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Meet & Greet: (Open) Science and Research Data Management
Get PDFThis presentation introduces key concepts, policies, and actors involved in Open Science and Research Data Management across Europe and Spain. It explores how international recommendations, national strategies, and EU frameworks like Horizon Europe and ResearchComp are shaping a more open, transparent, and responsible research ecosystem. The content also addresses FAIR data principles, privacy and intellectual property rights, and the evolving role of libraries in supporting infrastructures and services. Emphasis is placed on skills development, research assessment reform, and enabling practices such as open access, data sharing, and responsible data governance
Re-pensar la educación popular en la contemporaneidad: Ideas claves para identificar el Qué, Cómo y Para qué de una praxis pedagógica latinoamericana
No full textPrograma de Doctorado en Humanidades por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Ángel San Martín Alonso.- Secretaria: Elisa María Povedano Marrugat.- Vocal: Encarnación Pedrero Garcí
A laser ultrasound emitter based on high-power diode laser in overdrive operation mode for biomedical imaging applications
Get PDFThe most common transducers used to generate ultrasound in medical applications are based on short electrical pulses applied to piezoelectric transducers and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers. However, piezoelectric transducers have a limited frequency bandwidth, defined by their physical thickness, and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers have poor transmission efficiency. The high frequency cutoff limits the spatial resolution of ultrasonic images. The low frequency cutoff limits volumetric contrast of objects on ultrasound images so that typically only tissue boundaries are displayed. These limitations can be overcome with laser generated ultrasound. Laser ultrasound generation is based on the optoacoustic effect, which greatly increases the bandwidth of ultrasound signals. We show the generation of ultra-wideband ultrasound pulses using high power diode lasers operating in the overdrive regime, and thin composite films of candle soot in polydimethylsiloxane matrix as transmitters. We achieved a peak pressure of 228.59 kPa and a ultrawive bandwidth of 0.1 MHz-to-30 MHz (6 ≈ 200%) at -6 dB level with an optoacoustic conversion efficiency of 6.27 × 10−3 [Pa/(W/m2)] or 3.35 × 106 [Pa/(mJ/cm2)]. We present a compact and low-cost ultra-wideband laser ultrasound emitter with the possibility to adjust the bandwidth of the transmitted frequency and the ability to generate ultrasonic images in ex-vivo tissues.Funding for APC: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Agreement CRUE-Madroño 2024
Alzheimer's Disease Detection from Speech Using Shapley Additive Explanations for Feature Selection and Enhanced Interpretability
No full textSmart cities provide an ideal framework for the integration of advanced healthcare applications, such as early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) detection that is essential to facilitate timely interventions and slow its progression. In this context, speech analysis, combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, has emerged as a promising approach for the automatic detection of AD, as vocal biomarkers can provide valuable indicators of cognitive decline. The proposed approach focuses on two key goals: minimizing computational overhead while maintaining high accuracy, and improving model interpretability for clinical usability. To enhance efficiency, the framework incorporates a data quality method that removes unreliable speech segments based on duration thresholds and applies Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) to select the most influential acoustic features. SHAP is also used to improve interpretability by providing global and local explanations of model decisions. The final model, that is based on Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), achieves an F1-Score of 0.7692 on the ADReSS dataset, showing good performance and a satisfactory level of clinical utility. This work highlights the potential of explainable AI to bridge machine learning techniques with clinically meaningful insights in the domain of AD detection from speech.This research was funded by the Comunidad de Madrid through grant PEJ-2023-AI/SAL-GL-27629 and the Spanish State Research Agency (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and FEDER, UE through project PID2023-146684NB-I00
Cost-cutting and profit-maximizing. The impact of company decision-makers on immigration coverage
No full textThis paper presents a critical analysis of journalists' relationship with their media companies within the socio-economic and political context of Spain, focusing on the coverage of immigration matters. Drawing on indepth interviews with 21 specialized journalists, we explore the factors that influence the accuracy, balance, and representativeness of the selective and creative processes occurring in newsrooms. The analysis reveals two salient features in media narratives of immigration: cultural essentialism, which simplifies immigrant identities into rigid stereotypes; and institutional parallelism, which aligns media content with political or institutional agendas. These appear to stem from internal challenges, such as limited staffing, cognitive biases, and informational opacity, alongside external pressures, including audience demands and political influences. Findings suggest that ownership and management exert higher influence over the selective and creative processes than the individual input of journalists in the newsroom. Paradoxically, journalists perceive themselves as having a satisfactory creative autonomy, suggesting a disconnection between their subjective experience and the objective realities shaped by managerial or ownership directives. This research emphasizes the increasing impact of decision-makers at the media company on newsroom practices, which, in the context of immigration reporting, tend to prioritize commercial or political agendas over human rights principles, compromising the diffusion of balanced and contextualized information. The study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of media coverage within an evolving and competitive journalism environment
