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A writer's guide to Ancient Rome
No full textA writer's guide to Ancient Rome serves as a guide and inspiration to the Roman population, economy, laws, leisure, and religion for that author, student, general reader who seeking an introduction to what made the Romans tick. The Guide considers trends and themes from roughly 200 B.C. to A.D. 200 with the occasional foray into the antecedents and legacy on either side of the period. Each chapter explicates its main themes with examples from the original sources. Throughout are suggestions for resources to mine for the subject at hand and particular topics affected by scholarly debate and changing interpretation based on new discoveries or re-interpretation of written and material remains
Concepts, applications, uses and evaluation of environmental enrichment: Perceptions of zoo professionals
No full textIt is imperative that zoo-based Environmental Enrichment (EE) is underpinned by an evidence-based approach, yet research suggests considerable taxonomic bias in EE provision and a tendency for keepers to rely on food-based EE despite multiple EE categories being available. To better understand potential barriers to the dissemination of information on EE for underrepresented taxa and categoriesof EE, a workshop was run at the 19th BIAZA Research Conference in summer 2017. Six taxa (domestic species, non-parrot birds, small mammalian carnivores, reptiles/amphibians and fish/invertebrates) plus non-food-based EE were discussed by six focus groups who answered a standardised set of questions as part of a semi-structured interview. Deductive thematic analysis and Principal Component Analysis were applied to coded themes from the delegates’ discourse. Results suggest that delegates were focused upon two underlying themes: measures of animal quality of life and the use or lack of information. Both themes were evidenced in the discourse of all focus groups for all five EE subject areas (EE concept and terminology; need for EE; barriers to EE; use of literature; evaluation of EE). Results suggest that zoo professionals have: i) a holistic view of animal welfare that relies on species’ behavioural ecology to inform practice, ii) a multifactorial view on EE concepts, iii) an approachthat sees EE as core husbandry but in practice a luxury due to barriers in implementing it and iv) an understanding that literature provides ideas for EE. Delegates note that effort to diversify provision is required and research into EE use can overcome barriers to implementation, determine an animal’s need for EE and help measure the success of EE. Delegates discussed the lack of literature on EE across categories and taxa, supporting conclusions of previous published research in this area of husbandry. Further research on how EE can be used for underrepresented animal groups is required if zoo-based practice is to continue to progress
Gender Differences in the Perceived Impact that Athlete Leaders have on Team Member Emotional States.
Get PDFEmotional contagion has been recognized as a variable influencing individual behaviour and team functioning. In particular, leaders within the team have been suggested to have a significant impact on their teammates through the expression of their emotions. As a result, the aim of this study was to provide greater insight into how different athlete leaders impact the emotional state of their team members, and whether gender differences existed in these relationships. Participants were 295 university student-athletes (200 male and 95 female) recruited from four universities in the UK. Data were collected in a two-step process. First, a voting/rating procedure was conducted within team to identify dominant task, motivational, social and external leaders. Then, participants completed the emotional contagion subscale of the Measure of Empathetic Tendency to rate the impact different athlete leaders had upon their emotional state. A MANOVA was conducted to explore gender differences in reported emotional susceptibility by leadership role. Subsequent ANOVAs highlighted significant differences between leadership role scores for female participants only. The results suggest that female athletes are more susceptible to emotional influence than male athletes. Furthermore, female athletes experienced a greater variation in the perceived emotional influence of different leadership roles in the team
Considerations for nutrition support in critically ill children with COVID-19 and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19
No full textSummary There are reports of children COVID-19 or COVID-19 like symptoms with hyperinflammatory multisystem syndrome, ARDS, gastrointestinal and atypical Kawasaki disease presenting to PICU worldwide temporally associated with COVID-19, for which there are important nutrition support considerations. As a result, the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care – Metabolism, Endocrine and Nutrition group (ESPNIC-MEN) and paediatric nutritionists working in PICUs are being consulted regarding nutrition management of critically ill children with COVID-19 or COVID-19 like symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this short report is to provide a summary of nutrition support recommendations for critically ill children with COVID-19. They are based on the ESPNIC-MEN section recommendations published in January 2020 and surviving sepsis recommendations from February 2020
Blockchain, Facebook and a Polygraph
Get PDFThe blockchain technology is a technology that makes use of a set cryptographic primitives that allow it to store information by consensus of the nodes disregarding a central trustly part. These mechanisms also make the stored information unalterable, and allow it to be verified in a quick way. This technology allows us to relate intangibles like truth, consensus and security. Here lies the point of this paper. We aim to develop a polygraph app that can work in social networks using the users of the social network previously registered in the app as the nodes of a blockchain. Using the Nash equilibrium and techniques of Artificial intelligence we already create a mechanism of consensus to the nodes that allow them to register information in the ledger. As the value of the truth is one of the great problems nowadays in platforms of social networks we develop and present an architecture to work in facebook as the first application. The architecture is ethical by design, inspired by the moral formalism of Immanuel Kant. Truth, and lying, were central concerns to his philosophy. The principles of his ethics can be implemented into blockchain technology so we establish a technology which upholds truth as a formal duty between people, by detecting falsehoods spread on social media. This ethical coding would in principle enable society to protect the rationality and dignity of its citizens. This is a small step towards the possibility of greater ethics en-coded in the practices of our digital world, whilst we do discuss and recognise the many technical and conceptual complexities – such as the nature of ‘truth’ and ‘ethics’ in itself, especially given Kant’s hard-lined philosophy. However, Kant's universality of thinking aligns well with the logic of computing; therefore ethical formalism appears to be a suitable first step in the exploration of philosophically inspired truth judgements in blockchain technology
What is your tourism Madeleine de Proust?
Get PDFThe Madeleine de Proust theory which is about the power of the subconscious (Bray, 2013), refers to Proust’s experience of recalling his past after tasting a madeleine dipped in tea (Bray, 2013). Indeed, long-buried memories can be brought to the surface after smelling and/or tasting something (Smith, 2016), like a ‘Madeleine’ (a traditional shell-like shape French small sponge cake). In the case of Marcel Proust (French novelist), it is the memory of his childhood that was brought to the surface (Weiner, 1980). This madeleine could be considered as the link between the past and the present (Weiner, 1980), and potentially the future, as there is a continuum between childhood and adulthood (Weiner, 1980), even in terms of tourism consumption (Cullingford, 1995). This study is focusing on the experience adults from the diaspora, whether victim diasporas, trade diasporas, imperial diasporas, labour diasporas, and so forth (Séraphin, 2020), had had during their childhood, as the second generation of the diaspora onward tends to disengage with their parents’ country of origin. Meylon-Reinette (2010) referred to this phenomenon as ‘dediasporisation’. There is a connection between Madeleine de Proust and ‘dediasporisation’ as when Proust tasted the madeleine again, ‘the same feeling occurs. But when he tries a third time, the feeling is diminished’ (Smith, 2016: 38). This study is addressing the dearth of research regarding children in the tourism industry and cognate sectors (Khoo-Lattimore, Prayag, & Cheah, 2015), alongside contributing to existing literature on diaspora (tourism); and connecting tourism with neurosciences. The research question of the study is as follow: What is the tourism Madeleine de Proust of adults from the diaspora
Effect of combined home-based, overground robotic-assisted gait training and usual physiotherapy on clinical functional outcomes in people with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Get PDFObjectives:To assess the effect of a home-based over-ground robotic-assisted gait training program using the AlterG Bionic Leg orthosis on clinical functional outcomes in people with chronic stroke. Design:Randomized controlled trial. Setting:Home. Participants:Thirty-four ambulatory chronic stroke patients who recieve usual physiotherapy. Intervention:Usual physiotherapy plus either (1)10-week over-ground robotic-assisted gait training program (n=16), using the device for 30 minutes per day, or (2)control group (n=18), 30 minutes of physical activity per day. Measurements:The primary outcome was the Six-Minute Walk Test. Secondary outcomes included: Timed-Up-and-Go, Functional Ambulation Categories, Dynamic Gait Index and Berg Balance Scale. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed using accelerometry. All measurements were completed at baseline, 10- and 22-weeks after baseline. Results:Significant increases in walking distance were observed for the Six-Minute Walk Test between baseline and 10-weeks for over-ground robotic-assisted gait training (135±81m vs. 158±93m, respectively; P0.001) but not for control (122±92m vs. 119±84m, respectively). Findings were similar for Functional Ambulation Categories, Dynamic Gait Index and Berg Balance Scale (all P0.01). For over-ground robotic-assisted gait training, there were increases in time spent stepping, number of steps taken, number of sit-to-stand transitions, and reductions in time spent sitting/supine between baseline and 10-weeks (all P<.05). The differences observed in all of the aforementioned outcome measures were maintained at 22-weeks, 12 weeks after completing the intervention (all P >.05). Conclusion:Over-ground robotic-assisted gait training combined with physiotherapy in chronic stroke patients led to significant improvements in clinical functional outcomes and physical activity compared to the control group. Improvements were maintained at 22 weeks
