12398 research outputs found
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Cultivar el pensamiento crítico para eludir la manipulación de información: bulos y contrainformación en la geopolítica actual
No full textSin financiaciónSPI 2022UE
Efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: This systematic review and meta-analysis examines how pulmonary rehabilitation impacts in patients suffering from subacute and long COVID-19 infections, gauging enhancements in of dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, psychological state (anxiety and depression), and fatigue.
Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for full-text articles published from inception to January 2023. Randomized, quasi-experimental, and observational studies were included, with adults diagnosed with subacute or long COVID-19 who received pulmonary rehabilitation as intervention. Outcomes related to dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, fatigue, and psychological status were included. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials and Risk of bias in non-randomized studies of intervention. The review was registered before starting in PROSPERO (CRD: 42022373075).
Results: Thirty-four studies were included, involving 1970 patients with subacute and long COVID-19. The meta-analysis demonstrated moderate to large effects on dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, and depressive symptoms compared to usual care intervention. No significant differences were found in fatigue compared to usual care, nor in anxiety levels after pulmonary rehabilitation intervention.
Conclusions: Pulmonary rehabilitation has the potential to improve health outcomes in patients with subacute and long COVID-19. However, due to the high risk of bias of included studies, conclusions should be taken with caution.Sin financiación4.7 Q1 JCR 20220.897 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UEMUE
Exploring the Evolutionary Disparities: A Case Study on the Psychophysiological Response to Recreating the Hunter–Gatherer Lifestyle through Physical Activity and Caloric Restriction
No full textPhysical activity has been instrumental in shaping the human body throughout evolution, but modern sedentary lifestyles and excessive caloric intake have contributed to chronic diseases. This study investigates the potential benefits of recreating the hunter–gatherer lifestyle, involving physical activity and caloric restriction on psychophysiological responses. The aim is to understand the evolutionary disparities between ancestral and modern lifestyles. Two male participants, one fasting and one control, were analyzed during a 4-day walking event without caloric consumption. Psychophysiological parameters such as body mass, cortical arousal, hand-grip strength, lower limb strength, heart rate variability, reaction time, hydration status, blood glucose and lactate levels, urine markers, sleep quality, pain perception, stress levels, and perceived exertion were measured. The fasting participant exhibited higher ratings of perceived exertion, stress, pain, and dehydration. They also experienced poorer sleep quality, higher Creatinkinase levels, greater protein presence in urine, decreased lower limb strength, significant weight loss, and increased lactate values. Heart rate variability did not differ significantly between the fasting and control participants. Recreating the hunter–gatherer lifestyle through physical activity and caloric restriction can have implications for enhancing performance and improving overall health. However, further research is needed to better understand the complex interplay of factors involved in the psychophysiological responses to such interventions.Sin financiación2.7 Q2 JCR 20220.492 Q2 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Predicting Recommendation Of Sporting Events: A Study Of Satisfaction Levels Among Tennis Event Promoters And Non-Promoters
No full textHow satisfied are the promoters and non-promoters of sporting events? How related are their satisfaction and their likelihood of recommending the event? This work aims: a) to determine the differences in the degree of satisfaction between promoters and non-promoters of the event, and b) to establish a predictive model identifying the variables that provide a greater probability of not recommending the event.2021/UEM27No data 2022UE
Cocoa Polyphenols Prevent Age-Related Hearing Loss and Frailty in an In Vivo Model
No full textAge-related hearing loss (ARHL) impairs the quality of life in elderly persons. ARHL is associated with comorbidities, such as depression, falls, or frailty. Frailty syndrome is related to poor health outcomes in old age. ARHL is a potentially modifiable risk factor for frailty. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key factor underlying the onset and/or development of ARHL and frailty. Cocoa has high levels of polyphenols and provides many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to two study groups: animals receiving a cocoa-supplemented diet and the other receiving a standard diet. Then, at the ages of 6, 14, and 22 months, hearing and frailty were measured in all mice. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) threshold shifts were measured to different frequencies. The frailty score was based on the “Valencia Score” adapted to the experimental animals. The total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols in urine samples were also measured. Significant improvements in hearing ability are observed in the cocoa groups at 6, 14, and 22 months compared to the no cocoa group. The cocoa diet significantly retards the development of frailty in mice. Cocoa increases the concentration of polyphenols excreted in the urine, which increases the total antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, cocoa, due to its antioxidant properties, leads to significant protection against ARHL and frailty.Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain) (P19/01524)7.0 Q1 JCR 20221.084 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Tree sparrow nests as indicators of plastic pollution in anthropized environments
No full textNowadays, plastic stands out as one of the most widespread pollutants in natural environments. While much research has concentrated on plastic pollution in marine ecosystems, it's essential to acknowledge that plastic also impacts terrestrial ecology. Birds, which construct nests using a variety of locally available materials, are not exempt from this
influence, as they sometimes incorporate plastics of human origin into their nesting materials. This study seeks to investigate whether the propensity to include such anthropogenic materials also extends to birds that construct nests within enclosed spaces, such as nest boxes. To accomplish this, we examined a total of 11 tree sparrow nests, categorizing the materials comprising these nests and placing a specific focus on the portion derived from human activities, notably plastics. Additionally, we explored whether there was
a preference among these birds for specific colours and types of anthropogenic materials when constructing their nests, which might be influenced by the availability of these
materials in the local area. Our findings revealed that vegetal materials constituted the primary component of the nests, followed by animal-derived materials and anthropogenic materials. Interestingly, this final category of material is present in all of the examined nests and there appeared to be a distinct preference among the birds for incorporating black and filamentous anthropogenic materials over other types and colours. This suggests that these birds may exhibit selectivity in their choice of human-made materials, possibly due to factors
related to availability, suitability for its resistance or simply due to confusing it with similar naturally occurring material.Sin financiaciónSPI 2022UE
Do Women Physicians Accept and Follow Heart Failure Guidelines More Than Men?
No full textPurpose of review: Our aim was to assess the degree of acceptance of the European Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) on heart failure (HF) among Spanish physicians according to sex. This was a cross-sectional study, employing Google Forms, conducted by a group of HF experts from the Region of Madrid (Spain), between November 2021 and February 2022, among specialists and residents of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, and Primary Care from Spain.
Recent findings: A total of 387 physicians-173 women (44.7%)-from 128 different centers completed the survey. Compared to men, women were significantly younger (38.2 ± 9.1 years vs. 40.6 ± 11.2 years; p = 0.024) and had fewer years of clinical practice (12.1 ± 8.1 years vs. 14.5 ± 10.7 years; p = 0.014). Briefly, women and men had a positive opinion of the guidelines and thought that implementing quadruple therapy is feasible in less than 8 weeks. Women followed more frequently than men the new paradigm of "4 pillars at lowest doses" and considered more frequently the establishment of quadruple therapy before implanting a cardiac device. Although they agreed about "low blood pressure" as the major limitation for achieving quadruple therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, there were discrepancies on the second most frequent barrier, and women were more proactive when initiating SGLT2 inhibitors. In a large survey including nearly 400 doctors from all over Spain to provide real-world opinion on 2021 ESC HF Guidelines and experience with SGLT2 inhibitors, women follow more frequently the new paradigm of "4 pillars at lowest doses", consider more frequently the establishment of quadruple therapy before implanting a cardiac device, and were more proactive when initiating SGLT2 inhibitors. Further studies confirming an association of sex with a better compliance of HF guidelines are needed.Sin financiación3.5 * JCR 20220.767 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with stable heart failure. Prevalence and associated factors
No full textIntroducción y objetivos
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) está muy presente en la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). Sin embargo, su prevalencia, su variación circadiana y la relación con los fenotipos de IC es poco conocida. Nuestro objetivo es describir esta prevalencia y sus patrones en la IC.
Métodos
Estudio observacional y transversal sobre la IC crónica estable optimizada. Se obtuvo la presión arterial (PA) en consulta y monitorización ambulatoria durante 24 h. Se estimó la prevalencia de HTA, sus patrones diurnos (controlada, no controlada, de bata blanca y enmascarada) y nocturnos (dipper, nondipper y reverse dipper). Se analizaron factores asociados con patrones y fenotipos de IC.
Resultados
Entre 2017 y 2021, se incluyó a 266 pacientes con una media de edad de 72 ± 12 años; el 67% eran varones y el 46% tenían IC con FEVI reducida. El 83% tenía HTA: el 68% controlada, el 10% no controlada, el 10% de bata blanca y el 11% enmascarada. El 51% de los pacientes con PA elevada en consulta resultaron en HTA de bata blanca. El 14% de los pacientes con PA normal en consulta tenían HTA enmascarada. Las prevalencias de dipper, nondipper y reverse dipper fueron del 31, el 43 y el 26% respectivamente. La PA sistólica fue menor en la IC con FEVI reducida que en la IC con FEVI conservada (p < 0,001).
Conclusiones
La monitorización ambulatoria de la PA en IC identificó HTA de bata blanca en más de la mitad de los pacientes con PA elevada en consulta y un porcentaje relevante de HTA enmascarada. La distribución de patrones diurnos fue similar a la de la población sin IC descrita. Sin embargo, la mayoría tuvo un patrón nocturno patológico.Introduction and objectives
Hypertension is highly common in heart failure (HF). However, there is limited information on its prevalence, circadian variation, and relationship with the various HF phenotypes. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of hypertension and its patterns in HF.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional observational study of patients with optimized stable chronic HF. The patients underwent blood pressure (BP) measurement in the office and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, and its diurnal (controlled, uncontrolled, white coat, and masked) and nocturnal (dipper, nondipper, and reverse dipper) patterns. We also analyzed the factors associated with the different patterns and HF phenotypes.
Results
From 2017 to 2021, 266 patients were included in the study (mean age, 72 ± 12 years, 67% male, 46% with reduced ejection fraction). Hypertension was present in 83%: controlled in 68%, uncontrolled in 10%, white coat in 10%, and masked in 11%. Among patients with high office BP, 51% had white coat hypertension. Among those with normal office BP, 14% had masked hypertension. The prevalence of dipper, nondipper, and reverse dipper patterns was 31%, 43%, and 26%, respectively. Systolic BP was lower in HF with reduced ejection fraction than in HF with preserved ejection fraction (P < .001).
Conclusions
Ambulatory BP monitoring in HF identified white coat hypertension in more than half of patients with high office BP and masked hypertension in a relevant percentage of patients. The distribution of daytime patterns was similar to that of the population without HF in the literature, but most of the study patients had a pathological nocturnal pattern.Sin financiación5.9 Q1 JCR 20220.463 Q3 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Vericiguat in the current management of the patients with heart failure
No full textEn los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y fracción de eyección reducida (ICFEr), sufrir una descompensación de insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) supone un verdadero punto de inflexión en la enfermedad, ya que indica la progresión de esta y se asocia con un elevado riesgo de muerte u hospitalización por IC a corto plazo. La alteración de la vía óxido nítrico-guanilato ciclasa soluble juega un papel fundamental en la etiopatogenia y el desarrollo de la ICFEr. El vericiguat es un estimulador oral de la vía óxido nítrico-guanilato ciclasa soluble que permite restaurar este sistema. El estudio VICTORIA es el primer gran ensayo clínico en el que se han incluido pacientes con ICFEr y una descompensación reciente de IC, mostrando los efectos beneficiosos de añadir vericiguat al tratamiento estándar. En el presente trabajo se revisa la evidencia sobre este fármaco, y se expone una propuesta de manejo práctico del mismo. Su buen perfil de seguridad, así como la sencillez de su uso, facilitarán su implementación en la vida real.In patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), experiencing heart failure (HF) decompensation represents a true turning point in the evolution of this condition, as it indicates progression of the disease, and is associated with a high risk of death and early hospitalization for HF. Alteration of the soluble nitric oxide-guanylate cyclase pathway plays a fundamental role in the etiopathogenesis and development of HFrEF. Vericiguat is an oral stimulator of the soluble nitric oxide-guanylate cyclase that allows restoring this system. The VICTORIA study was the first large clinical trial to include patients with HFrEF and recent HF decompensation, showing the beneficial effects of adding vericiguat to standard treatment. In the present work, the evidence on this drug is reviewed and a proposal for its practical management is presented. Its good safety profile, as well as the simplicity of its use, will facilitate its implementation in real life.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20220.138 Q4 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
I hates Mondays: ERP effects of emotion on person agreement
No full textRecent evidence indicates that emotion influences the computation of agreement dependencies based on number or gender. In this event-related potential study, we examined the role of emotion in the processing of person information. Participants made grammatical judgements to sentences with positive, negative and neutral verbs that either matched or mismatched person features of a preceding pronominal subject. Emotion did not modulate P600 amplitude enhancements to agreement violations. Importantly, whereas enhanced LAN effects to all ungrammatical sentences were observed in a cluster of left fronto-central electrodes, only neutral verbs that violated person agreement elicited enhanced LAN amplitudes in a sub-cluster of left frontal electrodes. The narrow distribution of LAN effects to emotion verbs suggests that feature-checking operations dealing with the early detection of person agreement errors are less efficient when words signal affective biologically salient content. Our results favour lexicalist views arguing that lexical and conceptual information influences agreement.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [PGC2018-098558-B-I00, PID2019- 107206GB-I00, RED2018-102615-T]Consejería de Educación e Investigación [H2019/HUM-5705]Universitat Rovira i Virgili [2018PFR-URV-B2-32]2.3 Q1 JCR 20221.089 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE