questionnaire addressing the prevalence of risky attitudes and behaviours, while the second assessed the immediate impact of the intervention workshop. Results: Findings indicate that more than half of the dancers exhibit certain risky attitudes towards eating and body perception, with meal skipping and calorie monitoring being the most common concerns. However, more severe forms of risk..
Analysis of training aspects when moving from the mini-volleyball category to the student category
No full textThis bachelor thesis focuses on the transition of young volleyball players from the category of minivolleyball to the youth category, with particular attention to the training aspects that influence this process. The aim of the thesis was to identify key factors within the training process that facilitate a smooth adaptation of players to a more performance-oriented environment. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical section addresses the characteristics of volleyball and minivolleyball, developmental specifics of children in younger school age, principles of sports training, and the role of the coach. The practical part is based on quantitative research conducted through an online questionnaire survey among volleyball coaches in the Czech Republic. The results show that coaches consider individual skill development, movement versatility, and regular gameplay to be the most important elements of preparation. At the same time, it was found that although minitournaments (minitours) are perceived as a significant part of training, players often participate in them less than ten times a year. The thesis provides practical recommendations for coaching practice that may contribute to a more effective training transition between categories. Keywords: minivolleyball,..
Garsia-Rodemich-Rumsey inequality and its applications
No full textThis thesis is devoted to the so-called Garsia-Rodemich-Rumsey inequality and two of its selected applications, namely Kolmogorov's theorem and the continuous embedding of the Sobolev-Slobodeckij space into a Hölder space. The first chapter presents both the statement of this inequality and its proof. The second chapter then discusses two of its applications which are used to answer one of the fundamental questions in the theory of stochastic processes: under what conditions almost all sample paths of the stochastic process are continuous
Actio popularis in environmental law
No full text224 Actio popularis in environmental law Abstract The thesis deals with the institute of actio popularis, which has not yet found its application in the legal system of the Czech Republic. Despite the fact that the Czech Republic is a signatory to the Aarhus Convention, through which it has committed itself to the most open approach to legal protection of the environment with public participation, the current legislation is moving in the opposite direction and increasingly restricts the involvement of the environmental public in administrative procedures. The aim of this thesis is therefore to examine the institute of actio popularis in the context of the current legislation in order to answer the question whether actio popularis could find its application in the Czech legal environment. Methodologically, the thesis is based on an analysis and critical evaluation of the current legislation, the decision-making practice of the Czech courts and on a comparative analysis of the approaches of those EU Member States which have either introduced actio popularis in some form or which apply the approach of broad public participation. The findings were then evaluated using the synthesis method and supplemented with the practical experience of environmental associations and initiatives, as well as the author's own..