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Disinformation and natural disasters. The case of the 2024 Valencia floods
Get PDFEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la desinformación relacionada con la dana - Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos - en España en el mes de octubre de 2024. El período de estudio se estableció desde el 29 de octubre (fecha de la catástrofe) hasta el 17 de noviembre del mismo año y se analizaron las verificaciones publicadas por cuatro de las principales organizaciones de fact-checking españolas: Newtral, Verificat, Efe Verifica y Maldita. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, entre los objetivos específicos de esta investigación figuran: 1. Estudiar la evolución temporal de las narrativas de desinformación en los 20 días posteriores al evento. 2. Analizar el papel de actores influyentes y creadores de contenido en redes sociales en la diseminación de bulos sobre la dana. El estudio concluyó que la difusión de desinformación siguió un patrón típico de las crisis, con una mayor intensidad en los días inmediatamente posteriores a la catástrofe. Las redes sociales fueron el principal canal de circulación, con especial protagonismo de determinados perfiles influyentes. Las narrativas predominantes apuntaron a la gestión institucional y contribuyeron a generar un clima de desconfianza, alarma y polarización. La investigación también puso de relieve la relevancia de las estrategias de verificación y de la respuesta institucional para frenar la propagación de bulos. En conjunto, los resultados destacan la necesidad de fortalecer la alfabetización mediática y la coordinación entre plataformas, medios y administraciones públicas en contextos de emergencia.Estudio financiado por el proyecto IBERIFIER Plus, cofinanciado por la Comisión Europea bajo la convocatoria DIGITAL-2023-DEPLOY-04, European Digital Media observatory (EDMO) – National and multinational hubs, Referencia: IBERIFIER Plus - 101158511
Procesado automático de CVs con IA para selección de personal
No full textEl documento que aquí se presenta contiene la investigación y el desarrollo de un sistema de procesado automático de currículums con Inteligencia Artificial para selección de personal en la empresa Exceltic.
El sistema propuesto comprende diferentes fases, que incluyen la subida y validación de los documentos, el procesado y la extracción en categorías de información obtenida de texto e imágenes, la clasificación de los candidatos en etiquetas internamente definidas por la empresa y la creación de un chatbot que permita al personal de recursos humanos interactuar con la base de datos de candidatos.
Para llevar a cabo este proyecto se han explorado diferentes áreas de la Inteligencia Artificial, tanto comprendidas en el Estado del Arte como en el propio desarrollo de modelos para tareas específicas y sistemas de flujos complejos.
El resultado final es un sistema que, tras recibir un currículum, es capaz de realizar todo el proceso de análisis y alimentación de una base de datos SQL con el objetivo de que el personal de selección disponga automáticamente de la información de los candidatos, consiguiendo ahorrar tiempo y recursos en el procesado manual de los currículums.
Espero que este proyecto, desarrollado durante más de cuatro meses, sirva de primer paso para Exceltic dentro de la Inteligencia Artificial y que usted, lector, disfrute del aprendizaje tanto como yo lo he hecho.Doble Grado en Ingeniería Informática y Administración de Empresa
Feature and functional form selection in additive models via mixed-integer optimization
Get PDFFeature selection is a recurrent research topic in modern regression analysis, which strives to build interpretable models, using sparsity as a proxy, without sacrificing predictive power. The best subset selection problem is central to this statistical task: it has the goal of identifying the subset of covariates of a given size that provides the best fit in terms of an empirical loss function. In this work, we address the problem of feature and functional form selection in additive regression models under a mathematical optimization lens. Penalized splines (splines) are used to estimate the smooth functions involved in the regression equation, which allow us to state the feature selection problem as a cardinality-constrained mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP) in terms of both linear and non-linear covariates. To strengthen this MIQP formulation, we develop tight bounds for the regression coefficients. A matheuristic approach, which encompasses the use of a preprocessing step, the construction of a warm-start solution, the MIQP formulation and the large neighborhood search metaheuristic paradigm, is proposed to handle larger instances of the feature and functional form selection problem. The performance of the exact and the matheuristic approaches are compared in simulated data. Furthermore, our matheuristic is compared to other methodologies in the literature that have publicly available implementations, using both simulated and real-world data. We show that the stated approach is competitive in terms of predictive power and in the selection of the correct subset of covariates with the appropriate functional form. A public Python library is available with all the implementations of the methodologies developed in this paper.This paper is part of the grant IJC2020-045220-I and I+D+i projects CNS2023-144260, PDC2022-133359-I00 and PID2022-13724OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, first second and third also by European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR and fourth by FEDER/UE, and project IND2020/TIC-17526, funded by Comunidad de Madrid, Spain . Funding for APC: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Agreement CRUE-Madroño 2024). This support is gratefully acknowledged
Justicia procesal en victimización sexual: un estudio cualitativo de sentencias (2019-2023)
No full textLa violencia sexual constituye una de las vulneraciones más graves de Derechos Fundamentales, con profundas repercusiones individuales en las víctimas y sociales. Su abordaje exige no solo un riguroso análisis jurídico, sino también una comprensión multidimensional que integre perspectivas sociales, psicológicas y éticas. En un contexto donde la justicia procesal enfrenta críticas recurrentes por su lentitud, opacidad y, en ocasiones, revictimización, resulta imperativo generar evidencia empírica que ilumine las prácticas judiciales y promueva reformas basadas en datos concretos. Este libro es una contribución pionera en este campo, al ofrecer un análisis exhaustivo de sentencias judiciales dictadas en las distintas Comunidades Autónomas, explorando cómo el sistema legal responde a las víctimas de violencia sexual.Esta publicación se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación nacional “VISPRO – Victimización sexual y proceso penal: percepción, protección, participación y reparación”. 2024-2027. Referencia: PID2023-150974OB-I00INTRODUCCIÓN (pp. 9-10). -- I. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Andalucía / María Cabrerizo Álvarez, Sofía Perpiñá Izquierdo, Marta Marín Alonso, Andrea Gutiérrez Álvarez (pp. 11-92). -- II. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Aragón / María Trujillo Rodríguez (pp. 93-112). -- III. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Asturias / Julia Rebate Perales (pp. 113-130). -- IV. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Baleares / Emilio Rivas Alonso (pp. 131-148). -- V. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Canarias, Ceuta y Melilla / María Carracedo Vicente, Ignacio Pallarés Marín (pp. 149-182). -- VI. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Cantabria y La Rioja / Rodrigo Esteban Alfageme (pp. 183-202). -- VII. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Castilla y León / Víctor Martínez Ortega, Ainhoa Sierra López (pp. 209-238). -- VIII. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Castilla La-Mancha / Víctor Serrano Rojo (pp. 239-260). -- IX. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Cataluña / Andrea Moreno Moreno, Blanca Perea Fernández, Irene Achaerandio Sánchez-Marín, Patricia Castillo Herrero (pp. 261-330). -- X. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en la Comunitat Valenciana / Sebastián Guiard Pisani, Belén de la Fuente Lizarraga, Marta de Vera Pérez (pp. 331-390). -- XI. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Extremadura / Cristina Soto Álvaro (pp. 391-404). -- XII. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Galicia / Pastoriza Barreiro, Jaime Nidam Romero (pp. 405-440). -- XIII. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en Madrid / Alicia Ovejero Ortega, Laura Indiano Menéndez, Javier González Sarasúa (pp. 441-492). -- XIV. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en la Región de Murcia / Jacobina Ruiz Pareja (pp. 493-518). -- XV. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra / Inés Raya Takahashi (pp. 519-536). -- XVI. Justicia procesal en victimización sexual en el País Vasco / María Cía del Toro (pp. 537-557). -- CONCLUSIONES (pp. 558-561
Identification of Nonlinearity Sources in a Flexible Wing
No full textHigh aspect ratio flexible wings are of increasing interest for enhancing the aerodynamic efficiency of future designs. However, they often exhibit nonlinear dynamic behavior, complicating both testing and analysis. This paper presents a novel framework aimed at identifying the sources of such nonlinearities, focusing on a wing that previously displayed softening behavior during previous ground vibration test campaigns. The framework combines nonlinear modal analysis, backbone curve extraction from free-decay data, and advanced time-frequency analysis using superlets, which provide higher resolution than conventional methods. This analysis confirmed the softening behavior observed in earlier tests. Further testing, visual inspections, and center of mass and shear center calculations were performed to pinpoint the primary sources of nonlinearity. The results show that torsional moments, caused by misalignment between the center of mass and the excitation force, are the dominant contributors to the wing nonlinear response. The main contribution of this work is the development of a comprehensive framework that addresses the complexities of nonlinear behavior in high aspect ratio flexible wings. In addition, this is the first instance in which superlets are employed for the time-frequency analysis of mechanical systems.The authors from Cranfield University would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for supporting the research, authorship, and publication of this article (Grant No. 2277626)
Effect of instantaneous overcurrent functions on optimal coordination of directional overcurrent protections
No full textThis short article shows that the inclusion of Instantaneous Directional Over-Current Protections (IDOCP) on Optimal Coordination of Directional Over-Current Protections (OC-DOCP) can improve the speed of Time-Delay Directional Over-Current Protections (TDDOCP). The selectivity constraints must be modified to consider that backup TDDOCP must be slower than main IDOCP for currents greater than main IDOCP pickup, and also must be slower than main TDDOCP for currents smaller than main IDOCP pickup. The numerical examples show speed improvements for different types of time-overcurrent curves
RMS Modeling and Control of a Grid-Forming E-STATCOM for Power System Stability in Isolated Grids
Get PDFThis paper presents a comprehensive RMS-based phasorial model of an E-STATCOM with grid-forming (GFM) control, designed to improve power system stability in isolated grids. Unlike previous approaches, this model integrates a governor with an internal power system stabilizer (PSS) and an active current limiter (ACL) to enhance frequency regulation and mitigate oscillations. Additionally, an exciter with a nonlinear modulation function is introduced to optimize voltage regulation and reactive power support. A detailed conventional supercapacitor (SC) model is also incorporated, enabling dynamic DC-voltage control based on active power variations, improving frequency stability. The proposed E-STATCOM RMS model includes algebraic equations, dynamic governor and exciter models, supercapacitor-based energy storage control, and an advanced current-limiting strategy. Simulations are conducted on the Fuerteventura–Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) power system, comparing the E-STATCOM with a synchronous condenser (SynCon) in frequency response, voltage regulation, and fault performance. The results show that the E-STATCOM improves frequency stabilization and energy efficiency while complying with grid codes. This study introduces a novel RMS-based modeling approach for GFM E-STATCOMs, bridging the gap between theoretical phasorial analysis and real-world applications. The findings confirm that E-STATCOMs are a viable alternative to SynCons, enhancing grid stability in high-renewable-penetration systems.This work was supported by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) under Grant TED2021-130468B-I00 MCIN/AEI/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. NextGenerationEU/PRTR: Contribution of grid forming converters to power system stability and operability with high penetration of renewable energy sources(GFM-RES), Grant PDC2022-133349-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. “Proof of Concept of Grid-Forming Converters providing Power System Restoration Services (PdC-GFM)”
Rulings of the Constitutional Court handed down during the third four-month period of 2024
No full textPasado un año desde su publicación, los trabajos de la REDC quedarán bajo la licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 España (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 ES), que implica que el artículo y la nota de investigación pueda copiarse, distribuirse y comunicarse públicamente con la única restricción de que en los créditos se reconozca explícitamente al autor y la obra bajo la forma establecida por éste, sin derecho a su explotación comercial y la elaboración de obras derivadas
An Enhanced Virtualized Control and Key Management Model for QKD Networks
