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Physical demands on professional Spanish football referees during matches
No full textBackground
Refereeing is a demanding and intermittent activity that combines high-speed and low-intensity action
Objective
The aim of this study is to analyse the external and internal load of professional Spanish football referees during matches, and to compare the physical demands between halves and between referees in different categories
Methods
The physical demands on 40 professional football referees from the first and second divisions were recorded using global positioning system (GPS) technology and heart rate bands. External load (distance covered, speed, acceleration and deceleration) and internal load (perceived exertion [RPE] and heart rate [HR]) were analysed
Results
The referees in the first division reported lower mean HR and RPE results than those in the second division (p 0.05), but the distance covered at different speed ranges was different (p < 0.05). Finally, greater reductions in performance between the first and the second halves were found in the second division referees (p < 0.05)
Conclusions
The results of this study show differences according to the category of referee. This emphasises the need for specific training for professional referees according to their level to ensure optimal performance during matches.Sin financiación3.4 Q1 JCR 20221.233 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Implementation of a game-based practical workshop to increase the learning and motivation in the study of facial muscles
No full textFisiología del Sistema Estomatognático es una asignatura de carácter básico en el plan de estudios del grado en Odontología y es imprescindible para que los estudiantes comprendan, entre otros conceptos, las funciones de los tejidos y músculos orofaciales. Sin embargo, esta asignatura puede resultar compleja y con una alta cantidad de contenidos para los estudiantes, lo que puede afectar su motivación e interés por la materia. Para incrementar el aprendizaje y motivación de los estudiantes, se realizó un taller práctico basado en el juego, durante una sesión práctica, consistentes en el reconocimiento de los músculos faciales involucrados en la masticación, la deglución y la articulación del habla. Al finalizar la actividad, los estudiantes respondieron a una encuesta de valoración, dando su opinión sobre la repercusión del taller en su aprendizaje y motivación. Como resultado, los estudiantes valoraron positivamente el taller práctico indicando que éste les permitió entender mejor la función de los músculos faciales y recomendaron la realización de esta actividad a otros estudiantes. Asimismo, el taller les pareció interesante, divertido y gratificante, a la vez que fomentó un ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo al realizarse en parejas.Physiology of the Stomatognathic System is a basic subject in the curriculum of the degree in Dentistry and is essential for students to understand, among other concepts, the functions of orofacial tissues and muscles. However, this subject can be complex and with a high amount of content for students, which can affect their motivation and interest in the subject. In order to increase the learning and motivation of the students, a practical workshop based on games was carried out in a practical session, consisting of the recognition of the facial muscles involved in mastication, swallowing and speech articulation. At the end of the activity, students responded to an evaluation survey, giving their opinion on the impact of the workshop on their learning and motivation. As a result, the students rated the practical workshop positively, indicating that it gave them a better understanding of the function of the facial muscles and recommended the activity to other students. They also found the workshop interesting, fun and rewarding, as well as fostering a collaborative learning environment by working in pairs.Sin financiaciónSPI 2022UE
Perfil de la Fuerza y Potencia Muscular en Futbolistas Profesionales Femeninas de la Liga Colombiana
No full textIntroducción: el fútbol femenino tiene diferencias en comparación con el masculino principalmente a nivel fisiológico, estructural y funcional. El género femenino presenta diferencias a nivel antropométrico en la relación entre la masa muscular y grasa, altura y peso. Se evidencian diferencias anatómicas y biomecánicas entre la relación de cadera, rodilla y tobillo y cambios fisiológicos a nivel metabólico y hormonal que producen cambios en las respuestas de los sistemas cardiovascular, osteomuscular y neuromuscular ante estímulos físicos, lo cual condiciona la evolución de habilidades y capacidades físicas condicionales. Metodología: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo donde se realizó la evaluación de la fuerza, potencia, pico de fuerza excéntrica y concéntrica a 