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Spanish labour market, mobility and labour shortages
Get PDFWe use a simple yet powerful approach to investigate the dynamics of worker flows across sectors in the Spanish economy. The method imposes a minimal amount of structure on the data by assuming sector-specific matching functions, and backs out the direction of workers¿ search intensities across sectors using data on realised worker flows and vacancies. We find that aggregate search intensity in Spain has been increasing since the pandemic and has led aggregate labour shortages to be below pre-pandemic levels by 2023. However, this boost of search intensity is directed to industries with low matching efficiencies and job finding rates. As a result, aggregate match formation is near to a 10-years low relative to the number of matches that would result if search intensity was allocated to maximise total matches given the observed vacancy distribution and match efficiencies across sectors.Funding from Fundación BBVA, an impact grant from the University of Edinburgh, and by grants CEX2021- 001181-M and ATR2023-145734 funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 (Unidades de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, and Programa ATRAE, Spanish Government) is gratefully acknowledged
Microscopic fluctuations in the spreading fronts of circular wetting liquid droplets
Get PDFWe study numerically the kinetic roughening properties of the precursor fronts of nonvolatile liquid droplets spreading on solid substrates, for the case of circular droplets, more frequently addressed in experiments. To this end, we perform kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations of a lattice gas model whose kinetic roughening behavior has been recently assessed in a band geometry [J. M. Marcos et al., Phys. Rev. E 105, 054801 (2022)]. We compare the scaling behaviors of the spreading fronts obtained for the two geometries, in view of the occurrence of, for example, different universality subclasses for different growth geometries for the related important Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. For circular droplets, we obtain that the average front position increases (sub)diffusively as ∼, where ≲1/2 shows a stronger dependence on the conditions considered for temperature and substrate wettability than in band geometry. In spite of this, front fluctuations for circular droplets behave qualitatively similar to those seen for band geometries, with kinetic roughening exponent values which similarly depend on temperature but become -independent for sufficiently high . Circular droplets also display intrinsic anomalous scaling with different values of the roughness exponent at short and large length scales, and fluctuations statistics which are close to the Tracy-Widom probability distribution function that applies in the corresponding KPZ universality subclass, now the one expected for interfaces with an overall circular symmetry.This work was partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain, 10.13039/501100011033), and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, A way of making Europe) through Grants No. PID2020-112936GB-I00, No. PGC2018-094763-B-I00, and No. PID2021-123969NB-I00, and by the Junta de Extremadura (Spain) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU) through Grants No. GR21014 and No. IB20079. J. M. Marcos is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for a predoctoral fellowship No. FPU2021-01334. We have run our simulations in the computing facilities of the Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada de Extremadura (ICCAEx)
Libro de actas del IX Congreso Internacional de Derecho inmobiliario
No full textGrabaciones del congreso. Día 20 de mayo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZREItQuBHw
Día 21 de mayo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXG_LJroNlUEntidades Organizadoras: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidad Central de chile; Cátedra Iberoamericana de Derecho Inmobiliario UC3M-UCEN; Grupo de Investigación DERINRE de la UC3M. Colaboradores: Colegio de Registradores de España y LABDINTEC (UCEM).Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/FEDER/Agencia: Proyecto PID 2021-124961-NB-10020121Retos del proyectista. Límites en la responsabilidad / Ángel Juárez Torrejón (pp. 13-15). -- Entidades de control (ECCE) y laboratorios de calidad (LCCE) hoy / Nicols Galleguillos Ávila (pp. 16-17). -- La Responsabilidad en la construcción en Chile / Marco Antonio Sepúlveda Larroucau (pp. 18-19). -- Responsabilidad civil de los nuevos agentes de la edificación. Análisis actual entre