No full textThe advent of softwarization and disaggregated architectures has transformed modern communication networks, sparking innovation by separating network functionalities from the underlying hardware. Following this trend, in future quantum networks, the virtualization and softwarization of critical components will be essential to achieve global interoperability and enhance adaptability. Virtualization allows for the abstraction of hardware resources, making it easier to manage and scale networks dynamically, while softwarization promotes flexibility, reconfigurability, and interoperability by enabling the use of standardized, software-defined protocols that can be easily updated and modified to work across diverse and evolving network environments. In this paper, we introduce and examine an operational model for QKD networks that leverages the virtualization of control and key management functionalities. We detail its elements and procedures to optimize QKD services. The design paves the way for the integration of quantum network with functions already established in modern mobile networks while adhering to established QKD network standards. The proposed operational model has been validated at the 5G Telefonica Open Network Innovation Centre (5TONIC) using an environment that deploys digital twins of QKD networks.This work was supported in part by the Project MadQuantum-CM, funded by the Regional Government of Madrid, the Spanish Government through the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, and the European Union through the NextGeneration EU funds; in part by the EU Horizon Europe projects Quantum-Oriented Update to Browsers and Infrastructures for the PQ transition (QUBIP) under Grant 101119746; and in part by the Quantum Security Networks Partnership (QSNP) under Grant 101114043
Future-proofing cities against negative city mobility and public health impacts of impending natural hazards: a system dynamics modelling study
Get PDF[Background] The world faces increasing risk from more frequent and larger scale natural hazards, including infectious disease outbreaks (IDOs) and climate change-related extreme weather events (EWEs). These natural hazards are expected to have adverse mobility and public health impacts, with people living in cities especially vulnerable. Little is known about how transport systems can be optimally designed to make cities more resilient to these hazards. Our aim was to investigate how cities’ transport systems, and their resulting mobility patterns, affect their capabilities to mitigate mobility and health impacts of future large-scale IDOs and EWEs.
[Methods] System dynamics modelling was used to investigate how different city mobility scenarios can affect the health and mobility impacts of four plausible future IDO and EWE (flooding) shocks in three cities: Belfast, UK; Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and Delhi, India. Three city mobility scenarios with incremental degrees of modal shift towards active travel (private motor vehicle volume reduced to 50% and 20% of total road trip volume in vision 1 and 2, and motor vehicle volume [including buses] reduced to 20% of total road trip volume in vision 3) were tested. For each city and each IDO and EWE shock, we estimated the percentage of deaths prevented in visions 1, 2, and 3, relative to the reference scenario, as well as changes in mode share over time.
[Findings] In all scenarios, all cities showed reduced susceptibility to flooding, with 4–50% of deaths potentially prevented, depending on case city, city mobility, and EWE scenario. The more ambitious the transition towards healthier city mobility patterns, the greater the resilience against flooding. Only vision 3 (the most ambitious transition) showed reduced vulnerability to IDOs, with 6–19% of deaths potentially prevented. Evolution of mode shares varied greatly across cities and mobility scenarios under the IDO shocks.
[Interpretation] Our results emphasise the importance of well designed, forward-thinking urban transport systems that make cities more resilient and reduce the impact of future public health-related and climate-related threats.
[Funding] UK Prevention Research Partnership, UK Economic and Social Research Council, UK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, Australian Research Council, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and Health and Social Care Research and Development Office Northern Ireland.LG is supported by funding from the UK Prevention Research Partnership (UKPRP; MR/V049704/1), Economic and Social Research Council (ES/V016075/1), and the UK Medical Research Council and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (MRC-NHMRC; MR/T038934/1). MH is supported by funding from UKPRP (MR/V049704/1). LL is supported by funding from UKPRP (MR/V049704/1). CM is supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Centre on non-communicable diseases and Environmental Change using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research (NIHR 203247). JT is supported by funding from the Australian Research Council (FT220100650, DP200100399, DE180101411, and DP230100585) and NHMRC (1194959, APP2002905, and 2007062). RW is supported by funding from UKPRP (MR/V049704/1). SA is supported by a Rutherford Fellowship from the Health and Social Care Research and Development Office Northern Ireland (STL/5528/19). KAN is supported by funding from the NHMRC (1194959). BZ-D is supported by funding from the NHMRC (APP1192788). RFH is supported by funding from the UKPRP (MR/V049704/1), Economic and Social Research Council (ES/V016075/1), and MRC-NHMRC (MR/T038934/1)