Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences
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Economics of WTO plus: No to conflict and Yes to regionalism
Get PDFAbstract. The paper makes a case for effective regionalism in South Asia by developing such conflict mitigation strategies between India and Pakistan that exploit their proximity to global trade. The welfare enhancing measures for nation states become more startling when they not only invest in institutional development but also become an active part of the global village with regionalism as a viable means to achieve this objective.Keywords. Trade, Institutions, Education, Regionalism, Conflict mitigation.JEL. F10, F15, F16
Racial Inequality and Some Examples
Get PDFAbstract. Racism is a movement which regards superiority to the biological and genetic characteristics obtaining from the birth. It grounds on the biological superiority in the cause and effect relationships of the social and politic instances. Racism emerged as color racism in its most primitive mean then evolved into skull and blood racism types. According to superior race approach, the humiliated races were born to give service to and help the superior race. We cannot declare that neither Enlightenment and Humanism movements from the though movements developed in West nor human rights ideology was successful to eliminate the racism in the world. We observe that racism which is the effort to create unphysical qualifications from physical qualifications is utilized for colonial empires of Europe. It is well known that European countries started colonization fights for Africa, America, Asia and Oceania in order to handle the raw material need which was increased after the Industrial Period in the 19th century. The countries had used to think that colonization was the justified result which was derived from the management right of “superior race” to which they belonged. Additionally, this idea was not only adapted by state governors but also adapted by religion people, science people and thought leaders while they regarded this situation as a natural result of the process. This view of point is clearly seen on their studies. According to the result of the “Conference of Defining Racism” organized in Paris, 1967 by UNESCO; racism is a movement which was created in order to justify the invasions, slavery and colonialism.Keywords., Sociology of EconomicsJEL. A00, A10, A14
Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (Eds.), The Road from Mont Pelerin: the Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective
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Why did I Prefer to Vote for my Political Party?
Get PDFAbstract. The case study revolves around discussions by a group of students of a popular university in a cafeteria. State elections in Uttar Pradesh had just finished and students were wondering as to how the election results were against their pre-conceived notions. They were discussing about the reasons as to why they voted for their preferred political party as first-time voters. Overall, this case study purports to assess the impact of political parties’ branding on voters’ decision-making. The case study seeks to raise three concerns: how does political parties’ branding influence voters’ decision-making? what are the key factors which influence a voter in decision-making process?, and why is psychology so different in a multi-party system in developing economies’ contexts? A consumer-oriented approach is developed for assessing the impact of political parties’ branding on voters’ decision-making. It is concluded that voters’ decision-making is influenced by the political parties’ branding initiatives.Keywords. Political parties’ branding; Political marketing; Voters perception.JEL. P16, D72, D73
About Governance and Evaluation of Sustainability of Farming Enterprise
Get PDFAbstract. The issue of governance and evaluation of sustainability of farming enterprise like individual and family farms, agro-companies, agro-cooperatives, etc. is among the most discussed among researchers, farmers, investors, politicians, interests groups and public at large. Despite the significant development of the theory and practice in that new area still there is no common understanding on “what is (how to define) sustainability of farming enterprises?”, „what is the difference and relations between farm and agrarian sustainability?“, “which are the critical factors of sustainability of farming enterprises?”, “which are the governing mechanisms and forms for farms sustainability?”, “how to select the most-efficient forms for governing of farms sustainability?”, and “how to evaluate the sustainability level of farming enterprises” in a dynamic world, where hardly there is anything actually “sustainable. This paper tries to give answer to all these questions. First, evolution of the “concept” of sustainability of farming enterprises is initially analyzed and discussed. On that base is suggested adequate definition of farming enterprise’ sustainability as ability of a particular farm to maintain its governance, economic, social and ecological functions in a long term. After that principle mechanisms and modes of governance of sustainability of farming enterprise are specified, including institutional environment, market, private, collective, public and hybrid modes. Following applicable for the contemporary conditions of the development of Bulgarian agriculture framework for assessing the farm sustainability level is suggested. The later includes a system of appropriate principles, criteria, indicators, and reference values, which characterize the governance, economic, ecological and social aspects of farms sustainability as well as approach for their integration and interpretation. Finally, a framework for analyzing and assessing the efficiency of the individual components and the entire system of governance for farm enterprise’ sustainability is suggested. Ultimate objective of this study is to discuss and experiment efficiency of suggested framework, and after improving it to suggest it for a wider use in farm and agri-business management, and improvement of policies and modes of public intervention in agrarian sector.Keywords. Farming enterprise, Sustainability, Governance, Ecological aspects, Market, Private and public modes of governance.JEL Class: Q12, Q18, Q56, Q57
Anti-aircraft Missiles and Gun Control
Get PDFAbstract. Gun control is a highly debatable topic both in the popular and scholarly media. But what about anti-aircraft missiles? Should they be banned? On the one hand, there are fewer of them around, so their challenge is more tractable. On the other hand, they can do far more damage than handguns. The present paper is an attempt to wrestle with this challenge.Keywords. Gun control, Second amendment, Libertarianism, Anti-aircraft missiles.JEL. K15
Power, Market and Techno-Structure in John Kenneth Galbraith’s Thought
Get PDFAbstract. In this study, the economic thoughts of John Kenneth Galbraith are examined who is one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. For this purpose, Galbraith’s economic thought is dealt with in the context of two heterodox schools for economics which are called as the Institutional Economics and Post Keynesian Economics. Furthermore, the notions of modern company, techno-structure, power, countervailing power, affluent society, dependence effect and consumption culture which are formed Galbraith’s economic thought with reference to economists as Thorstein Veblen, John Maynard Keynes, Joseph Schumpeter and Milton Friedman is analyzed. Galbraith tries to understand the US’s economic, social, and politic changes after World War II with the given notions.Keywords. Modern Company, Countervailing Power, Affluent Society, Techno-Structure, Conventional Wisdom, Planning System, Market System.JEL. D92, E20, F43, N10, O16
Public Attitude to Nuclear Energy from Climate Change and Energy Security Perspectives in Turkey
Get PDFAbstract. Most of the energy-environmental policy studies have argued nuclear energy since the second half of the 20th century as it includes a number of risk factors such as high cost of plant building, radiation, diseases, power plant accidents, nuclear waste, nuclear weapon proliferation and terrorism. The length and severity of the nuclear energy debates vary from country to country based on the several factors, in particular, the economic and social development level of the countries. Due to increasing global environmental concerns such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, natural research depletion, deforestation, ozone layer depletion and recent problems that countries experienced in terms of energy security, especially for such developing countries as Turkey, the governments have relaunched nuclear energy program again and follow their energy policy agenda in spite of occasional anti-nuclear protests in the society. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the public attitude in Turkey to nuclear energy in terms of environmental values like climate change and energy security and at the same time to examine reconciliation of environmental values and energy security with public attitude to nuclear energy. In the literature, many studies concerning environmental values, energy security, and attitudes towards nuclear energy have been conducted for only industrialized countries such as the USA, England, and Japan. However, developing countries with a high energy demand, technical and financial difficulties for low-carbon and renewable energy technology have been neglected, which is the source of inspiration and motivation for this study. The main finding of the study is that environmental values, especially, climate change plays a more important role in public attitude to nuclear energy in the community than energy security, which might be evaluated as an essential input for relevant stakeholders on energy policy in Turkey.Keywords. Nuclear energy, Public attitude, Climate change, Energy security.JEL. O13, Q42, Q54
From Project Based Lending to Policy Based Lending: An Evaluation of Structural Adjustment Lending Policy of World Bank
Get PDFAbstract. World Bank lending policies have seen considerable changes in the last half a century. Though the main objectives of establishment of World Bank after the second World War was to provide financial assistance and participate in the reconstruction of the post war devastated economies but within fifty years of its foundation, World Bank has changed its sole objective from providing project based lending to sectoral interference in the economies with policy prescriptions. This policy shift from the World Bank side has witnessed new programmes of lending called Structural Adjustment Loans. This article reviews the original objectives of the Bank and the transformation towards Structural Adjustment Lending which has changed the basic economic policies of many borrower countries and the economies of the world.Keywords. World Bank, conditionality, Structural Adjustment Loans, Macroeconomic policies.JEL. E44, E62, F35, H81