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Friluftsliv och naturturism i kommunal fysisk planering
No full textDenna avhandling syftar till att belysa hur friluftsliv och naturturism
hanteras i den kommunala fysiska planeringen. Detta diskuteras i relation till
myndigheters uttalade policys där vikten av friluftsliv framhålls och
allmänhetens attityder till friluftsliv. Syftet är också att föra en diskussion
om hur kommunal fysisk planering kan fungera som verktyg för att främja
friluftslivets intresse i markanvändningsfrågor. Undersökningen har skett genom
enkäter, intervjuer, studier av lagstiftning och myndighetsdokument samt
studier av planeringsdokument, främst översiktliga planer, i 11 kommuner som
ingår i de tre fallstudieområdena Järvafältet utanför Stockholm, Blekinge
skärgård och kustzon och Söderåsen i Skåne.
Vid första anblicken kan det framstå som om friluftsliv har ett starkt skydd i
den kommunala fysiska planeringen. Det omnämns i Plan- och bygglagen (PBL) som
allmänt intresse och i Miljöbalken (MB) som riksintressen och som ett av
strandskyddets två syften. Planeringslagstiftningens process- och
ramlagskaraktär ger dock flertalet tolkningsbara formuleringar i lagtexten
samtidigt som begreppet allmänt intresse är mångtydigt. Både PBL och
strandskyddet har också nyligen ändrats så att det i flera frågor ännu inte
hunnit etableras någon rättspraxis för tolkning och tillämpning.
En av den kommunala fysiska planeringens viktigaste uppgifter är att i
markanvändningsfrågor avväga mellan olika allmänna och enskilda intressen.
Resultat visar att friluftslivets och naturturismens ställning i kommunal
planering varierar mellan kommuner men också mellan planeringsnivåer. En
betydande majoritet av kommunerna använder friluftsliv och naturturism i sin
marknadsföring. Avvägningsbeslut i markanvändningsfrågor som utfaller till
friluftslivets nackdel kan dock ofta motiveras av att ”det finns så mycket
grönt” och att friluftsliv därmed bedöms kunna ske någon annanstans än där man
vill exploatera. Här kan allemansrätten vara en viktig faktor för denna
tolkning. I planeringsdokument förekommer också ofta den rådande
planeringsdoktrinen om den täta staden i kombination med hållbarhetsargument.
Detta kan ytterligare verka för exploatering av urbana grönytor.
Det finns ett behov av fysisk planering som säkerställer mark för friluftsliv.
Resultat från den nationella enkätundersökningen Friluftsliv 07 visar att
människor värderar rekreationsnatur högt, många till och med så högt att det
påverkar deras val av bostadsort. Cirka en sjättedel uppger dock att de saknar
lämpliga områden för friluftsliv. Respondenterna anser även att kommunerna
behöver bli bättre på att skydda tysta områden. Planeringen behöver också visa
en bättre beredskap inför klimatförändringarnas konsekvenser för friluftsliv
eftersom många respondenter uttrycker en oro över negativa konsekvenser av ett
förändrat klimat men endast cirka var fjärde kommun uppmärksammar detta i den
översiktliga planeringen.
Huvudhandledare har varit professor Lars Emmelin, Fysisk planering, Blekinge
Tekniska Högskola och biträdande handledare professor Klas Sandell, Geografi
och turism, Karlstad Universitet. Doktorsavhandlingen togs fram inom ramen för
forskningsprojektet Planering för friluftsliv vid Fysisk Planering, Blekinge
Tekniska Högskola, Karlskrona. Projektet utgjorde ett av sju delprojekt i det
nationella och mångdisciplinära forskningsprogrammet Friluftsliv i Förändring
som letts av professor Peter Fredman, Mittuniversitetet och som finansierats av
Naturvårdsverket
Multi-Agent-Based Simulation for Analysis of Transport Policy and Infrastructure Measures
No full textIn this paper we elaborate on the usage of multi-agent-based simulation (MABS)
for quantitative impact assessment of transport policy and infrastructure
measures. We provide a general discussion on how to use MABS for freight
transport analysis, focusing on issues related to input data management,
validation and verification, calibration, output data analysis, and
generalization of results. The discussion is built around an agent-based
transport chain simulation tool called TAPAS (Transportation And Production
Agent-based Simulator) and a simulation study concerning a transport chain
around the Southern Baltic Sea
On the Quality of Delivery for Variable Bit Rate Video
No full textSeveral factors affect the perceived quality of a video streamed over a
network. Technical aspects related to the codec and the video play an important
role besides the delivery of the video content in a timely and error-free
manner. If the streamed video frames do not arrive in time, temporal artifacts
may become observable during the video playback. This has potentially an
adverse effect on the user experience. The study of temporal artifacts during
the video playback is the area of concern for Quality of Delivery.
The licentiate work investigates the Quality of Delivery for Variable Bit Rate
video sent over wireless technologies. The ability of the network to deliver
data to the video’s jitter buffer before its playout deadline is studied.
Jitter buffer exhaustions are of particular interest as they tell something
about the Quality of Delivery. A number of experiments are conducted where a
set of videos with different bit-rates are streamed to a mobile device over a
wireless LAN and a W-CDMA network. The video streams are recorded and analyzed
based on specific Quality of Service parameters and are related to the states
of the jitter buffer. The statistical tools Support Vector Machines and the
Mahalanobis distance are applied to the parameters to obtain a model that can
classify the jitter buffer states. The performance evaluation indicates that
the Mahalanobis
distance can classify the jitter buffer state marginally better than the
Support Vector Machines. However, the Support Vector Machines can produce more
reliable predictions compared to the Mahalanobis distance. It is also observed
that the perceived Quality of Delivery is not only affected by the behavior of
the wireless networks but also by the behavior of the streaming server.
Finally, the ability of the Quality of Service parameters to describe the
Quality of Delivery is studied. The results indicate that metrics based on the
packet arrival-rate and packet inter-arrival time are most suitable in this
particular case
A Cloud Computing Solution for Sharing Healthcare Information
No full textIn recent years, sharing healthcare information becomes one of essential
requirements of e-health development. To cover this gap, different
solutions are presented through different technologies. In this paper, we
proposed a cloud computing solution for sharing healthcare information
based on Google App Engine (GAE). With the experiment test results, we
achieve interoperability among different healthcare centers and between
healthcare providers and receivers with high stability and availability
Method for quantitative valuation of road freight transport telematic services
No full textThis study describes transport telematic services (TTSs) for road-based heavy
goods vehicle (HGV) transport and suggests a method for assessing the societal
value of different TTSs. For decision making related to the selection of
services to promote by potential investors, for example, governmental
organisations and service providers, quantified service value can simplify the
decision process by enabling comparison between TTSs. Moreover, these values
can serve as inputs to quantitative analysis of service architectural system
designs. The authors suggest a method for assessing the societal values of TTSs
using potential saving indicators (PSIs), estimated in the context of Swedish
HGV freight transport. To illustrate the proposed method, 32 services are
analysed, and their societal values were quantified and compared for the
Swedish HGV market. Results based on estimated values of PSIs and potential
percentage savings indicate the following HGV-based TTSs to be of high societal
potential: transport resource optimisation, dynamic traffic information,
navigation, road hindrance warning, theft alarm and recovery, accident warning
information, intelligent speed adaptation, eCall, en-route driver information,
transport order handling, road user charging and sensitive goods monitoring
Radiation processes in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151
No full textAims. The main aim of this work was to investigate if the radiative process
photoexcitation by accidental resonance (PAR) is producing Fe II lines in the
UV region of NGC 4151. At the same time I searched for collisionally excited Fe
II emission. While doing so, the broad line region (BLR), intermediate line
region (ILR) and narrow line region (NLR) contributions to the Mg II resonance
doublet were also investigated.
Methods. The focus was on the 2000 to 3000 Å wavelength region, in which decay
from both the collisionally and PAR excited Fe II levels would form emission
lines. I examined three archived Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS)
spectra of NGC 4151. Theoretical spectra based on calculated ranges for
possible fluxes of the collisionally excited lines and pumping rates through
the Fe II channels were then fitted to the observed spectra
Results. I show that the UV region is influenced by PAR and that the Fe II
fluorescence lines are clearly needed to explain the spectrum between 2000 to
3000 Å. The best fit of the theoretical spectra to the STIS spectra was
obtained by assuming a similar radiation power of Fe+ ions and Mg+ ions.
Conclusions. The PAR is active in the BLR of NGC 4151 and the total power of
the Fe II fluorescence is a significant fraction of the total emission in the
2000 to 3000 wavelength region. Therefore it is important to incorporate this
in models of NGC 4151 and possibly also in models of other active galactic
nuclei. There are also many collisionally excited Fe II lines that are blended
by each other and are therefore not individually observable in the NGC 4151
spectra
Teaching Software Modeling in Computing Curricula
No full textModeling is a key skill in software development. The ability
to develop, manipulate and understand models for software
is therefore an important learning objective in many CS/SE
courses. In this working group, we investigated how and
when (software) modeling is taught to help us better understand
the key issues in teaching (software) modeling. Several
shortcomings were found in common curricula, both in their
understanding of the term "modeling" and in how they address
its teaching. This WG report summarizes the findings
and formulates recommendations on the inclusion of software
modeling courses in future CS/SE curricula
Content dependency of the traffic control in the darwin streaming server
No full textThe Darwin Streaming Server employs stream thinning and transmission rate
adaptation for traffic and congestion control. We investigate the relation of
video content with the stream thinning and transmission rate adaptation process
under 3GPP-adaptation. We observe that stream thinning is not only initiated
upon fluctuation of network properties, but sometimes also upon the content of
the streamed video. Moreover, we show
that in extreme situations the video transmission is halted based merely on
content dependent properties reflected in the RTSP feedback. This may have
adverse consequences for the user experience. We put forward alterations to the
3GPP-adaptation traffic control of the Darwin Streaming Server that controls the
stream thinning process. The alterations aim to avoid video
freezes as a result of video content dependent properties. The results show
that the probability of an interrupt-free playback is lower for the alterations
than for the default streaming server algorithms
Direction of Arrival Estimation and Localization of Multiple Speech Sources in Enclosed Environments
No full textSpeech communication is gaining in popularity in many different contexts as
technology evolves. With the introduction of mobile electronic devices such as
cell phones and laptops, and fixed electronic devices such as video and
teleconferencing systems, more people are communicating which leads to an
increasing demand for new services and better speech quality. Methods to
enhance speech recorded by microphones often operate blindly without prior
knowledge of the signals. With the addition of multiple microphones to allow
for spatial filtering, many blind speech enhancement methods have to operate
blindly also in the spatial domain. When attempting to improve the quality of
spoken communication it is often necessary to be able to reliably determine the
location of the speakers. A dedicated source localization method on top of the
speech enhancement methods can assist the speech enhancement method by
providing the spatial information about the sources.
This thesis addresses the problem of speech-source localization, with a focus
on the problem of localization in the presence of multiple concurrent speech
sources. The primary work consists of methods to estimate the direction of
arrival of multiple concurrent speech sources from an array of sensors and a
method to correct the ambiguities when estimating the spatial locations of
multiple speech sources from multiple arrays of sensors. The thesis also
improves the well-known SRP-based methods with higher-order statistics, and
presents an analysis of how the SRP-PHAT performs when the sensor array
geometry is not fully calibrated. The thesis is concluded by two
envelope-domain-based methods for tonal pattern detection and tonal disturbance
detection and cancelation which can be useful to further increase the usability
of the proposed localization methods.
The main contribution of the thesis is a complete methodology to spatially
locate multiple speech sources in enclosed environments. New methods and
improvements to the combined solution are presented for the
direction-of-arrival estimation, the location estimation and the location
ambiguity correction, as well as a sensor array calibration sensitivity
analysis
Is it possible to open beverage packages virtually? Physical tests in combination with virtual tests in Abaqus.
No full textThe opening mechanism in a beverage package, where a mixed mode failure occurs,
is a rather complex phenomenon. A better knowledge in respect of fracture
mechanics is needed for the proactive prediction of the overall opening
performance. Reliable material data used for virtual simulation of the opening
mechanism is extracted by characterization and calibration of the packaging
materials. Knowledge of how to choose appropriate constitutive models for the
continuum material and how the damage initiates and propagates to various
loading conditions is of great interest. The virtual tests, replicating the
physical tests, are performed with the aid of the finite element method.
Non-linear material response, anisotropic material behaviour, large deformation
and fracture mechanics are identified effects that are all included in the
virtual model. The results presented in this paper show possible selections of
material models in conjunction with material damage models, adequately
describing thin polymer films behaviour. Comparison between the physical test
and the virtual test, exerted to fracture Mode I – Centre Cracked Tension,
showed a good correlation for the chosen modeling technique