la carencia de unicidad y la necesaria pluralidad de causas / Luis E. Bardón Rubio y Antonio E. Humero Martín (pp. 20-22). -- El nuevo modelo de licencias básicas y de declaraciones responsables del Ayuntamiento de Madrid y el Registro de la Propiedad / Ángel Valero Fernández-Reyes (pp. 23-25). -- La Inteligencia Artificial en la edificación y concretamente en el campo de las valoraciones inmobiliaria / Antonio Eduardo Humero Martín (pp. 26-27). -- El Proyecto de Ley de Regulación Ética de la Inteligencia Artificial y la Robótica y su impacto en el sector inmobiliario / Eduardo Rocha Nuñez (pp. 28-29). -- Nuevas tecnologías e Inteligencia Artificial en la Construcción / Carlos Bascou Benjerodt (p. 30). -- Metodología BIM en los permisos de construcción / Marta Parro Pérez (p. 31). -- Nuevas tecnologías y su influencia en la edificación. BIM y Facility Management / Francisco García Benítez y Montserrat Castellanos Moreno (p. 32). -- Nuevos agentes de la edificación en la construcción: Lean Construction Manager & Risk Manager / Manuel I. Feliu Rey y Alejandro Zornoza Somolinos (pp. 33-34). -- Registro de la Propiedad y Tokenización / Jimena Campuzano Gómez-Acebo (pp. 35-36). -- Edificación y Registro en Chile / Santiago D. Zárate González (p. 37). -- El Registro de la Propiedad y la construcción en Perú / Gilberto Mendoza del Maestro (pp. 39-40). -- Afectación del Derecho de propiedad en sectores sociales en vulnerabilidad en Perú / Gladys M. Luján Espinoza (p. 41
Subjective well-being and inequality in Spain's decline
Get PDFThe economic decline of Early Modern Spain offers an opportunity to explore how it affected perceptions of welfare and inequality. We provide an answer based on the Bull of the Crusade, an inexpensive alms collected by the Hispanic Monarchy and massively purchased by a highly religious population that believed in its spiritual benefits. The purchase of the bull represented a public practice of religion that captured people's religiosity and belief in the afterlife and had a positive impact on their spiritual well-being. We find that our measure of spiritual well-being-the ratio of (normalized) bulls sold to their recipients (the population aged 12 and above)-deteriorated in the late 1570s and 1580s and the 1640s but improved during the 1670s, while subjective inequality-the ratio between the number of bulls sold to those who deemed themselves affluent and those sold to common individuals-increased from 1600-1640 and fell in the 1580s and early 1590s and the 1670s. Hence, improving (deteriorating) subjective well-being was accompanied by declining (improving) subjective inequality through the seventeenth century.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Agreement CRUE-Madroño 2024)
Elucidating hemodynamics and neuro-glio-vascular signaling using rodent fMRI
No full textDespite extensive functional mapping studies using rodent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), interpreting the fMRI signals in relation to their neuronal origins remains challenging due to the hemodynamic nature of the response. Ultra high-resolution rodent fMRI, beyond merely enhancing spatial specificity, has revealed vessel-specific hemodynamic responses, highlighting the distinct contributions of intracortical arterioles and venules to fMRI signals. This ‘single-vessel’ fMRI approach shifts the paradigm of rodent fMRI, enabling its integration with other neuroimaging modalities to investigate neuro-glio-vascular (NGV) signaling underlying a variety of brain dynamics. Here, we review the emerging trend of combining multimodal fMRI with opto/chemogenetic neuromodulation and genetically encoded biosensors for cellular and circuit-specific recording, offering unprecedented opportunities for cross-scale brain dynamic mapping in rodent models.We thank Grace Yu for her assistance with language editing. Funding sources include the Alzheimer’s Association (ARFD-23-1145375 to X.Z.), National Institutes of Health (NIH) (RF1NS124778, R01NS122904, R21NS121642 to X.A.Y.
Finite-size corrections from the subleading magnetic scaling field for the Ising and Potts models in two dimensions
No full textIn finite-size scaling analyses of critical phenomena, proper consideration of correction terms, which can come from different sources, plays an important role. For the Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation of the Q-state Potts model in two dimensions, although the subleading magnetic scaling field, with exactly known exponent, is theoretically ex-pected to give rise to finite-size-scaling analyses, numerical observation remains elusive, probably due to the mixing of various corrections. We simulate the O(n) loop model on the hexagonal lattice, which is in the same universality class as the Q = n2 Potts model but has suppressed corrections from other sources and provides strong numerical evidence for the attribution of the subleading magnetic field in finite-size corrections. Interestingly, it is also observed that the corrections in small- and large-cluster-size regions have opposite magnitudes, and, for the special n = 2 case, they compensate with each other in observables like the second moment of the cluster-size distribution. Our finding reveals that the effect of the subleading magnetic field should be taken into account in finite-size-scaling analyses, which was unfortunately ignored in many previous studies.This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (under Grant No. 12275263), the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (under grant No. 2021ZD0301900), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (under Grant No. 2023J02032)
Optimal stopping of Gauss-Markov bridges
No full textWe solve the non-discounted, finite-horizon optimal stopping problem of a Gauss-Markov bridge by using a time-space transformation approach. The associated optimal stopping boundary is proved to be Lipschitz continuous on any closed interval that excludes the horizon, and it is characterized by the unique solution of an integral equation. A Picard iteration algorithm is discussed and implemented to exemplify the numerical computation and geometry of the optimal stopping boundary for some illustrative cases.The authors acknowledge support from the grants PID2020-116694GB-I00 (first and second authors) and PID2021-124051NB-I00 (third author), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by ERDF: A Way of Making Europe. The third author acknowledges support from the Convocatoria de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid de Ayudas para la Recualificación del Sistema Universitario Español para 2021-2023, funded by Spain's Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
Editors-in-chief in social sciences: Mapping the institutional, geographical, and gender representation between academic fields
No full textThis study systematically maps the network structure of the editors-in-chief in social sciences journals, focusing on their gender representation, geographical distribution, and institutional composition. Drawing upon large-scale data from 3,320 JCR-ranked journals of 57 different fields in the social sciences (4,868 editors-in-chief from 1,485 affiliations of 71 countries), the study aims to illustrate the current connections of editorial leadership in social sciences. Findings reveal that two countries¿the U.S. and the U.K.¿and their institutions shape almost all fields of the social sciences, with institutions from other geographies, particularly non-English-speaking countries, being substantially underrepresented. However, there is no central institution that dominates across all fields, but within dominant geographies, a reduced number of different affiliations prevail in the most important intellectual terrains. In terms of gender representation, there is a significant imbalance across all dimensions under study. Male editors-in-chief outnumber females across most fields (66.67%), countries (76.60%), and affiliations (63.16%). All in all, by critically mapping the connections of editors-in-chief in social sciences journals, this study seeks to advance our understanding of the current structure of editorial governance and, in turn, stimulate initiatives aimed at fostering a more representative leadership in social science, keeping levels of scientific excellence constant
Adaptive posterior distributions for uncertainty analysis of covariance matrices in Bayesian inversion problems for multioutput signals
No full textIn this paper we address the problem of performing Bayesian inference for the parameters of a nonlinear multioutput model and the covariance matrix of the different output signals. We propose an adaptive importance sampling (AIS) scheme for multivariate Bayesian inversion problems, which is based in two main ideas: the variables of interest are split in two blocks and the inference takes advantage of known analytical optimization formulas. We estimate both the unknown parameters of the multivariate non-linear model and the covariance matrix of the noise. In the first part of the proposed inference scheme, a novel AIS technique called adaptive target adaptive importance sampling (ATAIS) is designed, which alternates iteratively between an IS technique over the parameters of the non-linear model and a frequentist approach for the covariance matrix of the noise. In the second part of the proposed inference scheme, a prior density over the covariance matrix is considered and the cloud of samples obtained by ATAIS are recycled and re-weighted to obtain a complete Bayesian study over the model parameters and covariance matrix. ATAIS is the main contribution of the work. Additionally, the inverted layered importance sampling (ILIS) is presented as a possible compelling algorithm (but based on a conceptually simpler idea). Different numerical examples show the benefits of the proposed approaches.The work was partially supported by the Young Researchers R&D Project, ref. num. F861 (AUTO-BA-GRAPH) funded by the Community of Madrid and Rey Juan Carlos University, and by Agencia Estatal de Investigación AEI (project SP-GRAPH, ref. num. PID2019-105032GB-I00)
Bounds for the Gutman-Milovanovic index and some applications
Get PDFIn this paper, we examine the Gutman-Milovanovic index and establish new upper and lower bounds for it. These bounds include terms related to the general sum connectivity index, the general second Zagreb index, and the hyperbolicity constant of the underlying graph. Also, we model physicochemical properties of polyaromatic hydrocarbons using the Gutman-Milovanovic index.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.. The research of third author (Y.Q.) has been partially supported by Grant CEX2019-000904-S, funded by: MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033