21 jugadoras femeninas a nivel general y por posición del fútbol profesional colombiano con el dispositivo kMeter en combinación con la maquina inercial kBox Exxentric 4. Resultados: se obtuvieron resultados generales de valores de fuerza de 506N±169,1N (rango= 250N-808N); potencia de 231,6 W±64,8W (rango 108W-370W); pico de fuerza concéntrica de 549,4W ±171.8W (Rango299W-958W) y finalmente el pico de fuerza excéntrica de 554,5W ±193,3W (Rango 239W-1007W). Conclusiones: el fútbol femenino debe desarrollar modelos de trabajo enfocados en el aumento de cualidades físicas y en la creación de jugadoras con altos perfiles de habilidades para el rendimiento deportivo, esto debe realizarse desde etapas de formación enfocadas en selecciones nacionales. Se pudo determinar perfiles de fuerza, potencia, potencia pico concéntrica y excéntrica en jugadoras de fútbol profesional femenino lo cual visibiliza la importancia de la monitorización del rendimiento deportivo y su optimización basadas en ciclos de trabajo.Introduction: female soccer has differences in comparison with male soccer mainly at physiological, structural and functional levels. The female gender presents differences at anthropometric level in the relationship between muscle mass and fat, height and weight. Anatomical and biomechanical differences are evidenced between the hip, knee and ankle relationship and physiological changes at metabolic and hormonal level that produce changes in the responses of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems to physical stimuli, which conditions the evolution of skills and conditional physical abilities. Methodology: a descriptive study was carried out where the evaluation of strength was performed, power, eccentric and concentric peak strength of 21 female players at a general level and by position of the Colombian professional soccer with the kMeter device in combination with the inertial machine kBox Exxentric 4. Results: were obtained general results of strength values of 506N±169.1N (range= 250N-808N); power of 231.6 W±64.8W (range 108W-370W); peak concentric force of 549.4W ±171. 8W (Range299W-958W) and finally the peak eccentric strength of 554.5W ±193.3W (Range 239W-1007W). Conclusions: women's soccer should develop work models focused on increasing physical qualities and creating players with high skill profiles for sports performance, this should be done from training stages focused on national teams. It was possible to determine profiles of strength, power, concentric and eccentric peak power in female professional soccer players, which shows the importance of monitoring sports performance and its optimization based on work cycles.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 2022No data SJR 20220,47 C2 IDR 202
Effectiveness of worksite wellness programs based on physical activity to improve workers’ health and productivity: a systematic review
No full textBackground
Although the scientific literature has previously described the impact of worksite programs based on physical activity (WPPAs) on employees’ productivity and health in different contexts, the effect of these programs has not been analyzed based on the characteristics or modalities of physical activity (PA) performed (e.g., aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility). In addition, studies on WPPAs usually report health and productivity outcomes separately, not integrated into a single study. Knowing the health and economic-related impacts of a WPPAs could provide useful information for stakeholders and policy development.
Objective
The purpose of this review was as follows: (1) to analyze the effect of different modalities of WPPAs on employees’ productivity and health and (2) to investigate the economic impact of WPPAs.
Methods
This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021230626) and complies with PRISMA guidelines. Only randomized controlled trials from 1997 to March 2021 were included. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts for study eligibility, extracted the data, and performed a quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials. Population, instruments, comparison, and outcome (PICO) elements were used to define eligibility criteria. Eight-hundred sixty relevant studies were found through electronic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases. Once the eligibility criteria were applied, a total of 16 papers were included.
Results
Workability was the productivity variable most positively impacted by WPPAs. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and musculoskeletal symptoms health variables improved in all the studies included. It was not possible to fully examine the effectiveness of each exercise modality because of the heterogeneity in methodology, duration, and working population. Finally, cost-effectiveness could not be analyzed because this information was not reported in most studies.
