107159 research outputs found
Sort by
The moral accounting of debts: productivity, deservingness and the consensual creation of Chapter XIII bankruptcy
No full textChapter XIII's wage-earner payment plans are now the default form of personal bankruptcy in the USA. During the Great Depression, it was created as a voluntary choice and enacted with unanimous legislative support. Absent conflict between creditors and labor and social reformers, legislators agreed that Chapter XIII was for the benefit of both honorable insolvents and their fair creditors. How did wage-earner payment plans emerge out of a consensual legislative process? Employing a computational abductive approach on a wide range of legislative, media and bankruptcy records, I show that Chapter XIII's creation was facilitated by a 'moral accounting' that, based on their race and gender identities, positively evaluated most White men bankruptcy petitioners as 'deserving', even as it recognized occupational variations in their economic 'productivity'. This study highlights how racial discourses of 'deservingness' are central to the construction of credit markets as part of America's submerged welfare state
Beyond the ‘scholarship boy’ paradigm: autosociobiography and social mobility
No full textThis article reflects on the potential of the rapidly emerging literary genre of autosociobiography to extend analyses of the personal experience and feelings associated with social mobility. We reflect on the congruence of its themes regarding the dislocating and isolating effects of upward social mobility with important recent research in qualitative sociology, which have exposed the weakness of quantitative social scientific studies for understanding the ‘social mobility malaise’. We argue that the theme of dislocation, sometimes encapsulated in the phrase that the upwardly mobile are ‘fish out of water’, can be rooted back to a paradigm of the ‘scholarship boy’, originating in the 1950s. We discuss how autosociobiography is a vital genre because it radicalises this framing and provides more critical and provocative perspectives which are more attuned to the period of intensifying economic inequalities in the early 21st century. Drawing on Jaquet’s arguments regarding ‘transclasses’, and reflecting on numerous autosociobiographical accounts, and recent sociological contributions, our article demonstrates the interdisciplinary reach of this genre
Joining the dots: using data to support homelessness and addiction
No full textPeople experiencing homelessness and addiction face significant barriers when trying to access residential treatment. But when it comes to recovery, there is a huge cost to doing nothing. These costs affect individuals, ripple through communities, and impact healthcare systems, social services and the economy
The evidence on outcomes of rehabilitation and reablement support: a rapid literature review
No full textHealthy self-interest? Health dependent preferences for fairer health care
No full textHealth status can alter individuals' social preferences, including individuals' preferences regarding a fair financing of health care. If individuals follow a healthy self-interested rationale, health improvements can weaken individuals' support for fairer health care financing, insofar as they perceive a reduced need for healthcare. Conversely, healthier people might anticipate facing greater opportunity costs if their health declines in an unfairly funded system, and hence may endorse fairer financing in anticipation of future health challenges—which we label as the 'unhealthy self-interest' hypothesis. We draw on a dataset of 73,452 individuals across 22 countries and a novel instrumental variable strategy that exploits variation in health status resulting from cross-country and cohort-specific exposure to the national childhood Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination schedules. We document causal evidence consistent with the unhealthy self-interest hypothesis, namely that better (worst) health increases (reduces) preferences for a fairer health care system. We estimate that a one-unit increase in self-reported health increases support for fair health care access by 11 % and the willingness to support fair financing by 8 %. Our findings suggest that improving population health may give rise to stronger support for interventions to improve equitable health system access and financing
Partial recognition without redistribution: unpaid care in the devolved UK during COVID-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic elevated care work as it was applauded on doorsteps and deemed ‘essential’ by governments. Yet this rhetorical visibility stood in stark contrast to its persistent structural invisibility. In the UK, women disproportionately shouldered the burden of social reproduction as healthcare workers, childcare providers, and unpaid carers, all while facing heightened job insecurity, domestic violence, and mental health strain. These patterns, mirrored globally, were exacerbated by policy responses that largely failed to recognise or support unpaid care. Feminist scholars have long shown how health crises reinforce gendered divisions of labour and marginalise unpaid care; this paper explores how that pattern was reproduced in the UK’s pandemic response, shaped by a decade of austerity and a residual model of care governance. Drawing on feminist political economy and critical policy analysis, this study compares how the four UK administrations–England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland–approached unpaid care across four domains of childcare, adult care, workplace flexibility, and public recognition. The analysis of policy documents reveals marked divergence: while Westminster leaned heavily on unpaid care with minimal support, devolved administrations adopted more redistributive measures, exposing the ideological and institutional logics that shape how care is valued in crisis
Nationalism and the transformation of the state: border change and political violence in the modern world
No full textFollowing Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, the recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East signals the return of geopolitics. This book challenges conventional approaches that ignore border change, arguing that geopolitics is driven by nationalism and focusing on how nationalism transforms the state. Using geocoded historical maps covering state borders and ethnic groups in Europe, the authors' spatial approach shows how, since the French Revolution, nationalism has caused increasing congruence between state and national borders and how a lack of congruence increased the risk of armed conflict. This macroprocess is traced from early modern Europe and widens the geographic scope to the entire world in the mid-twentieth century. The analysis shows that the risk of conflict may be increased by how nationalists seeking to revive past golden ages and restore their nations' prestige respond to incongruent borders
Using YouTube as a denialist echo chamber: how to think about Armenians and the Armenian genocide
No full textMeasuring the impact of global R&D investment in product development partnerships (PDPs) a case study on return on investment in antimalarial drug development
No full textAbstract 4371025: healthcare expenditure on cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health in young adults aged 20 to 44 from 2010 to 2019
No full textBackground: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome comprises interconnected conditions such as heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and obesity. These conditions often begin early in life and now affect a significant portion of young adults. As CKM becomes more common in this age group, its long-term health and economic consequences are increasingly concerning. This study aimed to estimate trends in U.S. healthcare expenditures related to CKM among young adults from 2010 to 2019. Methods: National healthcare spending on CKM from 2010 through 2019 was estimated using data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The Disease Expenditure Project (DEX) at IHME provides spending estimates across 3,110 U.S. counties, categorized by condition, payer, age group, and type of care. This analysis utilized over 40 billion administrative insurance claims and nearly 1 billion facility records, capturing expenditures from Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, and out-of-pocket payments. Results: Between 2010 and 2019, total healthcare spending for CKM in young adults increased by 23%, from approximately 18 billion. Heart failure expenditures showed the largest relative increase (122%), followed by atrial fibrillation (48%), stroke (30%), and type 2 diabetes (23%). Spending for ischemic heart disease declined by 5%, while expenditures for peripheral vascular disease remained stable. Across all years, type 2 diabetes accounted for the greatest share of total spending among CKM components. Spending increased across all types of care, with the largest growth seen in emergency department services (49%), inpatient care (34%), and ambulatory care (24%). In 2019, 10.4 billion to private insurance. Over the study period, Medicaid spending increased by 63%, private insurance by 20%, and Medicare spending declined by 10%. Expenditure growth varied by age group, with the highest relative increases observed in adults aged 30 to 34 years (39%) and 25 to 29 years (37%). Conclusion: CKM syndrome imposes a growing health and economic burden on young adults in the United States. This study demonstrates a steady rise in healthcare spending across all CKM conditions, particularly for heart failure and emergency care. The findings underscore the need for early prevention efforts and targeted strategies to mitigate disparities and reduce long-term costs