4254 research outputs found
Sort by
Language diversity and literature reviews in tourism research
Get PDFLanguage bias is a common yet undiscussed practice that can significantly constrain the rigour and generalisation of place-based studies and literature reviews. This paper discusses how research published in English compared with other languages is considered or not when conducting literature reviews. This research focuses specifically on tourism research and explores specific journal article examples in the contemporary subject area of overtourism within destination-based studies. To do this, we take a critical-linguistic, post-positivist approach to three case studies drawn from the literature on the phenomenon of overtourism. The study highlights how research in languages other than English is often discounted or omitted in academic fields that are dominated by English language publications.Nevertheless, our findings strongly support the proposition that place-specific research, to be rigorous and generalisable, should be supported by research carried out in relevant languages for its location. This research provides evidence that place-based research, based on literature from multiple languages and interdisciplinarity, can be reliable, valid and trustworthy. The study also notes the recommendations for conducting literature reviews within place-specific research and avenues for future research
Sharenting in an evolving digital world: Increasing online connection and consumer vulnerability
No full textSharenting (using social media to share content about one's child) is a progressively common phenomenon enabled by society's increased connection to digital technology. Although it can encourage positive connections to others, it also creates concerns related to children's privacy and well-being. In this paper, we establish boundaries and terminology related to sharenting in an evolving digital world. We conceptualize a modern sharenting ecosystem involving key stakeholders (parents, children, community, commercial institutions, and policymakers), by applying consumer vulnerability theory to explore the increased online connection that occurs as work, school, and socialization become increasingly more virtual. Next, we expand the characterization of sharenting by introducing a spectrum of sharenting awareness that categorizes three types of sharenting (active, passive, and invisible). Finally, we provide a research agenda for policymakers and consumer welfare researchers.</p
Valuing beyond economics: a pluralistic evaluation framework for participatory policy-making
No full textThe sustainability challenges facing societies call for policies and governance systems that are attuned to the diversity of goods that support and enrich human life via ecological, technical and other kinds of systems, and to the plurality of values that people hold across diverse cultures and belief systems. A pluralistic evaluation framework (PEF) is here presented as a tool for considering diverse kinds of goodness as perceived by diverse stakeholders in the design and evaluation of policies or projects. It arises from considering a suite of aspects of meaning (biotic, economic, aesthetic, etc.) at each of three stages, namely: identifying relevant stakeholders, mapping real-world systems and assessing modes of valuing. This framework, drawing on the philosophical work of Herman Dooyeweerd and Dirk Vollenhoven, offers a joined-up, participatory approach to policymaking. We report pilot trials of the PEF with groups of policymakers at a series of workshops, demonstrating that it provides additional perspectives and unification of core issues and can be used in a wide range of areas of policymaking and project assessment. We also illustrate its potential application to a controversial environmental project and outline how a pluralistic evaluation framework can be used in tandem with existing frameworks.</p
"Nice but not necessary? Reflections on the role of the arts in Kitcher’s Main Enterprise of the World"
Get PDFEl ilustrado Pellizer: ¿Un científico irracional, un lingüista célebre?
No full textOriginally from Jatiel, a village in the Spanish province of Teruel, José Manuel Pellicer García joined the Hispanic-Anglosphere through migration in the 1780s-1800s, a period of great of academic activity. A clergyman who stood out for his abilities to access political and academic power (ex. Benjamin Franklin, the Count of Aranda, Joseph Lalande, the Count of Mirabeau), he made use of practical knowledge to publish numerous scientific proposals —all of them rejected by academic institutions. In Paris and London, he was part of the circle of the Spanish embassy, giving him access to the first secretaries of state, from Floridablanca to Mariano Luis de Urquijo. This article reconstructs a part of his life, focusing on his scientific controversies and his contributions to the field of humanities. The biography reflects the great transformations that took place during those decades in Europe, as well as changes in the balance of power, particularly in relation to the Church that Pellizer defended at a time that it was losing part of its influence in the court, in science and in education
George Bowen and his 1854 Murray Handbook for Travellers in Greece
No full textGeorge Bowen’s Handbook for Travellers in Greece, published by John Murray in 1854, was the world’s first practical guide to Greece. It preserves Victorian travel experiences at a time when guidebooks were beginning to denote the scale of British influence, and opens up an overlooked area of British imperialism. This paper contextualises and scrutinises Bowen’s Handbook, highlighting its significance in bridging the bifurcation between picturesque travelogues and supposedly impartial guides; in addressing tensions between systematisation and liberation; and in challenging anti-Greek prejudice. It explores Bowen’s mixed identity as defender of Greek liberty and emissary of a burgeoning colonial power, and asks if a critical examination of his writings and life can provide an enriching route into the past
The impacts of colony cages on the welfare of chickens farmed for meat
No full textThere is growing interest in keeping meat chickens in modern colony cages (CCs) rather than conventional litter-floor barns. Suggested welfare improvements for chickens in such systems include reduced bodily lesions due to lower contact with flooring contaminated with faeces and urine, due to slatted flooring and automated faeces removal. This systematic review sought to determine the animal welfare impacts of CCs using slatted flooring, in comparison to litter-based non-cage systems. Overall, 23 relevant studies were retrieved. From one perspective, the extant research appeared mixed. Fifteen (65%) of these 23 studies identified some form of welfare concern about slatted floors, and thus CCs. Yet, when considering actual welfare indicators assessed, the tallies generated in favour of each housing system were similar. Crucially however, there were incomplete behavioural welfare measures in 100% of the empirical studies reviewed. Accordingly, significant welfare concerns exist about CCs, centring around behavioural deprivation. Given that over 70 billion chickens are farmed then slaughtered each year globally, widespread implementation of CCs would create a major animal welfare concern. Instead of implementing such CC systems, research and development is recommended into improving welfare outcomes of conventional litter barns using different forms of commercially feasible enrichment. As a minimum, a full behavioural analysis, as detailed in the Welfare Quality Assessment protocols, should form a mandatory part of any future studies aimed at assessing the welfare impacts of housing systems on farmed chickens.</p
Satisfiability and Containment of Recursive SHACL
No full textThe Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is the recent W3C recommendation language for validating RDF data, by verifying certain shapes on graphs. Previous work has largely focused on the validation problem, while the standard decision problems of satisfiability and containment, crucial for design and optimisation purposes, have only been investigated for simplified versions of SHACL. Moreover, the SHACL specification does not define the semantics of recursively-defined constraints, which led to several alternative recursive semantics being proposed in the literature. The interaction between these different semantics and important decision problems has not been investigated yet. In this article we provide a comprehensive study of the different features of SHACL, by providing a translation to a new first-order language, called SCL, that precisely captures the semantics of SHACL. We also present MSCL, a second-order extension of SCL, which allows us to define, in a single formal logic framework, the main recursive semantics of SHACL. Within this language we also provide an effective treatment of filter constraints which are often neglected in the related literature. Using this logic we provide a detailed map of (un)decidability and complexity results for the satisfiability and containment decision problems for different SHACL fragments. Notably, we prove that both problems are undecidable for the full language, but we present decidable combinations of interesting features, even in the face of recursion