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Consent in a digital age – rethinking sexting education
No full textSexting is a part of life for many teenagers. But sexting education still frames consent in an unrealistic binary of clear “yes” or “no”, ignoring the nuances of digital communication. Kim Ringmar Sylwander makes the case for moving to a a more contextual, emotionally attuned, and rights-based understanding of consent, and argues that education around online safety and the law need to be updated to reflect this rights-based framework
The contaminated blood scandal in England: exploring the social harms experienced by infected and affected individuals
No full textDuring the 1970s and 1980s, over 30,000 people in the UK were infected with HIV and/or hepatitis C because of treatment with blood and blood products for conditions such as haemophilia or through blood transfusion. We used the social harms perspective to understand the experiences of those affected. We conducted in-depth interviews with 41 infected people and 11 family members and analysed the data according to five dimensions of social harm: physical harms, psychological harms, cultural harms, economic harms, and harms of misrecognition. We found that people were harmed by the medical system, the social context that perpetuated stigma and shame against them, and successive governments being largely unwilling to address the many health, social, and economic impacts of infection on families. What stood out were the many reports of harms of misrecognition, which were often experienced as more irreconcilable than the circumstances of infection itself. They were also harms that have been largely ignored. While patient safety encompasses a broad field of work, much of the research focuses on physical harm and medical error. The social harms lens can provide important insights into patient safety incidents as it can help explain the complexity of the different dimensions of harm that individuals and their families experience
Projections in enlargements of filtrations under Jacod's absolute continuity hypothesis for marked point processes
No full textWe consider the initial enlargement F(ζ) of a filtration F (called the reference filtration) generated by a marked point process with a random variable ζ. We assume Jacod’s absolute continuity hypothesis, that is, the existence of a nonnegative conditional density for this random variable with respect to F. Then, we derive explicit expressions for the coefficients that appear in the integral representation for the optional projection of an F(ζ)-(square integrable) martingale on F. In the case in which ζ is strictly positive (called a random time in that case), we also derive explicit expressions for the coefficients, that appear in the related representation for the optional projection of an F(ζ)-martingale on G, the reference filtration progressively enlarged by ζ. We also provide similar results for the F-optional projection of any martingale in G. The arguments of the proof are built on the methodology that was developed in our paper (Gapeev et al. in Electron J Probab 26:1–24 2021) in the Brownian motion setting under the more restrictive Jacod’s equivalence hypothesis
Proximity to settlements in the West Bank shifts protest behavior toward higher‐risk actions and increases perceived collective injustice
No full textEngagement in political conflict has been linked to various material and psychological motives, while the role of perceived collective injustice remains empirically contested. We examine this hypothesis for protest behavior in the West Bank. Since 1967, civilian Israeli settlements have been established here, making salient stark local inequalities. Across two primary and four secondary data collections (N = 8360), exploiting geographical coordinates, we show that proximity to settlements increased the relative likelihood of participating in higher‐risk political action (between +41% and +82%) at the cost of moderate protest (−30% to −36%), flanked by corresponding attitudinal shifts. Effects were spatially limited to a 3‐kilometer distance, time‐insensitive, and validated through separate administrative data on protest events during the same ten‐year observation period. Moreover, the shift toward high‐risk protest engagement was not associated with past negative contact—instead, we find support for the perceived collective injustice mechanism, ruling out several socio‐psychological alternatives. Salience of group‐based moral outrage can shape political behavior in settings of violent asymmetrical conflict
The relationship between prenatal heat exposure and birth outcomes: how much does the heat metric matter?
No full textThe impact of prenatal heat exposure on birth outcomes is well-established, but what is it about heat drives this relationship? Is it exposure to extreme temperatures, to moderate heat, or the confluence of heat and humidity? Despite the large body of research on heat exposure and birth outcomes, the literature lacks consistent measurement. This means we cannot extract practical recommendations around which heat conditions pose the greatest risk, and hence should be avoided during pregnancy. It also means we cannot predict the implications of climate change on neonatal health and healthcare needs at a population level. This paper has two goals: first, to demonstrate that our conclusions around the existence and magnitude of the impact of heat exposure vary dramatically with the choice of heat exposure metric, and second, to make general recommendations for how heat exposure should be measured in future. We present analysis from Australia’s Northern Territory — a region spanning tropical and arid climates. We compare commonly used heat exposure metrics, alongside additional metrics supported by theory. We find that a metric based on ‘bands’ of exposure and incorporating daily minimum as well as maximum measures provides the best fit; this is consistent with our theoretical understanding that both moderate and extreme heat affect fetal development in different ways. Estimates based on our preferred heat metric suggest that the impact of prenatal heat exposure on preterm birth is orders of magnitude larger than what would be implied by some metrics commonly used in the literature. Our findings underscore the importance of getting the measure of heat right, particularly in tropical climates
Has immigration led to a new form of labour market protectionism in Europe?
No full textHas immigration led to a new form of labour market protectionism in Europe? Drawing on a study of legislative changes in Austria, Germany, Ireland and the UK, Pat McGovern, Eiko Thielemann and Omar Hammoud-Gallego identify a new development in immigration control that extends beyond borders into the workplace
The role of civil society in the climate change advisory proceedings
No full textThis chapter examines the influential role of civil society in the climate change advisory proceedings before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), and Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). While these proceedings primarily engage states and intergovernmental organisations, civil society actors, including NGO s, youth groups, Indigenous communities, and transnational advocacy networks, have been essential catalysts and contributors. The chapter first analyses procedural limitations at each tribunal and contrasts the relatively restrictive policies of the ICJ and ITLOS with the IACtHR’s inclusive approach. Despite procedural constraints, civil society has effectively engaged in advisory proceedings, employing strategies like amicus curiae submissions, coordinated campaigns, and knowledge-sharing initiatives. We highlight five key ways civil society shapes these proceedings: (1) catalysing the advisory requests, (2) contributing substantive input despite procedural limitations, (3) educating and coordinating participants, (4) promoting advisory opinions’ implementation, and (5) leveraging advisory opinions to support broader climate litigation. These actions underscore civil society’s pivotal role in advancing climate justice within international law, amplifying diverse voices, and enhancing climate litigation’s impact beyond the immediate advisory context
Speaking of trust: religion and mutual aid in Southwest Kenya
No full textThis open access book examines the often overlooked entanglements and affinities between emerging models of formal and informal finance and welfare with longer-running religious structures and concerns. Since independence in 1963, Kenya has seen the steady growth of mutual aid arrangements; a practice which creatively combines market logic with redistributive politics and older forms of reciprocity and solidarity. As a means to providing welfare and pursuing joint economic activity, mutual aid has flourished - despite the failures of neoliberal statecraft, and deepening asymmetries of power and wealth between and within different ethnic groups – and has been largely built up using a language of religious faith. Observing that many aspects of Christian and indigenous religious life play an integral part in shaping how Kenyans save, lend, distribute, fundraise, and entrust money and value in collective arrangements, Speaking of Trust illuminates and analyses the complex and innovative ways in which Kenyans are reimagining and renegotiating the terms of interdependence across social divides
Why the Federal Reserve is wrong to quit the NGFS
No full textRetreating from this critical network for greening global finance signals a worrying neglect of the very real risks that climate change and environmental degradation present for macroeconomic and financial stability in the United States – risks that fall squarely within the Fed’s mandate, write Joseph Feyertag and David Barmes