Conclusion
All types of WPPAs analyzed improved workers’ productivity and health. However, the heterogeneity of WPPAs does not allow to identify which modality is more effective.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Formation of University Teachers (FPU19/00146)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF “A way of making Europe.” (EQC2019-005843-P)3.7 Q2 JCR 20221.269 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2021UE
The Impact of Anorexia Nervosa and the Basis for Non-Pharmacological Interventions
No full textAnorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with an unknown etiology that is characterized by an individual’s preoccupation with their weight and body structure while denying the severity of their low body weight. Due to the fact that anorexia nervosa is multifaceted and may indicate the coexistence of genetic, social, hormonal, and psychiatric disorders, a description of non-pharmacological interventions can be used to ameliorate or reduce the symptoms of this condition. Consequently, the purpose of the present narrative review is to describe the profile’s context in the anorexic person as well as the support they would require from their family and environment. In addition, it is aimed at examining preventative and non-pharmacological interventions, such as nutritional interventions, physical activity interventions, psychological interventions, psychosocial interventions, and physical therapy interventions. To reach the narrative review aims, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications, and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. Nutritional interventions include nutritional education and an individualized treatment for each patient, physical activity interventions include allowing patients to perform controlled physical activity, psychological interventions include family therapy and evaluation of the existence of other psychological disorders, psychosocial interventions include management of the relationship between the patient and social media and physical therapy interventions include relaxation massages and exercises to relieve pain. All these non-pharmacological interventions need to be individualized based on each patient’s needs.Universidad Europea de Madrid (2021/UEM37)5.9 Q1 JCR 20221.291 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2021UE
Comunicación gráfica y representación didáctica en tiempos de pandemia: un análisis compositivo y contextual
No full textEn el consolidado entorno digital en el que se desarrolla la acción de los medios masivos de comunicación, la imagen se ha posicionado como un valor en alza, atractora de miradas y de intereses en las redes sociales, así como una eficaz, dinámica y clara fuente de transmisión de la información. Las imágenes didáctico-científicas juegan un papel esencial en este período de pandemia al tratar de exponer con veracidad y universalidad tanto las medidas de seguridad y salud, como los resultados que son mostrados por los múltiples y variados estudios científicos sobre la capacidad de transmisión del virus COVID-19.
El presente trabajo de investigación trata de desvelar las estrategias gráficas compositivas de las infografías: diagramas, gráficos, mapas e ilustraciones didácticas y científicas, mostradas en las publicaciones periódicas digitales relacionadas con la actual pandemia, para establecer una muestra sintética de las prácticas de comunicación gráfica realizadas a lo largo de este período pandémico. Para ello se ha considerado una serie de valores gráficos en relación a los elementos básicos del lenguaje visual, su estructura gramatical y tipo de representación utilizada, así como un análisis contextual y relacional de cada imagen para enmarcarla en el espacio y tiempo en el que ha sido publicada, y su vinculación con el mensaje que se deseaba transmitir.
Las infografías realizadas con gráficos y mapas son herramientas muy potentes para comunicar de forma actualizada y comprensible las relaciones numéricas que se obtienen al extraer los datos estadísticos sobre el impacto de la pandemia en la sociedad. Pero su uso e interpretación en algunas ocasiones ha venido acompañado de tergiversaciones y juicios de valor tendenciosos o poco rigurosos. Por lo que, en la actual situación de crisis sanitaria, pero también socio-económica, es necesario avanzar en el conocimiento sobre la interpretación y uso adecuado de estas imágenes.Sin financiaciónSPIUE
The impact of government actions and risk perception on the promotion of self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textIntroduction
We aim to understand the factors that drive citizens of different countries to adhere to recommended self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Survey data was obtained through the COVID-19 Impact project. We selected countries that presented a sufficiently complete time series and a statistically relevant sample for running the analysis: Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. To identify country-specific differences in self-protective behaviors, we used previous evidence and change-point detection analysis to establish variations across participating countries whose effect was then assessed by means of interrupted series analysis.
Results
A high level of compliance with health and governmental authorities’ recommendations were generally observed in all included countries. The level of stress decreased near the period when countries such as Cyprus, Greece or the United Kingdom relaxed their prevention behavior recommendations. However, this relaxation of behaviors did not occur in countries such as Germany, Ireland, or the United States. As observed in the change-point detection analysis, when the daily number of recorded COVID-19 cases decreased, people relaxed their protective behaviors (Cyprus, Greece, Ireland), although the opposite trend was observed in Switzerland.
