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Carry-over effects of tool functionality and previous unsuccessfulness increase overimitation in children
No full textChildren ‘overimitate’ causally irrelevant actions in experiments where both irrelevant and relevant actions involve a single common tool. This study design may make it harder for children to recognize the irrelevant actions, as the perceived functionality of the tool during the demonstration of the relevant action may be carried over to the irrelevant action, potentially increasing overimitation. Moreover, little is known how overimitation is affected by the demonstrator's expressed emotions and the child's prior success with the task. Here, 131 nine- to ten-year-old French and German children first engaged in a tool-based task, being successful or unsuccessful, and then watched an adult demonstrating the solution involving one irrelevant and one relevant action before smiling or remaining neutral. These actions were performed with the same tool or with two separate tools, testing potential carry-over effects of the functionality of the relevant action on the irrelevant action. We show that overimitation was higher when the same tool was used for both actions and when children were previously unsuccessful, but was not affected by the demonstrator's displayed emotion. Our results suggest that future overimitation research should account for the number of tools used in a demonstration and participants' previous task experience
The Lands and Patronage of Walter Giffard I, II and III, Lords of Longueville-sur-Scie and Earls of Buckingham, 1010-1164
No full textMasculinities, Media and the Rugby Mind: An Analysis of Stakeholder Views on the Relationship Between Rugby Union, the Media, Masculine-Influenced Views on Injury, and Concussion
No full textRugby union, alongside other collision and contact sports, faces ever mounting pressure from increased recognition of concussive injuries and the risks they present to athletes, both in the short-term and long-term. Here, the media is a central component of increasing pressure for cultural change. This research analysed data from 524 self-selected survey respondents to examine rugby union fans’ and stakeholders’ perceptions of media portrayal of concussion and how it might influence their own perceptions. We found evidence of a complex and heterogenous relationship between perceptions of masculinity, views and attitudes toward mass media, and degree of involvement in rugby union. Specifically, partisans of the sport generally saw mass media as hostile, with coverage biased against rugby, allowing them to manufacture doubt regarding risk information, as well as maintaining involvement in the sport. We conclude that critical commentaries from the media have the ability to challenge masculinities around concussion
The Equality Paradox: Sexual Harassment and Gender Inequality in a UK University
Get PDFThe incremental progression of women into academia, as both students and staff, has disrupted, but not dismantled, cultures and practices of gender inequality. The #MeToo and other movements have engendered a focus on the prevalence, and normalisation, of sexual violence on campus. Most UK studies focus on intra-student or staff-student experiences which constructs it as either a student issue or individualised transgressions. In this article we draw on data from a convergent mix-methods study in a UK university, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected from staff and students on experiences of sexual harassment and perceptions of gender inequality. In this article we focus specifically on staff data. We apply Kelly’s (2007) ‘conducive context’ analysis to argue that a cultural practice of gender inequality within the institution is the scaffold for sexual harassment. This invidious circle (Burri and Timmer, 2017) of gender inequality and sexual harassment is mutually supportive and sustaining. Using this one university as a case study we argue that for women in academia parity in entry has not equated to parity of experience – with women having to navigate the paradox of the academy as an ostensibly welcoming, yet hostile, environment
St Mary Magdalen, Winchester, England: the archaeology and history of an English Leprosarium and almshouse
No full textAnimal sentience bill is necessary for the UK to be a true world leader in animal welfare
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The 2017 Primary Health Care (PHC) reform in Greece: Improving access despite economic and professional constraints?
No full textBetween 2010 and 2018 Greece was subject to a bailout programme by international creditors and three successive Economic Adjustment Programmes (EAP). These involved large-scale austerity measures and drastic reductions in public sector spending including healthcare. Within this context and in line with the international best practice guidelines for primary care, in August 2017 the left-wing SYRIZA government passed a law for the reform of the Primary Health Care (PHC) sector. The reform introduced the establishment of Local Health Units and the embedded notion of the ‘family doctor’ as the first pillar of healthcare provision. These reforms aimed to strengthen primary care and to improve access to publicly provided primary care services. Despite the promising claims, the reform was a subject of criticism and failed to engage key stakeholder groups and to be delivered within the original timeline. The aim of this paper is to present the chronicle of the reform, its current status at a national level and its implementation challenges. To address current implementation hindrances, the reform of the Greek PHC sector is expected to undergo systemic changes, including factoring in the scheme's funding needs after 2021, with the successive government reconsidering its future form.</p
COVID-19: Impacts and Perspectives for Religious Tourism Events. The Case of Lourdes Pilgrimages.
Get PDFThe breakout of COVID-19 has massively impacted the event industry. Focusing on Lourdes Pilgrimages, the results of the study reveal that the online delivery of the event, has not negatively impacted on the traditional dimension of the pilgrimage; nor on the satisfaction of attendees. Instead, it has potentially offered some opportunities to the Sanctuary, and surrounding areas. As a result, crisis either internal or external to an industry should not be perceived only as negative. A Janusian thinking approach is required to perceive the opportunities related to crisis, and an ambidextrous management approach needed to exploit them.</p
DIY assessment feedback: building engagement, trust and transparency in the feedback process
Get PDFThis study evaluates a novel assessment and feedback process in which students were tasked with actively engaging in the feedback process in a ‘DIY’ – do-it-yourself – assessment feedback workshop. The research team set out to explore how an active participation in the construction of the assessment criteria and utilisation of that co-constructed criteria would affect the students’ evaluative judgement with assessing their own work. Through providing the space in which students were encouraged to use criteria to mark their own work, the research team aimed to build the students’ trust and confidence in the transparency of the assessment process. The main findings of this study have shown the value of this DIY assessment feedback workshop, as it has proven to encourage a deeper level of reflection in the student participants and catalysed a greater connection between the learning process of assessment feedback with both their past and future assessments