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The Myth of Aufheben
Get PDFMatthieu Renault argues in a recent issue of Radical Philosophy (RP 2.10, Summer 2021) that justifications for the counter-violence of the oppressed which draw on Hegel’s master-slave relation are based on a myth originating from Kojève’s Paris lectures (1933-9). I propose we add three further myths to the myth of reversibility or counter-violence: the myth of the struggle for recognition, the myth of the cowardice of the slave, and, more significantly, the myth of Aufheben itself as an essentially absolutist and imperial form of mastery, or of overcoming, resolution and completio
The Past (Dis)Continued: Marking Time in Durham Cathedral
No full textIn the twelfth century, the Anglo-Saxon past was only barely out of living memory, and a still political motivator in many Anglo-Norman contexts. The palatinate bishoprics of Ely (created 1109) and Durham (as the Liberty of Durham from pre-Conquest times) both had a vested interest in keeping their independent status known to all who would challenge it. This manifested itself in both secular and sacred contexts such as Ely’s uncomfortable relationship with the bishopric of Lincoln and Durham’s maintenance that the grant of land by King Ecgfrith to St Cuthbert was the basis of their jurisdiction. In both contexts, the Norman cathedrals built post-Conquest served as not simply a Norman marker of the ‘new’ but a physical reminder of the ‘old.’ This chapter will examine the creation of memory cultures in stone in both cathedrals, as a disruption of the ‘Normanness’ of the spaces and projecting a sense of appropriate Anglo-Saxonness into the twelfth century. In some senses, both cathedrals in the twelfth century used the past to disrupt the new in order to maintain links to the old in order to defend their jurisdiction and powers. Both palatinate bishoprics had an urgent sense of their own independence, and maintained it in stone by disrupting the sense of the present - and the presentness of the Normans
Understanding the Traits of Tourism Sustainability Activists Through a Life Course Framework
Get PDFThis study has provided determinants influencing the emergence of tourism sustainability activists, which need to be taken into consideration in planning strategies. The contextual determinants include (1) Female (2) Empowered to be sustainability activists, because born or grew up in a pro-environment context (3) Having a higher education qualification in tourism or related topic (4) work in the tourism industry or related sectors (5) is self-employed/entrepreneur. The person determinants include: (1) Conscientiousness (2) Emotional stability (3) Extraversion (4) Agreeableness (5) Openness to experience.</p
Vegan versus meat-based dog food: guardian-reported indicators of health
Get PDFIncreasing concerns about environmental sustainability, along with competition for traditional protein sources, are driving considerable development of alternative pet foods. These include raw meat diets and in vitro meat products, and diets based on novel protein sources such as plants, insects, yeast, fungi and potentially seaweed. However, some claim such diets may compromise cat welfare. We surveyed 1,418 cat guardians, asking them about one cat that had been living with them, for at least one year. Among 1,380 respondents who played some role in cat diet decision-making, health and nutrition was the factor considered most important. 1,369 respondents provided information, each relating to a single cat who had been fed a meat-based (1,242 – 91%) or vegan (127 – 9%) diet for at least one year. We examined seven general indicators of ill health: unusual numbers of veterinary visits, medication use, progression onto a therapeutic diet after initial maintenance on a vegan or meat-based diet, guardian opinion and predicted veterinary assessment of health status, percentage of unwell cats and number of health disorders per cat. We also considered the prevalence of 22 specific health disorders, based on predicted veterinary assessments. For the latter, we limited to 988 cats who had been seen by a veterinarian within the last year, and for whom guardians were reportedly sure of their veterinarian’s assessment. The percentages of cats in our sample who suffered from at least one disorder were 42% (meat-based) and 37% (vegan). Considering these general health indicators and 22 specific disorders overall, the cats fed vegan diets appeared at least as healthy, and in some respects healthier, than cats fed meat-based diets