The history of a + 3 °C future: Global and regional drivers of greenhouse gas emissions (1820-2050)
No full textIdentifying the socio-economic drivers behind greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to design mitigation policies. Existing studies predominantly analyze short-term CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, neglecting long-term trends and other GHGs. We examine the drivers of all greenhouse gas emissions between 1820-2050 globally and regionally. The Industrial Revolution triggered sustained emission growth worldwide-initially through fossil fuel use in industrialized economies but also as a result of agricultural expansion and deforestation. Globally, technological innovation and energy mix changes prevented 31 (17-42) Gt CO2e emissions over two centuries. Yet these gains were dwarfed by 81 (64-97) Gt CO2e resulting from economic expansion, with regional drivers diverging sharply: population growth dominated in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, while rising affluence was the main driver of emissions elsewhere. Meeting climate targets now requires the carbon intensity of GDP to decline 3 times faster than the global best 30-year historical rate (-2.25 % per year), which has not improved over the past five decades. Failing such an unprecedented technological change or a substantial contraction of the global economy, by 2050 global mean surface temperatures will rise more than 3 °C above pre-industrial levels.This research has received funding from the following projects and institutions: project PID2021-123220NB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency and by the European Regional Development Fund, awarded to Juan Infante-Amate; project PID2021-124394NB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency and by the European Regional Development Fund, with Emiliano Travieso as a member of the research team; and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program (Starting Grant Project 101115126 "WHEP"), awarded to Eduardo Aguilera. Eduardo Aguilera is also supported by a Ramón y Cajal Grant (RYC2022-037863-I), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency and by the European Social Fund Plus
The effect of void shape on the ductile behavior of tension-compression asymmetric materials
Get PDFThis paper presents an in-depth investigation into how matrix tension-compression asymmetry and initial void shape impact the ductile behavior of porous materials, offering new insights that have not been explored in previous studies. To achieve this, finite element computations in ABAQUS/Standard are used to model three-dimensional unit cells with various void shapes -spherical, oblate, and prolate- embedded in a matrix material characterized by the CPB06 constitutive model, implemented via a UMAT user subroutine. The simulations span a range of stress states with variations in stress triaxiality from 0 to 2 and Lode parameter from −1 to 1, focusing on the evolution of void volume fraction and void geometry. The findings indicate that, while the initial yield locus is found to be similar for spherical and non-spherical (oblate and prolate) voids, significant variations in void growth and shape evolution occur depending on the void shape. Non-spherical voids, especially in materials with pronounced tension-compression asymmetry, exhibit significantly different growth patterns and morphological changes when compared with the spherical case.The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101086342 for the DIAGONAL project (Ductility and Fracture Toughness Analysis of Functionally Graded Materials, HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01 action).The authors also acknowledge the support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Project reference DPI2017-88608-P (Proyectos I+D Excelencia 2017)
Attention in surgical phase recognition for endoscopic pituitary surgery: Insights from real-world data
Get PDFSurgical Phase Recognition systems are used to support the automated documentation of a procedure and to provide the surgical team with real-time feedback, potentially improving surgical outcome and reducing adverse events. The objective of this work is to develop a model for endoscopic pituitary surgery, a challenging procedure for phase recognition due to the high variability in the order of surgical phases.This work is partially funded by Grant TED2021-130944B-C21 by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. Funding for APC Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Agreement CRUE-Madroño 2025)
La mediación en la conciliación de la vida personal, familiar y laboral
No full textPrograma de Doctorado en Derecho por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: José Alberto Revilla González.- Secretaria: Amaya Arnaiz Serrano.- Vocal: Patricia Nieto Roja
Ion current and energy in the magnetic arch of a cluster of two ECR plasma sources
No full textThe feasibility of a novel 'magnetic arch' topology for controlled contactless plasma beam acceleration is experimentally demonstrated using a pair of coaxial electron cyclotron resonance sources with opposing magnetic polarities, such that their respective magnetic nozzles connect to form a closed-line configuration. Retarding potential analyser measurements are taken for a single source and the two sources with the same and opposing polarities, as well as no applied magnetic field, showing that the magnetic arch yields higher maximum ion current and lower plume divergence angle than other alternative configurations, albeit the most probable ion energy is lower than for a single magnetic nozzle, in agreement with existing models. This validation paves the way to clustering magnetic-nozzle-based plasma thrusters for space propulsion.This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ZARATHUSTRA project, grant agreement No 950466). The authors declare no confict of interest