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Eighteenth-century solo soprano cantatas: A study of Christoph Graupner’s (1683-1760) style and contribution to this genre
Get PDFThe Baroque composer Christoph Graupner (1683-1760) worked as the Kapellmeister for the Hesse-Darmstadt court from 1709 to his death in 1760. A prolific composer of several genres of music, including operas, concertos, sinfonias and many other instrumental works, Graupner wrote over 1,400 sacred cantatas for use in the court chapel’s weekly services. In this study I will examine a small, but significant, segment of Graupner’s cantata oeuvre; the forty-eight solo soprano cantatas. The purpose of this study is to examine Graupner’s compositional techniques for these cantatas and to report on his progressive style, particularly in regards to stile galant. Using John White’s methodology, a detailed musical analysis of thirteen solo soprano cantatas is given in chapters two and three, along with broader structural and stylistic analysis of all forty-eight solo soprano cantatas. Chapter three also highlights the instrumentation of several solo soprano arias within selected SATB chorus cantatas. Chapter four considers the six sopranos employed during Graupner’s tenure and examines the tessitura and range of a selection of cantatas. Chapter four also investigates the role of the basso continuo in solo soprano cantatas and the influence of opera on Graupner’s cantata compositional style. Chapter five details the performative considerations for the thirteen solo soprano cantatas presented over four public recitals during this study. Performance methodology by Sarah Fuller, Brad Haseman, and Margaret Kartomi is employed in order to reflect on the aspects of both listening and performing the music of Graupner, in a modern twenty-first century setting
Assessing hydrogen intergration in steam boilers: A comparative analysis of different energy sources for decarbonisation
No full textNew Zealand has a goal to achieve carbon zero emissions by year 2050. Fossil fuels are still the main energy sources for steam boilers which are important elements in the process heat sector. Therefore, it is quite important to decarbonise the process heat sector by using low carbon energy sources, such as green hydrogen, grid sourced hydrogen, blue hydrogen, hydrogen blend, wood pellets and electricity. In this research, a comparative analysis of these energy sources is conducted to find out the difference between fuel options in terms of carbon emission reduction, conversion efficiency and the levelised cost of energy. The outcome is that wood pellet boiler system has the best performance with the lowest carbon emission factor from energy delivered to plant, high overall energy conversion efficiency, and low levelised cost of energy. Further analysis was conducted to find out how the real-time prices of grid electricity impact the levelised cost carbon emissions of energy for grid sourced hydrogen systems. It found that levelised cost of energy of grid sourced hydrogen is less than the one of natural gas boiler system, when spot electricity prices are less than 37.98 NZD/MWh with carbon price at 70 NZD/tCO2-e. Also, grid sourced hydrogen brings more carbon emissions if it is generated by using the real-time grid electricity with higher prices. The real-time carbon emissions factor and annual carbon emission factor affect the annual amount of carbon emissions and carbon costs when applied to real world case studies of steam boiler systems. The total annual amount of carbon emissions calculated using the average annual carbon emissions factor from the official source was less than that calculated by real-time carbon emission factor for the case studies considered. That would have implications for the carbon costs paid for by companies. Correlations among the electricity spot price, active lake storage and real-time carbon emissions factor of grid electricity was also found. Low carbon emissions factor of grid electricity occurred most often when the electricity spot price was low and high active lake storage level were available
Dual language books in a secondary classroom: Raising awareness of culture and language
No full textDual language picturebooks refer to picturebooks which contain two or more languages. These books are most readily recognised as bilingual, where the story is told in two languages in the same book, but they may also appear as the same story told in different languages in separate books, or have two or more languages woven together throughout the text. The illustrations in dual language picturebooks can be drawn from the appropriate cultures, further enriching the story. Research into picturebooks has been conducted internationally with early childhood and primary aged children, but none has been conducted with secondary (13-18 years old) school students. This thesis paper describes the first research into how dual language picturebooks are perceived by secondary students and their teacher in a single sex school in Aotearoa New Zealand. The ways that the students engaged with the text are also examined. The research found that both students and teachers showed a growing appreciation for dual language picturebooks over the research sessions. Students demonstrated theory of mind and critical language awareness through engagement with the stories, and showed a preference for translingual picturebooks. Implications for teachers are also discussed
Submarine channelforms and fans in the Miocene Moki and Mount Messenger formations, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
No full textTaranaki Basin (New Zealand) contains a Late Cretaceous – Cenozoic sedimentary succession up to 9 kilometres thick. Neogene strata are volumetrically a significant part of the basin fill. During the late-Middle Miocene a new sediment source, arising from the onset of uplift and erosion of the Southern Alps mountain belt, supplied the basin with copious sediment, continuing to the Recent. This resulted in the development of a northwestward prograding shelf-slope wedge within the basin. The Moki and Mount Messenger formations accumulated as sandstone strata within mudstone (Manganui Formation) and display obvious sediment conduits (i.e. canyons, channels and gullies) in seismic reflection profiles. Past studies considered that these conduits pass through submarine fans, while in reality fans occur basinward of the mouths of the sediment conduits. This thesis study leverages seismic reflection data and applies seismic stratigraphy and seismic geomorphology, integrated with analysis of wireline logs, core, and outcrops, to better understand the occurrence of sediment conduits and fans within the Moki and Mount Messenger formations. Results show that in southern Taranaki Basin, increased sediment influx resulted in steepening of the continental slope, changing the morphometrics of sediment conduits. Critical analysis of data generated here forced the dismissal of all published fans associated with these sandstone formations. Rather, two new Late Miocene submarine fans have been mapped in deep-water western Taranaki Basin towards the head of the New Caledonia Basin. New paleogeographic maps for the Middle and Late Miocene have been drawn that display the sediment conduits and new fans
Representations of Domestic Violence in Pakistani Television News and Activist Campaigns: Perspectives from Journalists, Women's Rights Campaigners, and Audiences
No full textThis thesis offers an in-depth examination of the representation of domestic violence news on television channels and in activists’ campaigns in Pakistan from the perspective of journalists, women’s rights activists, and audiences. It is a compilation of five studies; three investigate the perspectives of Pakistani television news journalists regarding representation, professional ethics, and journalistic imperatives involved in domestic violence news reporting. The fourth study examines the viewpoints of Pakistani women’s rights activists regarding domestic violence news coverage and how activist campaigns represent the issue in their efforts to highlight and prevent this kind of violence. The fifth study is centred on Pakistani audiences’ responses to news media reporting of domestic violence and materials designed to draw attention to women’s rights issues including campaigns against domestic violence. Together, these studies provide important insights into the as yet largely unexamined issue of how domestic violence is portrayed in television news and activists’ campaign materials in Pakistan. Research for this thesis was conducted using qualitative methodological approaches. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with television news journalists and women’s rights activists, and four focus groups with Pakistani television news audiences. Eleven experienced Pakistani television news journalists were interviewed to explore: how Pakistani television news media represent domestic violence; how reporting is perceived to reflect ethical practices; and which journalistic imperatives are involved in the selection of news. Five Pakistani women’s rights activists were interviewed to explore their views about domestic violence reporting in mainstream media and how they address domestic violence violence in the course of their activism. To understand audience responses to domestic violence reporting on television news and women’s rights activists’ campaigns, 22 participants (11 females and 11 males) constituting focus groups representing higher, middle, and lower socioeconomic backgrounds were recruited. All four focus groups were conducted in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. The research findings demonstrate how socio-cultural factors and ethical practices shape Pakistani journalists, activists, and audience understanding of domestic violence. Even though domestic violence has been criminalised in Pakistan, television news channels do not prioritise it in primetime reporting unless the incident is particularly horrific or involves well known named individuals. The coverage is predominantly incident-based and relies on limited sources. The research findings highlighted that there are no written guidelines or training for the coverage of domestic violence. At most, journalists do not disclose the victim’s identity, though this is not consistently practised. Consent is also often bypassed and data gathering practices can be unethical. Pakistani activists and audiences were of the view that coverage of domestic violence provided by television news is limited and sensational, while Pakistani audiences expressed appreciation for women’s rights campaign materials initiating educated and transformative debate about the endemic and structural social nature of women subjugation. Women’s rights activists cited patriarchal cultural practices and an unresponsive state as factors that contribute towards the widespread abuse of women in the country, and perceive the news media to be only interested in generating controversy and ratings. This thesis identifies an urgent need to develop comprehensive ethical guidelines and training programmes for responsible reporting of domestic violence on television news channels in Pakistan. Dialogue between decision makers in television news organisations and women’s rights activists should be initiated to shift the focus of the news agenda towards promoting better awareness and understanding of the causes and consequences of domestic violence in Pakistan
Optimisation of renewable energy resources in New Zealand for process heat: An economic and supply assessment
No full textA significant amount of New Zealand’s greenhouse gases are emitted through the use of fossil fuels to generate process heat. New Zealand is well-placed to provide renewable energy for process heat, with a well-established plantation forestry industry that generates large amounts of renewable biomass fuel sources, and a high percentage of renewables in the electricity generation stack. Biomass and electricity could be used to reduce and eliminate reliance on fossil fuels. The important criteria for these fuel switches are to ensure that they are economic and have sufficient supply over the coming decades.