Discussion
COVID-19 self-protective behaviors were heterogeneous across countries examined. Our findings show that there is probably no single winning strategy for exiting future health crises, as similar interventions, aimed to promote self-protective behaviors, may be received differently depending on the specific population groups and on the particular geographical context in which they are implemented.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades: DCODES (PID2020-118589RB-I00)MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/5011000110333.7 Q2 JCR 20220.885 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Social perception of mesocarnivores within hunting areas differs from actual species abundance
No full textAnalyzing how similar social perception and ecological field data are might help identify potential biases in identifying and managing human-carnivore conflicts. We analyzed the degree of similarity between the perceived and field-measured relative abundance to unveil whether attitude towards carnivores of two groups of stakeholders, namely hunters and other local people, is underpinned or it is instead biased by alternative factors. Our results indicate that, in general, mesocarnivore perceived abundances were generally different to actual species abundance. We also found that the perceived abundance and attributed damage to small game species were related with respondents’ ability to identify the carnivore species. We underline the existence of bias and the need to increase people knowledge on species distribution and ecological characteristics before adopting decisions when managing human-carnivore conflicts, especially for stakeholders that are directly involved in.Sin financiación3.7 Q2 JCR 20220.885 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
The burden of peri-operative work at night as perceived by anaesthesiologists
No full textBackground: No international data are available on the night working conditions and workload of anaesthesiologists and their opinions about associated risks.
Objective: The aim of this international survey was to describe the peri-operative night working conditions of anaesthesiologists and their perception of the impact these conditions have on patient outcomes and their own quality of life.
Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Setting: Not applicable.
Participants: Anaesthesiologists providing peri-operative care during night shifts responded to an online survey promoted by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC).
Interventions: None.
Main outcome measure: Twenty-eight closed questions.
Results: Overall 5292 complete responses were analysed. Of these, 920 were from trainees. The median reported monthly number of night shifts was 4 [IQR 3-6]. An irregular weekly night shift schedule was most common (51%). Almost all the respondents (98%) declared that their centres have no relevant institutional programmes to monitor stress or fatigue. Most respondents (90%) had received no training or information regarding performance improvement methods for night work. Most respondents were of the opinion that sleep deprivation affects their professional performance (71%) and that their fatigue during night work may increase the peri-operative risk for their patients (74%). Furthermore, 81% of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that night work represents an additional risk per se for patient safety, and 77% stated that their night work affects the quality of their daily life significantly or extremely.
Conclusion: Anaesthesiologists commonly perform perioperative night work without appropriate training, education or support on this specific condition. They perceive current practice as adversely affecting their professional performance and the safety of their patients. They also report significant effects on their own quality of life. Adequate training and education for night work may ally some of these concerns and programmes to monitor workers' stress and fatigue should be mandated to assess whether these concerns are justified.Sin financiación3.0 Q2 JCR 20221.264 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
How Family Character Affect the Financing of Environmental Protection Strategies and Energy-Saving Measures
No full textFamily firms have been consolidating for years as a very important asset in most economies in the European Union. Developing from the influence of the family on the core objectives, these firms show specific features on how internal processes are developed. These differences may also be reflected in their attitude towards corporate social responsibility and environmental olicies. The present paper focusses on their behaviour on environmental responsibility, specifically referring to the energy-saving issue. Empirical results, based on a sample of 1,771 Spanish manufacturing firms, show that the family character has a positive effect on the proactive environmental strategy. Moreover, different sources of finance may alter this main effect in various ways. Unpredictably, self-financing weakens the positive effect of family ownership on environmental protection and energy saving, whereas
indebtedness is not a barrier, and public support strengthens the positive relationship. Our findings contribute to better understanding the involvement of family firms in responsible behaviour and the impact of different financial sources to promote the challenge of energy for the European UnionSin financiación2.6 Q2 JCR 20220.41 Q2 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE