Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences
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A CO2 temperature equation
Get PDFAbstract. Modelling climate change at its core equation - temperature against CO2 concentration may allow a projection of the future path of global warming. The conclusion is certain: considerably hotter.Keywords. Average global temperature, CO2 concentration, Hawking irreversibility.JEL. B14, B24, B51
Operating practice of commercial motorcycle taxis in Dar Es Salaam City: Challenges and opportunities
Get PDFAbstract. This paper is a result of the findings into the study on the operations of commercial motorcycle taxis in Dar es Salaam City (Tanzania). The paper among other key issues examines the daily operations of commercial motorcycle taxis to determine its challenges and sustainability thus providing ways of improving the sector. It also examined challenges and opportunities involved in the sector. The study involved 370 respondents which are operators and commuters. The study found out that there are a number of challenges associated with the daily operations of commercial motorcycle taxis in the city, like long working hours among operators thus affecting safety of the services offered; poor relations among operators and law enforcement officers which in turn has contributed significantly to low level of adherence to the set rules and regulations. The study further revealed that there are no contracts between operators and owners thus denying some basic legal rights of the operators and commuters. Furthermore the study found out that there are no basic facilities in the parking areas for the motor cycle taxi operations. The paper concludes that in spite of the existing challenges and problems in the operations of the commercial motorcycle taxis in the city yet, a good number of commuters depend on it as the mode of transport for different reasons. Thus it is important to address the aforementioned challenges so as to improve the general services offered by this mode of travel.Keywords. Commercial motorcycle taxis, Challenges and opportunities, Sustainability.JEL. L60, L62, L69
Level of agrarian Governance sustainability in Bulgaria
Get PDFAbstract. In Bulgaria, like in many other countries, practically there are no comprehensive assessments of the governance sustainability of agriculture and its importance for the overall agrarian development. This study tries to fill the gap and suggests a holistic framework for understanding and assessing the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture. The newly elaborated approach is “tested” in a large-scale study for assessing the governance sustainability of country’s agriculture at national, sectoral, regional, eco-system and farm levels. The study has proved that it is important to include the “missing” Governance Pillar in the assessment of the Integral sustainability of agriculture and sustainability of agro-systems of various type. Multiple Principles, Criteria and Indicators assessment of the Governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture indicates that the Overall Governance Sustainability is at a “Good” but very close to the “Satisfactory” level. Besides, there is a considerable differentiation in the level of Integral Governance sustainability of different agro-systems in the country. What is more, the individual indicators with the highest and lowest sustainability values determine the “critical” factors enhancing and deterring the particular and integral Governance sustainability of evaluated agro-system. Last but not least important, results on the integral agrarian sustainability assessment based on micro (farm) and macro (statistical, etc.) data show some discrepancies which have to be taken into consideration in the analysis and interpretation, while assessment indicators, methods and data sources further improved.Keywords. Governance sustainability, Assessment, Agriculture, Subsectors, Agro-regions, Agro-ecosystems, Farming organizations, Bulgaria.JEL. Q10, O31, O33, Q01, Q16, Q18
Analyzing the influential factors of industry 4.0 in precision machinery industry
Get PDFAbstract. Nowadays the science and technology progresses not only create the change to have a big impact on various industries, but also stimulate Industry 4.0 being applied in the manufacturing industry to achieve manufacturing efficiency and to reduce its cost to increase additional values. This study uses the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) evaluation method, which considers four criteria layers: Internet of things factors, Automationfactors, Intelligent factors, Big data factors, and twelve influence factors in sub-layer are: perceived layer, network layer, application layer, field layer, management layer, control layer, process control visualization, system supervisory and control omni bearing, green energy manufacturing production, variety, volume, and velocity. Then, the relative risk indicator (RRI) is obtained by the Analytical Hierarchical Process method, and the overall risk indicator (ORI) can be obtained after introducing the evaluation value of each impact factor through the case. The research results confirm that the risk assessment values obtained the hierarchical analysis method are consistent. This research through the Analytic Hierarchy Process, then discusses Industry 4.0 pair of Taiwan's precision machinery industry management pattern institute emphatically face with target, expected will provide the existing machine manufacture industry as well as the future wants to invest the precision machine industry the management policy-maker reference value, also might take the government policy consideration factors and the machine manufacture industry scholars study the academic for reference.Keywords. Industry 4.0, Precision machine industry, Analytic Hierarchy Process.JEL. L22, M11, O14
Utilizing microalgae as a local resource for fuels production in Papua province. A review: Strategies plans of biodiesel
Get PDFAbstract. Papua province has abundant of natural resources that can be utilized as sources of bio-renewable energy fuels. Specifically highly demand from industrial sector in this particular case electricity consumption has led to the production of biodiesel from plant as a replacement of diesel fuel. From many biodiesel sources that are exist, microalgae has been selected as the main source of biodiesel production due to the highly oil content of this plant. In addition, alternative fuel such as bioethanol is also considered to be produced from the solid waste of microalgae biomass because of its carbohydrate level. Therefore, through this study, it is expected in the future Papua Province will be able to support its industrial and transportation sectors by utilizing local sources as fuels.Keywords. Papua Province, Electricity, Microalgae, Biodiesel, Bioethanol.JEL. D91, J24, J28, O14, Z22
Properties of the evolution of scientific fields: An inductive study in applied sciences
Get PDFAbstract. The evolution of science is made possible when experimental results are compared with expectations from theory and are consistent. In this context, experimental physics, as applied science, plays a vital role for the progress of science in society. The experimental physics is a discipline where physics scholars have an intensive laboratory experience that concentrates on experiments for substantiating and/or challenging established and/or new theories in physics. No studies to date allows us to explain the endogenous processes that support the evolution of scientific disciplines and emergence of new scientific fields in applied sciences of physics. In fact, one of the fundamental questions in science is how scientific disciplines evolve and sustain progress in society. This study confronts this question here by investigating the evolution of experimental physics to explain and generalize, whenever possible, some characteristics of the dynamics of applied sciences. Empirical analysis suggests a number of properties about the evolution of experimental physics and in general of applied sciences, such as: a)scientific fission, the evolution of scientific disciplines generates a process of division into two or more research fields that evolve as autonomous entities over time; b)ambidextrous drivers of science, the evolution of science via scientific fission is due to scientific discoveries or new technologies; c)new driving research fields, the drivers of scientific disciplines are new research fields rather than old ones (e.g., three scientific fields with a high scientific production in experimental physics are emerged after 1950s); d)science driven by development of general purpose technologies, the evolution of experimental physics and applied sciences is due to the convergence of experimental and theoretical branches of physics associated with the development of computer, information systems and applied computational science (e.g., computer simulation). Results also reveal that average duration of the up wave of scientific production in scientific fields supporting experimental physics is about 80 years. Overall, then, this study begins the process of clarifying and generalizing, as far as possible, some characteristics of the evolutionary dynamics of scientific disciplines that can lay a foundation for the development of comprehensive properties explaining the evolution of science as a whole for supporting fruitful research policy implications directed to advancement of science and technological progress in society.Keywords. Research Fields; Scientific Disciplines; Scientific Fields; Evolution of Science; Dynamics of Science; Applied Sciences; Basic Sciences; Experimental Physics; Scientific Fission; Scientific Development; Scientific Paradigm; Branching in Science; Sociology of Knowledge; Scientific Knowledge; Philosophy of Science.JEL. A19; C00; I23; L30
What is technology and technology change? A new conception with systemic-purposeful perspective for technology analysis
Get PDFAbstract. The study suggests a new definition of technology with a systemic-purposeful perspective: Technology here is a complex system of artifact, made and/or used by living systems, that is composed of more than one entity or sub-system and a relationship that holds between each entity and at least one other entity in the system, selected considering practical, technical and economic characteristics, to satisfy needs, achieve goals and/or solve problems of users for the purpose of adaptation and/or survival in environment. Technology is formed and evolves with different minor and major innovations. Several examples illustrate these concepts and a simple model operationalizes the proposed definition with a preliminary statistical evidence. Overall, then, technology changes current modes of cognition and action to enable makers and/or users to take advantage of important opportunities or to cope with consequential environmental threats.Keywords. Conception of technology, Nature of technology, Origin of technology, Evolution of technology, Diffusion of technology, Systems approach, Artifacts, Purposeful systems, Product modularity, Coevolution, New caledonian crow, Chimpanzee, Technical change.JEL. O30, O32, O33, B50
Doctor-patient mutual trust, telemedicine quality, and satisfaction: The role of knowledge management
Get PDFAbstract. Distant medical care satisfaction demands high quality care result. Both quality and satisfaction rely heavily on collective operations on knowledge of and relations between patients and doctors. Thus, knowledge sharing and doctor-patient trust are among the two critical factors that may lead to medical care quality and satisfaction. However, existing literature discussed the abovementioned in a scant fashion and without considering the gap between knowledge of owners in this context (i.e., care offerers such as doctors and receivers like patients). This paper proposes a conceptual model for an integrative discussion of the relationships among knowledge sharing, trust, medical care quality and patient satisfaction, from a fresh perspective of knowledge gap. Theoretical and practical implications are expected to be rich because this conceotual piece offer discussions from a viewpoint that starts from the mnost fundamental factor – collective knowledge attribute in terms of its heterogeneous structure.Keywords. Knowledge sharing, Trust, Distant medical care, Quality, Satisfaction.JEL. D80, D83, D84, D85