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A Review of Naomi Hodgson and Stefan Ramaekers, 2019, Philosophical Presentations of Raising Children: The Grammar of Upbringing. Palgrave Macmillan
No full textImproving intoxicated witness recall with the Enhanced Cognitive Interview
Get PDFWitnesses and victims typically provide the central leads in police investigations, yet statistics from past research indicates in many instances these individuals are intoxicated. To date, however, no research has looked at how best to interview such witnesses to maximise the amount of accurate information they recall. In the present research, while on a night out, participants watched a videoed theft whilst either sober, moderately (MBAC = .05%) or severely (MBAC = .14%) intoxicated. A week later, in a different location, participants were interviewed using either the Enhanced Cognitive (ECI) or Structured Interview. The ECI was found to improve the recall accuracy and completeness of witness accounts across all three drinking conditions. However, no significant interaction was indicated betweenalcohol and interview condition. The study findings are discussed in terms of their real-world value in aiding policeofficers to elicit as complete and as accurate an account as possible from intoxicated witnesses
Mountain tourism and second home tourism as post COVID-19 lockdown placebo?
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study adopts a news media narrative approach to Yield insights on aspects of the COVID-19 impact. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a news media narrative approach as this method can yield insights on aspects of the COVID-19 impact. Findings: In the post-COVID-19 lockdown context, second-home tourism and mountain tourism could play the role of placebo. The dual dimension of second-home tourism and mountain tourism reflect the Janus-faced character of the tourism industry. Beyond the fact that this study has highlighted the placebo role that both forms of tourism are probably going to play, it makes the connection between mountain tourism and second-home tourism; highlights the Janus-faced character of both forms of tourism; and highlights the mutation impacts of COVID-19 on tourism trends. Originality/value: COVID-19 is the current concern, and this paper offers a timely perspective on a topic of significant interest
Comparing Lower and Middle Palaeolithic lithic procurement behaviors within the Hrazdan basin of central Armenia
Get PDFThe Hrazdan River valley in Armenia contains Lower, Middle, and Upper Paleolithic archaeological sites and offers access to the Gutansar Volcanic Complex, a large and important source of obsidian. The sites’ occupants primarily acquired lithic material from this obsidian source, which is manifested throughout the local landscape, but its obsidian exposures, produced during a single eruptive phase, exhibit the same geochemical signature. This situation inspired the development of rock magnetic characterization as a means to recognize obsidian from different spots across the volcanic complex (i.e., intra-source, not inter-source, characterization). This intra-source approach was first applied to the Middle Palaeolithic site of Lusakert Cave 1, where the data revealed that the occupants collected obsidian throughout the river valley, rather than a preferred outcrop, quarrying area, or secondary deposit. Such a finding implied that the toolstone procurement spatially coincided with the valley and was embedded in subsistence activities. In this new study, the same approach to intra-source magnetic characterization is applied to the Lower Palaeolithic site of Nor Geghi 1 – specifically, to obsidian debris dated between 440 and 335 millennia ago. The magnetic measurements show that, like at Lusakert Cave 1, toolstone acquisition occurred within the valley. If, as we propose, obsidian procurement reflects the spatial distribution of subsistence activities, it attests that archaic hominins at both sites and in both periods were able to effectively exploit a resource-rich riparian ecosystem. Consequently, this study provides an example of behaviors shared by Middle and Lower Palaeolithic hominins whereby, placed within the same landscape, their resource exploitation behaviors appear indistinguishable
Resistance in Repressive Contexts: A Comprehensive Test of Psychological Predictors
Get PDFEmpirical research on the social psychological antecedents of collective action has been conducted almost exclusively in democratic societies, where activism is relatively safe. The present research examines the psychological predictors of collective action intentions in contexts where resistance is met with significant repression by the authorities. Combining recent advancements in the collective action literature, our model examines the unique predictive roles of emotion (anger and fear), political, identity consolidation and participative efficacies, politicized identification and moral obligation, over and above past participation. It further investigates how these variables are shaped by perceptions of risks due to repression. Four survey studies test this model among protesters in Russia (N = 305), Ukraine (N = 136), Hong Kong (N = 115), and Turkey (N = 296). Meta-analytic integration of the findings highlights that, unlike in most current accounts of collective action, protesters in these contexts are not primarily driven by political efficacy. Rather, their involvement is contingent upon beliefs in the ability of protest to build a movement (identity consolidation and participative efficacies) and motivated by outrage at state repression, identification with the social movement, and a sense of moral obligation to act on their behalf. Results also confirm that risks due to state repression spur rather than quell resistance by increasing outrage, politicized identification, identity consolidation and participative efficacies, and moral obligation. The implications of these findings for models of collective action and our understanding of the motives underlying engagement in repressive contexts are discussed
The Development of Clinical Thinking in Trainee Physicians: The Educator Perspective