This thesis presents a method to model and optimise the allocation of resources to give foresight around the extent biomass can provide economic process heat across regions in New Zealand. A diverse range of case studies was employed, encompassing individual sites, regional energy systems, and the South Island. These case studies were modelled and optimised in P-Graph studio and examination of the results gave key insights into several important areas: regional diversity in energy supply and demand, impact of the demand scale and temperature profile, and finally demonstrated the economic potential of interregional transport of energy dense biomass to alleviate supply deficits and reduce the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE).
The largest impact on the LCOE was the temperature profile of the heat demand. The more heat demand below 100°C, the lower the final cost of energy. This was due to the high Coefficient of Performance of High Temperature Heat Pumps (HTHP), which were the ubiquitous fuel switching choice for below 100°C heat demand, providing LCOEs under 11 /GJ. For heat demand above 100°C, biomass was the dominant choice as it provided much better economics. However, there was a wide range of LCOEs for biomass energy. This was caused by the wide range of resource, collection, and transport costs for the various biomass sources. These LCOEs ranged from 13 – 14 /GJ for low grade export logs.
As the size of a plant or region increases, the demand exhausts the supply of low cost biomass and must source from a larger radius, or from more costly biomass sources. This resulted in a large spread of LCOEs for the regions in the South Island, with Otago, the West Coast, and Nelson-Marlborough seeing some of the lowest weighted average LCOEs for above 100°C heat demand of between 20 and 22 /GJ for 2023.
A key trend was established that regions with higher biomass supply saw lower LCOEs for heat demand above 100°C. Interregional transport of energy dense biomass was able to reduce the LCOE in the three regions of high demand and low biomass availability, bringing the weighted average for above 100° demand down to between 25 and 27 $/GJ for 2023. The use of interregional transport also saw the proportion of biomass used for heat demand above 100°C rise from 60% to over 90% in 2023. Supply constraints impact the use of biomass in 2037 and see the maximum economic use of biomass in heat demands above 100°C drop to 72%
Oli Aenaguri’ai: An ethnography of socio-ecological relations and contemporary change in Baelelea, Solomon Islands.
No full textThis thesis presents a story circumnavigating the social and ecological relations and
contemporary changes in Baelelea inland villages on Malaita in the Solomon Islands. The
undertaken anthropological and ethnographic study draws on both traditional and
contemporary lifeworld of the Baelelea people living in Alafana. The thesis delves explicitly
into the human lived experiences, subsistence ways, traditional knowledge, and beliefs that
underscore their Indigenous ways of being and knowing. I positioned the research to investigate
the socio-ecological dynamics and to gain grounded understanding of Baelelea cultural
frameworks, including environmental epistemology, livelihood practices, religious orientation
to the environment, oral traditions and spiritual beliefs, and conceptualisation of livelihood
sustainability and natural resource management in the face of encroaching externalities of
christianity, colonialism and capitalism or globalisation.
The studied community of Alafana is small with disbursed population constituting of distinct
clan and family groups, all are Baelelea speakers (but with historical and cultural link to other
language groups in North Malaita). My ethnographic fieldwork and informants, by
disaggregation included few of the remaining elders who converted from the traditional
Baelelea religion of akalo (ancestors) to Christianity. Many others constituted first and secondgeneration
born Christians. In Alafana and West Baelelea villages generally apart from
conversion from traditional religion to Christianity, the biggest culture change is that people’s
lifeworld and livelihood have shifted from subsistence systems of reliance on land and the
forest to a mixed economy of increasing dependence on cash. A cultural rupture many
described as moving from the cultural notion of ‘to make a living’ to that of ‘to make money’.
In response and to counter the impending globalised system and social-culture, and ecological
changes, informants conceptualised about returning to the basic life of sustainable social living
and ecological productivity expressed in the metaphor oli aenaguri’ai –translated ‘return to the
tree root’. The metaphor as used in the thesis depicts Baelelea's conception of connectedness
and offers an anthropological perspective and deep conversations on the revitalisation of
traditional knowledge and interconnectedness with the environment as represented in myths
and oral traditions. A metaphorical tree root from Baelelea perspective represents the local
ontological perspective, which I propose can contribute to better understanding the cultural
landscape and multidisciplinary research approaches in interweaving indigenous knowledge
with science in sustainable agriculture systems and natural resources management
Public value and public sector accountability in New Zealand
No full textThis paper aims to present an overview of the development of the public value accounting approach and its application to public sector accountability in New Zealand.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses the public value framework to demonstrate the outcome-related planning and control mechanisms that are put in place in the public sector. The paper draws from archival research using a case study of the Ministry of Pacific Peoples.
Findings
The public value accounting-based calculative practices are on the rise within the New Zealand public sector. New Zealand’s public sector is oriented towards a public value budget.
Research limitations/implications
The study is limited through the use of secondary data and the use of content analysis methodology. The research enables policymakers to fund initiatives that enhance the well-being of the community. Public value can be created as a joint effort between citizens and government as evident from the case study. By looking at the totality of the impact of government through public value creation can help to improve policy decisions. Government policymakers need to emphasise on those public value creation that has an enormous positive impact on the citizens. This will also help to improve the relationship between government and citizens through increased trust in the government by citizens.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the public value research which has received relatively less attention in the literature. Public value accounting is a research field that is yet to achieve a significant level of attention
Māori language research
No full textThe theme of this special issue is Māori language research. Contributions to the special issue cover linguistic topics surrounding language revitalisation and pedagogy topics, ranging from acoustic to morphosyntactic analysis. At its heart, each paper is concerned with te reo Māori, as it is learned, taught, spoken and valued in Aotearoa New Zealand in the 21st century. The inspiration for this special issue came from the global events surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022), and the realisation that the linguistic community in Aotearoa New Zealand could, and should, be doing more to support our Indigenous language
Kia whakatōmuri te haere whakamua – A Māori framework for coastal climate change adaptation
No full textCurrent climate change adaptation frameworks do not sufficiently represent or acknowledge the intricacies and complex nature of climate adaptation for all communities. This thesis contributes a Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand (A-NZ)) climate adaptation framework that is informed by Te Ao Māori world views, mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi) and research at the interface of Western knowledge and mātauranga Māori. This is needed to promote a more equitable and culturally sensitive approach to the current climate change adaptation process for hapū (sub-tribes) and iwi (tribes). To achieve this, this thesis is rooted in the whakataukī (proverb) “Kia whakatōmuri te haere whakamua – I walk backwards into the future with my eyes fixed on my past”, which exemplifies the power of acknowledging Māori history and intergenerational knowledge, while moving forward to a prosperous future. This thesis had four key aims. First, I looked to the past to understand ways Māori ancestors adapted and relocated in response to natural hazards to inform a future climate adaptation or relocation process. Second, I took stock of the contemporary risk to coastal marae (Māori meeting grounds) from sea level rise. Third, I looked internationally at other Indigenous communities' adaptation challenges and how they have overcome them as a mutual learning opportunity. And finally, I developed a conceptual Māori climate adaptation framework based on existing models and informed by a wānanga (workshop) with over 100 Māori participants. This two-part framework emphasises the importance of fostering Te Tiriti-centric relationships and partnerships that are essential for climate adaptation with hapū and iwi. In addition, it serves as a guide to support adaptation decision-making for hapū and iwi Māori. This thesis took a multidisciplinary approach to achieve these aims, incorporating historical and archival analyses, semi-structured interviews, a systematic review, coastal flooding and exposure analyses using spatial information, and wānanga. The findings highlighted that relocation due to natural hazards is not uncommon for Māori, as this thesis identified 51 examples of where relocation was completed or discussed in response to natural hazards. Furthermore, in a case study with Tūhourangi and Ngāti Rangitihi, this thesis identified vital aspects that enabled their relocation following the 1886 Tarawera eruption, the most influential being tuku whenua – the gifting of land to relocate to. This thesis also identified that by 2150, under shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) 5-8.5, 27% and 28% of coastal marae (total of 186 nationally) are exposed to a 100–year and 1000–year annual recurrence interval (ARI) extreme sea level events, respectively. Overall, this thesis contributes to our understanding of the requirements to support hapū and iwi Māori in climate adaptation, with parallels to other Indigenous communities. Requirements include resourcing, partnerships, autonomy, intergenerational planning, recognition, respect and redress. In Chapter 8 – the discussion of this thesis, we focus on four overall contributions this thesis has made, which are: 1) Hapū and iwi Māori are at risk of climate change, 2) We’ve done it before we can do it again, 3) Adaptation approach cannot be one-size-fits-all, and 4) Adaptation in Aotearoa needs a Te Tiriti-centric approach. Ultimately, this thesis underscores the urgent need for inclusive climate adaptation strategies that honour Indigenous knowledge systems, ensuring that hapū and iwi Māori are not only heard but are actively supported in navigating the impacts of climate change