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Damaging effects of UVA, blue light, and infrared radiation: in vitro assessment on a reconstructed full-thickness human skin
No full textIntroduction: Exposure to solar radiation can cause a range of skin damage, including sunburn, erythema, skin carcinogenesis, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, DNA damage, and photoaging. Other wavelengths beyond UVB, such as UVA, blue light, and infrared radiation, can also contribute to the harmful effects of solar radiation. Reconstructed full-thickness human skin has the potential to serve as effective predictive in vitro tools for evaluating the effects of solar radiation on the skin. The aim of this work was to evaluate the damaging effects of UVA, blue light, and infrared radiation in a full-thickness skin model in terms of viability, inflammation, photoaging, tissue damage, photocarcinogenesis.
Methods: Full thickness skin models were purchased from Henkel (Phenion FT; Düsseldorf, Germany), and irradiated with increasing doses of UVA, blue light, or infrared radiation. Different endpoints were analyzed on the tissues: Hematoxylin-eosin staining, inflammation mediators, photoaging-related dermal markers and oxidative stress marker GPX1, evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR, as well as photocarcinogenesis markers by Western Blot.
Results and Discussion: The results showed differential responses in cytokine release for each light source. In terms of photoaging biomarkers, collagen, metalloproteinases 1 and 9, elastin, and decorin were modulated by UVA and blue light exposure, while not all these markers were affected by infrared radiation. Furthermore, exposure to UVA and blue light induced loss of fibroblasts and modulation of the photocarcinogenesis markers p53 and p21. In conclusion, the presented results suggest that the various wavelengths of solar light have distinct and differential damaging effects on the skin. Understanding the differential effects of UVA, blue light, and infrared radiation can serve as a valuable tool to investigate the efficacy of photoprotective agents in full thickness skin models.Ministry of Science and Innovation (ID2020-114871RB-I00 (JC)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/01363 (JM)) and CIBERES (CB06/06/0027)Ministry of Science and Innovation, CDTi (ARTSKIN IDI-20190271)3.9 Q2 JCR 20220.909 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE
COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review on Cardiovascular Alterations, Immunity, and Therapeutics in Older Adults
No full textHere, we present a review focusing on three relevant issues related to COVID-19 and its impact in older adults (60 years and older). SARS-CoV-2 infection starts in the respiratory system, but the development of systemic diseases accompanied by severe clinical manifestations has also been reported, with cardiovascular and immune system dysfunction being the major ones. Additionally, the presence of comorbidities and aging represent major risk factors for the severity and poor prognosis of the disease. Since aging-associated decline has been largely related to immune and cardiovascular alterations, we sought to investigate the consequences and the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies to understand the severity of the illness in this population. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on both systems should translate into comprehensive and improved medical care for elderly COVID-19 patients, preventing cardiovascular as well as immunological alterations in this population. Approved therapies that contribute to the improvement of symptoms and a reduction in mortality, as well as new therapies in development, constitute an approach to managing these disorders. Among them, we describe antivirals, cytokine antagonists, cytokine signaling pathway inhibitors, and vaccines.Sin financiación3.9 Q2 JCR 20220.935 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
The Effect of the Texture of Two Energy Bars on the Oral Processing of Cyclists: An Exploratory Study
No full textIn cycling, a wide range of ergogenic foods with a variety of flavours, shapes, and textures are available. The timing of their consumption and their correct oral processing can influence the performance of athletes. Furthermore, the differences in the texture of energy bars could result in differences in the chewing required. Nonetheless, research in this area is still scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse how the consumption of two energy bars with different textures (viscous versus hard) influenced the variables of oral processing, pedalling intensity, and the perception of satisfaction among cyclists. Ten cyclists performed two 15 min sections on a cycle ergometer at a moderate intensity (120–130 W) and consumed one of the two energy bars at random in each of the sections. The results showed that a shorter chewing duration and a fewer number of chews were required to consume the softer bar (p 0.7). However, no differences among the cyclists were observed in the intensity of pedalling or perception of satisfaction. Nevertheless, participants were able to distinguish between the two different textures while pedalling. In conclusion, the texture of energy bars altered the oral processing of cyclists but did not affect pedalling intensity or perception of satisfaction.Sin financiación2.7 Q2 JCR 20220.492 Q2 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
La seguridad nacional frente a los procesos de radicalización de grupos terroristas y el respeto a la libertad religiosa
No full textLa aparición de grupos yihadistas en Europa y España ha supuesto la necesidad de abordar la lucha contra el terrorismo de una forma particular, ya que la amenaza de estos grupos se produce dentro y fuera de nuestras fronteras, bajo un sustrato ideológico basado en una interpretación extrema de la religión islámica. Dadas las particularidades de estos grupos, a través de la Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional de 2021, España fija una serie de líneas de actuación para hacer frente a los procesos de radicalización violenta y la lucha contra este tipo de terrorismo.The appearance of jihadist groups in Europe and Spain has meant the need to approach the fight against terrorism in a particular way, since the threat of these groups occurs inside and outside our borders, under an ideological substrate based on an extreme interpretation of the Islamic religion. Given the particularities of these groups, through the 2021 National Security Strategy, Spain establishes a series of lines of action to deal with the processes of violent radicalization and the fight against this type of terrorism.Sin financiaciónNo data 2022UE
The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on Lung Function Impairment: Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors increasingly present in the world's population. People with this syndrome are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, evidence has shown that it affects different organs. MetS and its risk factors are independently associated with impaired lung function, which can be quantified through spirometric variables.
Objective: This study aims to determine whether a high number of MetS criteria is associated with increased lung function decline.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1980 workers. Workers with acute respiratory pathology (eg, influenza), chronic respiratory pathology (eg, chronic bronchitis), or exposure to substances harmful to the lungs (eg, organic and inorganic dust) were not included. MetS was established based on harmonized criteria, and lung function was assessed according to spirometric variables. On the basis of these, classification into restrictive lung disease (RLD), obstructive lung disease, and mixed lung disease (MLD) was performed. In addition, the association between MetS and lung function was established based on analysis of covariance, linear trend analysis, and multiple linear regression.
Results: MetS was associated with worse lung function according to all the spirometric parameters analyzed (percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second: mean 83, SD 13.8 vs mean 89.2, SD 12.8; P<.001 and percentage of predicted forced vital capacity: mean 85.9, SD 11.6 vs mean 92, SD 11.3; P<.001). Moreover, those diagnosed with MetS had a higher prevalence of lung dysfunction (41% vs 21.9%; P<.001), RLD (23.4% vs 11.2%; P<.001), and MLD (7.3% vs 2.2%; P<.001). Furthermore, an increasing number of MetS criteria was associated with a greater impairment of pulmonary mechanics (P<.001). Similarly, with an increasing number of MetS criteria, there was a significant linear trend (P<.001) in the growth of the prevalence ratio of RLD (0 criteria: 1, 1: 1.46, 2: 1.52, 3: 2.53, 4: 2.97, and 5: 5.34) and MLD (0 criteria: 1, 1: 2.68, 2: 6.18, 3: 9.69, and 4: 11.37). Regression analysis showed that the alteration of all MetS risk factors, adjusted for various explanatory variables, was significantly associated with a worsening of spirometric parameters, except for forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity.
