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From subordination to revolution: a Gramscian theory of popular mobilization
No full textAt a time of mass discontent, revolutionary weakness, and right-wing ascendancy, John Chalcraft presents a new theory of popular mobilization. From Subordination to Revolution is based on an innovative reading of the living Gramscian tradition, and it offers an alternative to conservative, liberal, Marxist, and poststructuralist theory. Drawing on examples from across the globe, Chalcraft defines popular mobilization as the many ways in which subordinated groups rearrange their relationships to challenge and overcome domination. The theory sets out a fertile constellation of concepts encompassing the many faces and phases of the long journey from subordination to revolution. This approach breaks ground in connecting the social, structural, spatio-temporal, strategic, and transnational elements of popular mobilization. It also enables Chalcraft to situate anew the fundamental issues of domination, autonomy, consent, and leadership and put forward new arguments about party and bloc. The point is to link together diverse popular struggles in the contemporary world
Ghana and China have a shared responsibility for the illegal mining (Galamsey) crisis in Ghana.
Get PDFThe limits of liberating tolerance
Get PDFIn interdisciplinary classrooms, creating space for diverse perspectives may be more valuable than challenging dominant ones, argues Moé Suzuki
Field methods for investigating onset and progression of middle childhood physical, hormonal, cognitive and social development
No full textChild development is biocultural, meaning both genetics and experience with the ecocultural context shape ontogeny. Developmental systems—physical, hormonal, cognitive, social, among others—are dynamic and have points of interrelation with each other and local environments, as well as tradeoffs in their patterning. These articulations challenge our ability to discern the factors influencing our phenotypic outcomes; further, similar outcomes may not reference similar pathways. As a result, our ability to understand the evolution of childhood and its role in human life history remains limited. Middle childhood represents an especially unique phase of human life history, with significant shifts across developmental domains. Physically, children's skeletal growth slows after an initial growth spurt. Hormonally, there is a rise in the production of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate (DHEAS) due to the process of adrenarche, which may have important impacts across developmental systems. Cognitively, children become progressively more rational. Socially, children are increasingly aware of the complexity of human perspectives and morality. Methodological approaches to assess the onset and progression of middle childhood must take into consideration the expansive cross-cultural variation in childhoods. This toolkit offers a set of recommendations for evaluating development across middle childhood, with attention to the eco-cultural context of maturation
Reassembling ‘green’ finance scholarship
Get PDFThe financial industry has become increasingly entangled with environmental matters of concern, constituting the phenomenon of ‘green’ finance. In this Forum, we approach green finance as financial climate governance to highlight its claim on finance’s role as legitimate and capable steward of the planet’s climate. This claim to govern and its promise to achieve desirable environmental conditions have made green finance a crucial object of investigation. However, we observe a growing fragmentation of green finance research along various fault lines, such as levels of analysis, normative positions, or academic structures. Calling for reassembling green finance scholarship, we posit a need for more integrative approaches, motivating this Forum’s central question: what integrative moves across socioeconomic research can enhance our understanding and judgement of green finance? The Forum gathers three contributions focused on: (1) integrating macro- and micro-approaches in green finance studies; (2) examining the politics of green finance as knowledge contestations; and (3) confronting stasis in green finance by exploring researchers’ agencies, emotions, and normativities. By reassembling green finance scholarship through integrative moves, we suggest marking green finance as a shared concern and fostering collective perspectives to bring clarity and constructive critique to what has become a dominant pursuit in facing the socioecological crisis
Why I declare a conflict of interest and you should not
Get PDFAcademic publishing is both an indication of scientific contribution and a currency for career advancement. This dual role gives rise to a normative scientific conflict: Does the structural incentive to publish constitute a conflict of interest (COI) that ought to be disclosed? In this paper, we address this conflict through an action research approach, engaging collaboratively and reflexively to answer four related questions: (1) What evidence suggests that researchers face a (financial) COI when publishing? (2) What are the benefits and drawbacks of explicitly acknowledging that publications function as academic currency? (3) How should such conflicts be disclosed? (4) Do mechanisms such as pre-registration and registered reports resolve these concerns? This paper contends that while researchers are clearly incentivised to publish, this interest need not necessarily constitute a conflict or be explicitly disclosed. Treating this issue as a normative scientific conflict does reveal the need for a shift in how researchers understand and navigate the subjective, self-interested dimensions of their work. We propose four key responses: (1) integrating discussions of COIs and biases more extensively into undergraduate science education, (2) promoting greater reflexivity in everyday research practice (e.g., through reflexivity journals, peer-led audit groups, and the reintegration of discussions on the historicity and cultural nature of research into scientific publications), (3) critically investigating institutional incentives and journal policies, and (4) proactively adopting methodological safeguards such as pre-registration. By addressing this conflict through action research, we demonstrate how normative tensions in science can be made productive — supporting both critical reflection and structural improvement
‘We’re the goodies’—Lacanian vernacular peace: ideology, Derry Girls, and ontological (in)security in Northern Ireland
No full textThis chapter advances a poststructuralist intervention into vernacular security studies (VSS). It articulates a Lacanian reconceptualisation of the vernacular as an ideological site managing ontological (in)security in (post-)conflict settings. It problematises the potential romanticisation, binarisation, and depoliticisation of the vernacular in VSS, arguing instead that vernacular discourses of security and peace are also sites of ideological interpellation, identification, and disavowal. Drawing on Lacanian ontological security studies, the chapter theorises vernacular subjectivities as unconsciously structured by and attached to hegemonic ideologies, narratives, and imaginaries. Through an interpretive illustrative analysis of the series Derry Girls, the chapter examines how non-elite discourses of peace both stabilise and reproduce dominant conflict narratives in Northern Ireland. In foregrounding the unconscious vernacular as a site of multiscalar ideological production, the chapter contributes to repoliticising VSS and suggests that ideology critique is crucial to understanding how everyday cultural artefacts that present themselves as sites of resistance actually sustain, rather than subvert, prevailing security orders
LifeSim childhood: extrapolating intervention effects and public cost savings from birth to adolescence in the UK
No full textEconomic evaluation of early childhood interventions is challenging because it is hard to extrapolate the full range of long-term benefits and public cost savings from short-term effectiveness evidence. It is also cumbersome and expensive to gather long-term evidence. One way to address this issue is through the use of microsimulation. This paper introduces a childhood microsimulation model, LifeSim Childhood, that is capable of extrapolating the long-term effects of many childhood risk factors on a broad range of health, educational, and social outcomes and public cost savings up to age 17 in the UK. It is based on bespoke modelling of longitudinal birth cohort data. The aims of this paper are to describe the general modelling approach and methods underpinning LifeSim Childhood, to present a simple illustration of how the model can be used to simulate the effects of early childhood poverty, and to compare our illustrative results with estimates from quasi-experimental studies. Our model is based on analysis of data from the Millennium Cohort Study which follows children born in the UK around the year 2000. Our causal inference strategy is to focus on causal pathways that can be explicitly justified by existing inter-disciplinary scientific knowledge and to estimate the total magnitude of long-term causal effects by controlling for an explicitly justified set of confounding variables. As well as describing our data inputs, regression analysis methods and simulation methods, we illustrate how the model can be used to evaluate four hypothetical income-shifting scenarios in early childhood and estimate the general magnitude of long-term public cost savings and wellbeing benefits, alongside a battery of more specific outcomes
CA100+ Disclosure Framework Just Transition methodology update
Get PDFIndicator 9 of the CA100+ Disclosure Framework (the Framework) assesses corporates on their Just Transition commitments and planning. Drawing on feedback provided by companies and investors during the open review and engagement periods, the TPI Centre has updated the methodology guidance for this Indicator. These updates, designed in consultation with academic experts, more effectively assess corporate disclosure on Just Transition for communities. This explainer summarises the key updates to the methodology guidance
The making of high-tech spillovers: evidence from early industrial labs
No full textTechnology breakthroughs often give rise to unanticipated early leader firms in a nascent industry. Do these early leaders cease to share knowledge in public after they achieve product market leadership? Using newly digitized plant-level data and a unique natural experiment based on pre-Fairchild semiconductor choices, I test the corporate response to a plausibly unanticipated head start in the American late 1950s’ microchip breakthrough. I find: 1) The head start quickly creates early leaders in the nascent microchip industry, marked by persistent influx of patent citations and expansion of product lines. 2) Product differentiation surges: the early leaders persistently announce new products in their leading research fields. 3) Rather than fencing off these research fields, the leaders selectively present applied research as public knowledge in industrial associations, and release increasingly more technical manufacturing bulletins. I provide a simple theory to illustrate the early leaders' trade-off in deciding the optimal scope of public knowledge sharing: on one hand, presenting techniques in public unavoidably benefits rivals; on the other hand, presented knowledge resembles persuasive advertisement that raises perceived product differences for consumers. 4) The selective sharing demands face-to-face contact, likely facilitating agglomeration externalities in early leader locations