Get PDFBackground: An important element of effective clinical practice is the way physicians think when they encounter a clinical situation, with a significant number of trainee physicians challenged by translating their learning into professional practice in the clinical setting. This research explores the perceptions of educators about how trainee physicians develop their clinical thinking in clinical settings. It considers what educators and their colleagues did to help, as well as the nature of the context in which they worked. Method: A qualitative approach was used in this study with in depth interviews carried out with educators as key informants. Rich data derived from 15 interview transcripts were analysed thematically in a rigorous and iterative process. Results: Three broad and overlapping themes were identified: working in an educationally minded culture; proximity of the educator to the trainee physician; and trajectory of the trainee physician. The departments in which these educators worked emphasised the importance for the education of trainee physicians. All members of the team were responsible for education of the team, and all members, particularly senior nurses, were able to give feedback upon the trainee physicians’ progress. Educators described working side by side with their trainee physician and frequently being in close proximity to them which means that the educator was both easily accessible and spent more time with their trainee physicians. They described a trajectory of the trainee physicians through the placement with close monitoring and informal assessment throughout. Conclusion: Recommendations are made as to how trainee physicians can be supported to develop their clinical thinking. Educators and managers can analyse their own and their department’s practice and select the recommendations relevant to their local circumstances in order to make change. This study adds the educator perspective to a body of literature about the importance of context and supportive learning environments. As such the discussion is applicable to the education of other health professionals
Constructivist Coaching:A practical guide to unlocking potential alternative futures
No full textBased on the philosophy of Personal Construct Psychology (PCP), constructivist coaching is interested in how people interpret their own lives and how they ‘construct’ their sense of reality within their social world. Relationships, social context, individual thought processes, identity, and active learning are all fundamental aspects of this approach.Using a range of methods and practical applications, these expert authors bring constructivist coaching to life for the first time, enabling the reader to quickly grasp both the meaning of the approach and how to apply it. The aim is to work flexibly with your coachees, allowing them to lead the coaching process to unlock what they did not know or realise about themselves and reach greater self-understanding and self-acceptance, and to enable them to engage in meaningful change. With a wide range of examples offered, the methods covered in the book can be used flexibly across contexts, as either a holistic coaching philosophy or an extension to your existing coaching tools.Constructivist Coaching is an invaluable practical guide for coaches, managers and occupational psychologists, along with anyone else who is involved in supporting the personal development and learning of others
A Social Cure in the Community: A mixed‐method exploration of the role of social identity in the experiences and well‐being of community volunteers
No full textCohesive, resilient communities are vital to the well‐being of residents. Uncovering the determinants of successful community identities is therefore essential to progressing the community health agenda. Engaging in community participation through volunteering may be one pathway to building local community identity and enhancing residents’ health and well‐being but the group processes connecting them remain unexplored. We conducted two studies investigated these dynamics using the ‘Social Cure’ perspective. First, we analysed 53 in‐depth interviews with volunteers, finding that community relationships shaped their experiences and that volunteering influenced their sense of community belonging, support, and well‐being. Second, a community survey (N=619) revealed that volunteering predicts well‐being through the serial mediators of community identification and social support. Our paper demonstrates the Social Cure processes involved in community‐based volunteering, their impact on community identity, support and well‐being, and the implications for community health, and the provision and sustainability of community voluntary action and interventions
Research identified variation in nutrition practice by community prescribing dietitians with regards to the identification and management of malnutrition amongst community dwelling adults
No full textTo improve nutritional outcomes of community dwelling adults with malnutrition we identified three related hypotheses to be tested: i) Southampton Community Prescribing Support Service dietitians achieve 100% compliance with selected standards of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Clinical Guideline (CG) 32, ii) patient service satisfaction amongst community dwelling adults accessing the prescribing support service is high (90%), and iii) nationally, dietitians use weight gain goal >10% and BMI >18.5 kg/m2 as outcome measures from the service phases of prescribing support. A retrospective audit of records of 100 community-dwelling adults accessing local services considered CG32 “Indications for nutrition support in hospital and community standard 1.3.1” and CG32 “Monitoring of nutrition support in hospital and community standard 1.5.6”. A questionnaire was distributed to community-dwelling adults (n = 52) accessing the service, in addition to a national survey of dietetic practice. Compliance with standard 1.3.1 was 46% and with standard 1.5.6 it was 82%. The majority of patients (86%; n = 13) reported satisfaction with the support service. Nationally, 89% (n = 51) of dietitians use weight and 87% (n = 50) use BMI as an outcome measure for success of nutritional intervention. All research hypotheses were rejected. These results suggest there is considerable variation in the identification and management of malnutrition amongst community dwelling adults, which may impact on clinical and nutritional outcomes. Future work should consider quality improvement projects to address potential barriers to achieving best practice by community prescribing dietitians through the use of nutrition pathways to support older adults with malnutrition