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Does participation in Downhill mountain biking affect measures of executive function?
No full textThis study assessed the influence of downhill mountain biking on acute measures of executive function. Twenty-three participants took part in the study and were assigned to either, FIELD (N=7, mean age 27 ± 9 yrs), LAB (N=8, mean age 36 ± 9 yrs) or CONTROL (N=8, mean age 41 ± 9 yrs) groups. Participants performed the Stroop colour-word test via a tablet pc app (EncephalApp). Additionally, the Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B) were completed. Significant main effects were found for OffTime (F2,12 = 13.04; p = .001; ηp2 = .69), OnTime (F2,12 = 4.31; p = .04; ηp2 = .42) and OnTrials (F2,12 = 10.74; p = .002; ηp2 = .64), with the results showing a decrement in Stroop test performance following Trial1 and Trial4 compared to BL for the FIELD group. A significant main effect was found for TMT-A (F2,12 = 7.50; p = .008; ηp2 = .56), with performance improving following Trial4 compared to BL for the FIELD group. LAB and CONTROL groups significantly improved on the TMT-B from BL to Trial1 and Trial4 (F2,14 = 4.31; p = .04; ηp2 = .38 and F2,14 = 13.70; p = .001; ηp2 = .66, respectively). Results suggest participation in downhill mountain biking in this cohort significantly impaired executive function when compared to repeated sprint activity within a laboratory. This is indicative of repeated head accelerations caused by riding over rough terrain
Virtual water flows under projected climate, land use and population change: the case of UK feed barley and meat
No full textThe flow of water through food commodity trade has been rationalized in the virtual water concept. Estimates of future virtual water flows under climate, land use, and population changes could have instrumental value for policy and strategic trade decisions. This paper estimated the virtual water flows associated with feed barley and meat imports to the UK under projected climate, land use, and population changes from the 2030s to the 2050s. The results show that future virtual water inflows associated with barley imports to balance domestic deficits are larger than total volume of water used in domestic barley production in the UK. Mean virtual water associated with total UK barley production ranged from 206 to 350 million m3. This is much less than the mean total virtual water associated with barley imports (if total barley produced in the UK is used for feed), which ranged from 2.5 to 5.6 billion m3 in the 2030s to the 2050s for all land use and climate change scenarios. If domestic barley production is distributed to the different end uses, the total virtual water inflows associated with imports to balance domestic feed barley supply could be as high as 7.4 billion m3. Larger virtual water inflows (as high as 9.9 billion m3) were associated with feed barley equivalent meat imports. While the UK barley production would be entirely green, imports of either barley or meat would result in large blue water inflows to the UK. Virtual water inflows increased across the time slices for all emissions scenarios, indicating weak effectiveness of yield or productivity gains to moderate virtual water inflows. While increase in yield and land allocated to barley production should be adaptive targets, the UK needs to take policy and strategic actions to diversify trade partners and shift imports away from countries where blue water flows can exacerbate existing or potential water stresses
Occupational therapy in nursing home
No full textGreater longevity has increased chronic diseases such as dementia leading to a higher number of people admitted to nursing home (NH). When admitted to a NH people with dementia experiment social withdrawal, reduced engagement in active and passive activities that result in low quality of life perception. Occupational therapists in NH play an important role against residents’ loneliness and identity loss in particular for people with dementia because they promote activity engagement interventions and other non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions improving quality of life, functioning, cognitive decline and preventing BPSD
The effect of absorbent pad design on skin wetness, skin/Pad microclimate, and skin barrier function:A Quasi-experimental open cohort study
No full textPURPOSE: The main aims of this study were to describe the effects of incontinence pad composition on skin wetness, the skin/pad microclimate, and skin barrier function. We also evaluated the potential utility of our methods for future clinical investigation of absorbent pad design. DESIGN: Single-blind, quasi-experimental, open cohort design. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Twenty healthy older volunteers (mean age = 72.8 years, SD = 5.8 years; 8 male and 12 female) tested 2 absorbent pad types, with acquisition layers of different compositions (A and B) applied to different sites on the volar aspect of the forearms. One type A pad served as control (A dry) versus 3 pad samples wetted with 3 volumes of saline (A 15 mL, A 35 mL, and B 15 mL). The study was conducted within the clinical laboratory of a university nursing research group in the United Kingdom. METHODS: Skin barrier function was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration by corneometry, and skin surface pH using a standard skin pH electrode. Skin water loading (excess water penetration into the skin) was quantified by measuring TEWL and creating a desorption curve of the water vapor flux density. Calculating the area under the curve of the desorption curve to give skin surface water loss reflected excess water penetration into the skin. In a subgroup of the sample, the temperature and relative humidity (microclimate) at the interface between the skin and test pads were measured using a wafer-thin sensor placed between the skin and pad sample. Proinflammatory cytokine release from the SC was assessed using a noninvasive lipophilic film. The main outcome measures in this study were the differences in biophysical measurements of skin barrier function (TEWL, corneometer, and pH) before and after the application of the different pads. RESULTS: Mean ± SD baseline TEWL across all test sites was 10.4 ± 4.4 g/h/m2. This increased to 10.6 ± 3.8 g/h/m2 at the control site, 15.3 ± 6.3 g/h/m2 for the A 15-mL pad, 15.3 ± 3.9 g/h/m2 for the A 35-mL pad, and 15.6 ± 3.2 g/h/m2 for the B 15-mL pad. The mean baseline skin surface pH was 5.9 ± 0.04; cutaneous pH increased to a mean of 6.1 ± 0.06 following all pad applications (P =.16). Mean SC hydration remained unchanged at the control site (A dry). In contrast, SC hydration increased following the application of all wetted pads. Target cytokines were detected in all samples we analyzed. The IL-1RA/IL-1α ratio increased following pad application, except for the wettest pad. CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest that absorbent pad design and composition, particularly the acquisition layer, affect performance and may influence skin health. Based on our experience with this study, we believe the methods we used provide a simple and objective means to evaluate product performance that could be used to guide the future development of products and applied to clinical settings.</p
Coache so gut du kannst:Die Rolle von Coachingausbildung und Coachingerfahrung bei Coachingqualität und Qualitätskontrolle
Get PDFFused identities: an exploration of primary teachers' geographical identities
Get PDFTeachers working with younger pupils in schools often teach their pupils multiple subjects; therefore, the relationship that the individual teacher has with each subject area is likely to be significant. This paper reports on research which focused on the relationship that a sample of primary teachers working in England, has with geography. The research explored the individuals’ unique geographical stories using a phenomenological methodology in order to gain insight into the relationship between the teachers’ subject-specific identity and their overall identity as teachers. This paper outlines the research findings which indicate that the teachers surveyed have a fused identity, whereby they consider their subject-specific and generic pedagogy to be complimentary facets and not mutually exclusive
Does engaging in action research support trainee teachers in forming and reflecting on values?
Get PDFThis paper reports on findings from a two-year project, which explored whether undertaking small-scale action research supported the development and articulation of the values of trainee teachers. Underpinned by a conceptualisation of teacher professionalism which prioritised research literacy, it used questionnaires to collect data from a sample of 220 B.Ed. students. The analysis utilised themes relating to research literacy and teacher formation. Findings demonstrated that students saw the relevance of empirical practitioner research. This process also appeared to afford opportunities for students to reflect on, and articulate, their values, and consider their impact at both a personal and pedagogical level
Archive on 4:After the Fallout
No full textUsing recordings, dramatic recreations and imaginative sound pieces, re-enacting those moments that would change lives for ever - Gordon Murray recounts a human experiment that few would now subject themselves to willingly
Wellbeing and Nurture: Physical and Emotional Security in Childhood
Get PDFWhile there is increasing concern about developing and reinforcing children’s physical and emotional security, researchers have been busy working out the actual mechanics, even at the cellular level, of how this can be achieved. This report will provide a concise update on what is known about optimising children’s wellbeing and security in childhood and far beyond. In examining the ways in which children grow and develop, we can learn from that because their physical and emotional wellbeing and therefore that of our future society will depend on it. This report represents what we have learned and we hope that it will contribute in a small way to the making of the brave new ‘post-Covid’ world