Conclusions: The findings have shown that an increase in cardiometabolic risk factors is associated with a more significant worsening of spirometric variables and a higher prevalence of RLD and MLD. As spirometry could be a crucial tool for monitoring patients at risk of developing chronic pathologies, we conclude that this inexpensive and easily accessible test could help detect changes in lung function in patients with cardiometabolic disorders. This highlights the need to consider the importance of cardiometabolic health in lung function when formulating public health policies.Sin financiación8.5 Q1 JCR 20221.547 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2021UE
A Chronicle of Liberal Thought in Spain: From Salamanca to Vienna Through Madrid
No full textThis chapter offers a personal account of the diffusion of Austrian thought in Madrid, with central reference to the teaching of Jesús Huerta de Soto. Following a route similar to that of Hayek or Rothbard, the author describes the relationship between the sixteenth-century Salamancan Doctors and the Austrian School of Economics. It all begins with the Seminar of the Complutense University of Madrid, at the beginning of the 1990s, where Huerta de Soto gathered a group of students and professors who, over time, would disseminate Austrian principles through various initiatives—Austrian principles through various national and international initiatives. The narration is completed by mentioning a large number of people who in some way have been part of this project.Sin financiaciónSPI 2022UE
La tutela del derecho de libertad religiosa y de conciencia en el entorno laboral, a la luz de la Carta de Derechos Digitales
No full textMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (01/09/2021-31/08/2024) (Proyecto de Investigación PID2020-112731RB-I00 “La garantía de los derechos digitales en el ámbito laboral: políticas empresariales, ejercicio de derechos y límites al poder de control del trabajo”)SPI 2022UE
Think Aloud Protocol and Decision Tree for Driver Behavior Modeling at Roundabouts
No full textLearning from human driver’s strategies for undertaking complex traffic scenarios has the potential to improve decision-making methods for designing ADAS systems, as well as for design selfdriving rules for automated vehicles. This paper proposes a human-like decision-making algorithm built up from human drivers experiential naturalistic driving. The approach of this work consists of exploring two main techniques. Firstly, the use of ‘‘think aloud protocol’’ to build a dataset based on naturalistic driving, capturing driver’s intentions. Afterwards, the technique of decision tree is used to generate an algorithm to categorize driving patterns as a function of circumstantial driving parameters. The study is focused on simple roundabouts in presence of other vehicles. The decision tree is translated into algorithmic rules, where the
tree pathways are represented as ‘if-then’ clauses, resulting in a model of driver behavior at roundabouts.
Finally, the accuracy of the driver behavior model has been assessed, yielding promising results.Investigación+Desarrollo+innovación (I+D+i) Projects (Grant Number: PID2019-104793RB-C32, PIDC2021-121517-C33 and PDC2022-133684-C33)Ministerio de ciencia e innovación/ Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI)/10.13039/501100011033 through (S2018/EMT-4362/SEGVAUTO4.0-CM)3.9 Q2 JCR 20220.926 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Análisis estratégico de la conducta competitiva del sector de vehículos eléctricos en España. Concentración y penetración de mercados
No full textEsta obra analiza la conducta competitiva de las empresas fabricantes de vehículos eléctricos en España. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de las acciones estratégicas que estas compañías han implantado en los últimos años para mejorar su posicionamiento de mercado; prestando especial atención a la influencia de algunos factores, tales como las estrategias de concentración y penetración. También se aborda la conveniencia de realizar acciones colaboradoras entre las empresas fabricantes de vehículos eléctricos que operan en el sector, así como el beneficio de llevar a cabo acciones de tipo primario o secundario según el modelo de la cadena de valor.Sin financiaciónNo data 2022UE
The Influence of Gender on Hip Range of Motion, Hip Muscle Strength, Gluteus Medius Thickness and M-Mode Ultrasound Examination in Asymptomatic University Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textIntroduction:
Physical activity is a proposed factor int the development of hip pathologies in male and female. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of gender on isometric hip muscle strength, hip range of motion and gluteus medius thickness at rest, during contraction and onset activation.
Material and methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out. Hip range of motion, hip muscle strength and gluteus medius thickness at rest, (B-Mode) and onset activation (M-Mode) were measured in thirty asymptomatic university athletes without history hip pain.
Results:
A total of fifteen males (30 hips) and fifteen females (30 hips) with a mean age of 22 ± 6.5 and 20 ± 2.75 years old were recruited. Females demonstrated greater hip range of motion in flexion, abduction and internal rotation in dominant and non-dominant legs (p .05). Furthermore, females showed less isometric hip muscle strength in hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation (p .05). In addition, female exhibited less gluteus medius thickness at muscle contraction, less differences in rest-contaction thickness, but no differences were observed for rest thickness or contraction velocity.
Conclusions:
This study found that asymptomatic female athletes demonstrated greater hip flexion, abduction and internal rotation ROM, less isometric hip muscle strength and different gluteus medius thickness and onset activation compared with asymptomatic male athletes.Sin financiación3.9 Q2 JCR 20220.799 Q2 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE