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Neuroinflammation and Epilepsy: From Pathophysiology to Therapies Based on Repurposing Drugs
No full textNeuroinflammation and epilepsy are different pathologies, but, in some cases, they are so
closely related that the activation of one of the pathologies leads to the development of the other. In
this work, we discuss the three main cell types involved in neuroinflammation, namely (i) reactive
astrocytes, (ii) activated microglia, and infiltration of (iii) peripheral immune cells in the central
nervous system. Then, we discuss how neuroinflammation and epilepsy are interconnected and
describe the use of different repurposing drugs with anti-inflammatory properties that have been
shown to have a beneficial effect in different epilepsy models. This review reinforces the idea that
compounds designed to alleviate seizures need to target not only the neuroinflammation caused by
reactive astrocytes and microglia but also the interaction of these cells with infiltrated peripheral
immune cells.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-112972RB-I00)Fundació La Marató TV3 (202032)National Institutes of Health (P01NS097197)5.6 Q1 JCR 20221.179 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
Introduction to Diode Laser Therapies in Dentistry
No full textActually, there are different types of lasers that can be used in dentistry, being
the diode laser one of the most popular. The therapies in which diode laser is used are photothermic therapy, which is subdivided into low- and high-intensity photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. Photothermic therapy is based on an increase in local temperature, allowing the incision, excision, ablation, and vaporisation of the tissues, as well as haemostasis and coagulation of lesions. It also produces bacterial decontamination through thermal photo disinfection. Low-intensity photothermic therapy also achieves an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing effect. On the other hand, photodynamic therapy facilitates bacterial decontamination through acti vated photodisinfection in combination with a photoactive substance. These therapies can be used in a separate way or combined, obtaining different results depending on the tissue in which they are applied and according to the technical specifications used.
Therefore, the diode laser, thanks to its versatility, applicability, and good clinical results in specialities such as endodontics, periodontics, surgery, or implantology, should be considered as an implement of transversal application in contemporary dentistry.Sin FinanciaciónNo data SPI 2022UE
Hypofractionated whole breast IMRT with HDR brachytherapy boost in early-stage breast cancer: Long-term results from a single-center
No full textINTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: The addition of a boost to the lumpectomy bed after whole- breast (WB) radiotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC). The clinical benefits of a boost with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) after conventional fractionation is supported by a large body of evidence. However, few studies have described its outcomes after a hypofractionated scheme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included all patients treated with adjuvant WB-IMRT in 15 sessions followed by a single-session HDR-BT boost with local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2017, 638 patients with early-stage BC were treated according to the aforementioned protocol after breast-conserving surgery. Median follow-up was 6 years (4–11). Despite the low incidence of side effects and their slightness, we did identify an impact of breast volume on the risk of acute radiodermatitis, fibrosis, pain and edema. However, we did not identify any relationship between the volume in cubic centimeters of the BT-implant with acute or long-term side effects. 2.2% patients had an actual local relapse, 2.4% a 2nd primary in the same breast and 2.39% were diagnosed with contralateral BC. Event-free survival at 11 years was 85.5% with an overall survival of 95.7%. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant hypofractionated whole-breast IMRT followed by a single dose HDR- BT boost has a low incidence of acute and chronic toxicity and excellent oncological outcomes. However, it may be worthwhile to intensify self-care protocols and surveillance in women with large breasts who may be at increased risk of side effects.Universidad Europea de Madrid (2020/UEM01)1.9 Q4 JCR 20220.593 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE
Gender differences in the predictive effect of perceive emotional intelligence on depressive symptomatology in older adults
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the associations between emotional intelligence, gender, and depressive symptomatology in older adults. To test whether there were differences between groups in the Trait Meta-Mood Scale dimension, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were carried out, and t tests were performed to find the differences between groups in the variables that had shown differences in the univariate analysis. Participants were 853 Spanish cognitively healthy older adults between 60 and 95 years of age, with a mean age of 71.7 (SD = 7.4), of whom 64.9% were women. Self-reports were administered to assess the different variables under study. Specifically, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 was used to assess emotional intelligence, and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale to measure depressive symptomatology. The three dimensions of emotional intelligence showed differences as a function of gender and depression. Higher scores were found in the three dimensions of emotional intelligence in women. Moreover, people with higher levels of depressive symptomatology had higher scores on attention, and people with low depressive symptomatology had lower levels of clarity and repair. Women with depressive symptomatology showed high levels of attention, in contrast to men and women with low symptomatology. Considering the subjective perception of emotional intelligence, high attention to emotions and the female gender seem to be factors associated with depression in older adults, which allows us to outline a critical profile for depression that should receive special attention. Given the impact of depressive symptomatology in older adults, it is important to identify these profiles in order to detect possible risk factors for depression more effectively.Universidad Málaga/CBUA2.8 Q2 JCR 20221.001 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
Five-year results of atropine 0.01% efficacy in the myopia control in a European population
No full textAims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.01% atropine eye-drops in controlling myopia progression over 5 years.
Methods: Experimental, analytical, prospective, randomised and longitudinal study, in 361 right eyes from 361 children randomised into the control group (177 eyes without treatment) and treatment group (184 eyes with 0.01% atropine eye-drops). Children assigned to the treatment group used 0.01% atropine once a day every night and the control group's children did not use any treatment or placebo. All the subjects completed an eye examination every 6 months for the 5 years of follow-up. The examination included subjective and objective refraction with cycloplegia, axial length (AL), keratometry and anterior chamber depth (ACD) to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. It also included the anterior and posterior pole examination to evaluate the safety of the treatment.
Results: The SE increased -0.63±0.42D in children after 5 years of treatment with 0.01% atropine, while in the control group the increase was -0.92±0.56D. AL increased 0.26±0.28 mm in the treatment group compared with 0.49±0.34 mm in the control group. Atropine 0.01% showed an efficacy of 31.5% and 46.9% in the control of the SE and AL increase, respectively. ACD and keratometry did not have significant changes between groups.
Conclusions: Atropine 0.01% is effective in slowing myopia progression in a European population. There were no side effects after 5 years of 0.01% atropine.Sin financiación4.1 Q1 JCR 20221.862 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
Precision nutrition impact on metabolic health and quality of life in aging population after a 3-month intervention: A randomized intervention
No full textObjectives
Innovative precision dietary procedures are required to promote healthy aging. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a personalised strategy based on the inclusion of individualised foods and digital tools on overall health status and quality of life within a follow-up of 3 months in older adults with overweight or obesity.
Methods
127 men and women aged between 50 and 80 years with overweight/obesity participated in the study—between January 2020 and September 2020 at the Center for Nutrition Research-University of Navarra and IMDEA-ALIMENTACIÓN—and were randomly assigned to a usual-care group (standard recommendations) or precision group (precision nutrition strategy based on the inclusion of individualised foods and a mobile application). Anthropometry, body fat percentage, biochemical parameters, diet, and quality of life (SF-36 Health Survey) were assessed at baseline and after 3 months.
Results
Both strategies were found to improve overall metabolic health; however, the precision approach demonstrated significantly better outcomes. The precision strategy reduced body weight at 3 months (−4.3 kg; p < 0.001) with significant improvements in body fat percentage, blood pressure and general metabolic health (glycated haemoglobin; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; hepatic steatosis index) in comparison with the standard recommendations. The precision approach significantly enhanced the quality of life (SF-36) of individuals, with additional improvements in emotional well-being (p = 0.024) and vitality (p = 0.008). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a higher quality of life and vitality.Programa Estratégico CIEN (IDI-20160734), cofinanciado con FEDERFinanciación privada de AMC Innova Juice and Drinks S.L., Congelados de Navarra, S.A., Europastry, S.A., Galletas Gullón, S.A., S.L., Hijo de José Martínez Somalo, S.L., Iberfruta Muerza, S.A. y una de las investigadoras Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU17/06330)5.8 Q2 JCR 20220.669 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
Historia natural del COVID persistente: la evolución de una nueva patología desde su origen
No full textTesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la SaludIntroducción: La enfermedad producida por el coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del
síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, SARS-CoV-2, puede presentarse de diversas formas, con
una amplia gama de manifestaciones clínicas, que abarcan desde casos asintomáticos hasta
cuadros graves que requieren hospitalización y cuidados intensivos. Una consecuencia a
largo plazo de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 es el nuevo síndrome denominado COVID
persistente.
Hipótesis y objetivo: En este estudio se establece como hipótesis general la posible etiología
autoinmune del síndrome COVID persistente y, en consecuencia, los objetivos de trabajo
establecidos fueron, por un lado, comprobar si esta nueva entidad cumple los criterios de
clasificación actuales para categorizarse como enfermedad autoinmune, así como la búsqueda
de desencadenantes comunes en su desarrollo/progresión a largo plazo.
Material y métodos: Se lleva a cabo un estudio epidemiológico de tipo observacional, analítico
y transversal. La muestra final se conformó con 102 sujetos, divididos en 39 controles
(COVID leve) y 63 casos, diagnosticados de COVID persistente y reclutados a través de la
asociación Long Covid ACTS de la Comunidad de Madrid. A todos ellos que se les realizó
entrevista clínica, cuestionario de 20 ítems, exploración oral en la Clínica Universitaria
Odontológica de la Universidad Europea y análisis sanguíneo en los laboratorios Clinamat.
Resultados: El análisis estadístico Odds Ratio determinó que los factores de riesgo para el
desarrollo del COVID persistente fueron, de manera independiente, el contagio en la primera
ola de la pandemia (83%), presentar una mayor intensidad subjetiva de los síntomas tanto al
inicio de la infección, como al menos 6 meses después, estar polimedicado, ser mujer, contar
con al menos una dosis de vacuna administrada (88% de probabilidad), y aún mayor si
fueron dos (94%), en el momento de sufrir la infección. Por otro lado, los factores de
prevención fueron el ingreso hospitalario durante la infección y el tratamiento con depresores
del sistema nervioso central. Así mismo, el desarrollo de COVID persistente se mostró como
factor de riesgo muy alto (98% de probabilidad) para permanecer de baja laboral al
menos 6 meses después de la infección.
Con respecto a la salud oral del grupo COVID persistente, estos manifestaban con una
frecuencia significativamente mayor, adenopatías, dolor de ATM, irritación faríngea,
xerostomía, obturaciones, ausencias dentales, número de coronas dentales, índice CAOM y
CAOD, así como mayor cantidad de síntomas odontológicos, al menos 6 meses después de la
infección. Desde una visión más general, el nivel de estrés subjetivo previo al contagio, y al menos 6 meses
después, fue significativamente mayor en los sujetos COVID persistente. Añadido a esto, la
calidad de sueño, entendida también como factor de estrés, fue significativamente peor en los
sujetos COVID persistente que en el grupo control (81% vs 31%).
Además, un 23% más de los sujetos COVID persistente, frente al grupo control, presentaban
patologías previas antes del contagio. Al mismo tiempo, esos sujetos sufrieron mayor cantidad
de síntomas (19,25 ± 5,08) y con mayor intensidad (9,33 ± 0,52), al comienzo de la infección
frente a aquellos que no tenían patologías previas. Estos mismos sujetos mostraron también
unos niveles de cortisol y PCR más altos, con un 95% de confianza.
En cuanto al análisis de los marcadores clínicos de autoinmunidad y de la cantidad de síntomas
inflamatorios, al menos 6 meses después de la infección, fueron significativamente mayor en los
sujetos COVID persistente.
Discusión: Considerando los síntomas y secuelas presentes en los individuos del grupo COVID
persistente, aún seis meses después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, donde se incluyen
manifestaciones odontológicas, marcadores clínicos detectados en sangre y afectación en mayor
porcentaje al sexo femenino, se dibuja un patrón claro que llevaría, en otros casos ya descritos
en la literatura médica, al diagnóstico de una enfermedad autoinmune.
Conclusiones: El COVID persistente cumpliría con los criterios clínicos para su clasificación como
una nueva entidad de etiología autoinmune.Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus type 2 infection can manifest in various forms, ranging
from asymptomatic cases to severe cases requiring hospitalization and intensive care. Moreover,
Long Covid is a new syndrome that results from long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims
to investigate the hypothesis that Long Covid is associated with distinct clinical, radiological, and
biochemical features compared to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The objective is to identify risk factors that contribute to Long Covid and predict its long-term
outcomes. In this research, we posited a general hypothesis regarding the potential autoimmune
aetiology of Long Covid syndrome. Accordingly, our study aimed to ascertain if this emerging
condition complies with existing classification criteria for autoimmune diseases whilst exploring
common triggers for its long-term development and progression.
Material and methods: An observational, analytical and cross-sectional epidemiological study
was performed. The study comprised 102 participants, comprising 39 control individuals (mild
COVID) and 63 cases with Long Covid, who were recruited via the Long Covid ACTS association
of the Community of Madrid. The procedure was as follows: each participant underwent a
clinical interview, oral examination at the European University Dental Clinic, blood tests at
Clinamat laboratories, and completed a 20-item questionnaire.
Results: The statistical analysis of Odds Ratio revealed that the risk factors for the Long Covid
were infection in the initial wave of the pandemic (83%), greater subjective intensity of
symptoms at the outset of the infection and 6 months later, being on multiple medications, being
female, having received at least one vaccine dose (88% probability), and even greater if two
doses had been administered (94%) at the time of infection. On the contrary, only hospital
admission during the infection and treatment with central nervous system depressants were
identified as prevention factors. In addition, the development of Long Covid was demonstrated
to be a significant risk factor (with a 98% probability) for prolonging sick leave for at least 6
months afer infection.
With regards to the oral health of the Long Covid group, they exhibited a notably greater
prevalence of adenopathy, TMJ pain, pharyngeal irritation, xerostomia, fillings, dental absences,
number of dental crowns, CAOM, and CAOD index, along with more dental symptoms at least
six months afer contracting the infection.
In general, Long Covid subjects also experienced a significantly higher level of subjective stress
prior to and at least six months afer infection. Furthermore, the quality of sleep, identified as a stress factor, was substantially inferior in the Long Covid-affected individuals than in the control
group (81% vs. 31%).
Additionally, 23% more of the Long Covid-affected individuals had prior pathologies before
contracting the infection than the control group. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited a
greater number of symptoms (19.25 ± 5.08) with higher intensity (9.33 ± 0.52) at the onset of
infection in comparison to those who had no previous pathologies.
Furthermore, it was observed that the Long Covid cohort had a 23% higher incidence of pre-existing pathologies compared to the control group. These individuals also experienced a greater
number of symptoms (19.25 ± 5.08) and more severe symptoms (9.33 ± 0.52) during the onset
of infection relative to those without pre-existing pathologies. Additionally, the same group
displayed elevated levels of cortisol and CRP with a 95% confidence level.
Regarding the analysis of clinical markers of autoimmunity and the level of inflammatory
symptoms present at least 6 months afer infection, they were substantially elevated in Long
Covid subjects.
Discussion: Considering the symptoms and sequelae shown by individuals in the Long Covid
group, even six months afer infection by SARS-CoV-2, and including dental manifestations,
clinical markers detected in blood, and higher incidence rates in females, a distinct pakern
emerges. This pakern has already been described in existing medical literature as a potential
indication of an autoimmune disease. Therefore, it can be concluded that further investigation
may be necessary to determine whether a diagnosis of autoimmune disease is appropriate in
these cases.
Conclusion: Long Covid would meet the clinical criteria for classification as a new entity of
autoimmune aetiology.No data 2022UE
Impact of beam far side-lobe knowledge in the presence of foregrounds for LiteBIRD
No full textWe present a study of the impact of a beam far side-lobe lack of knowledge on the measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode signal at large scale. Beam far side-lobes induce a mismatch in the transfer function of Galactic foregrounds between the dipole and higher multipoles which degrads the performances of component separation methods. This leads to foreground residuals in the CMB map. It is expected to be one of the main source of systematic effects in future CMB polarization observations. Thus, it becomes crucial for all-sky survey missions to take into account the interplays between beam systematic effects and all the data analysis steps. LiteBIRD is the ISAS/JAXA second strategic large-class satellite mission and is dedicated to target the measurement of CMB primordial B modes by reaching a sensitivity on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of σ(r) ≤ 10-3 assuming r = 0. The primary goal of this paper is to provide the methodology and develop the framework to carry out the end-to-end study of beam far side-lobe effects for a space-borne CMB experiment. We introduce uncertainties in the beam model, and propagate the beam effects through all the steps of the analysis pipeline, most importantly including component separation, up to the cosmological results in the form of a bias δr. As a demonstration of our framework, we derive requirements on the calibration and modeling for the LiteBIRD's beams under given assumptions on design, simulation, component separation method and allocated error budget. In particular, we assume a parametric method of component separation with no mitigation of the far side-lobes effect at any stage of the analysis pipeline. We show that δr is mostly due to the integrated fractional power difference between the estimated beams and the true beams in the far side-lobes region, with little dependence on the actual shape of the beams, for low enough δr. Under our set of assumptions, in particular considering the specific foreground cleaning method we used, we find that the integrated fractional power in the far side-lobes should be known at the level of ∼ 10-4, to achieve the required limit on the bias δr < 1.9 × 10-5. The framework and tools developed for this study can be easily adapted to provide requirements under different design, data analysis frameworks and for other future space-borne experiments, such as PICO or CMB-Bharat. We further discuss the limitations of this framework and potential extensions to circumvent them.Financial Institutions available on: 10.1088/1475-7516/2024/06/011 (p.34)5.3 Q1 JCR 20230.932 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
La creación de cómic como estrategia para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico: una propuesta didáctica en el Grado de Periodismo
No full textEl desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en el ámbito universitario es una prioridad educativa. La juventud, ante los diferentes desafíos globales y una transmisión cada vez más abundante de información, debe adqui-rir las habilidades necesarias para analizar de forma crítica la realidad que le circunda. La presente experiencia parte de un proyecto de investigación que pre-tende poner en práctica ciertas capacidades del pensamiento crítico del alumnado de Periodismo a través de la elaboración de reportajes perio-dísticos en formato cómic sobre distintos aspectos del fenómeno migra-torio, pues el pensamiento crítico no implica únicamente la capacidad de cuestionar y evaluar ideas y argumentos, sino que construye nuevos conocimientos partiendo de la comprensión reflexiva de la realidad.Sin financiación.SPI 2022UE