European University of the Canary Islands
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Instrumental assessment of sleep bruxism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textThis systematic review and meta -analysis (MA) aimed to evaluate the diagnostic validity of portable electromyography (EMG) diagnostic devices compared to the reference standard method polysomnography (PSG) in assessing sleep bruxism. This systematic review was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta -Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO prior to the accomplishment of the main search. Ten clinical studies on humans, assessing the diagnostic accuracy of portable instrumental approaches with respect to PSG, were included in the review. Methodological shortcomings were identified by QUADAS-2 quality assessment. The certainty of the evidence analysis was established by different levels of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. A meta -analysis of diagnostic test accuracy was performed with multiple thresholds per study applying a two-stage random effects model, using the thresholds offered by the studies and based on the number of EMG bruxism events per hour presented by the participants. Five studies were included. The MA indicated that portable EMG diagnostic devices showed a very good diagnostic capacity, although a high variability is evident in the studies with some outliers. Very low quality of evidence due to high risk of bias and high heterogeneity among included studies suggests that portable devices have shown high sensitivity and specificity when diagnosing sleep bruxism (SB) compared to polysomnography. The tests performed in the MA found an estimated optimal cut -off point of 7 events/hour of SB with acceptably high sensitivity and specificity for the EMG portable devices.Sin financiación10.5 Q1 JCR 20223.561 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
Choroidal Thickness Is a Biomarker Associated With Response to Treatment in Ankylosing Spondylitis
No full textObjective
Choroidal thickness (CT) has been evaluated as a marker of systemic inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study evaluates the CT of AS patients before and after 6 months of biological treatment.
Methods
This longitudinal multicenter study evaluated CT in 44 AS patients. The correlations between CT and C-reactive protein (CRP) with disease activity indices were calculated. The concordance between CT and CRP was determined. We assessed factors associated with response to treatment. Clinically important improvement was defined as a decrease in Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score of 1.1 points or greater.
Results
Forty-four eyes in patients aged 18 to 65 years were included. Mean CT values were significantly higher at baseline than after 6 months of treatment (baseline: 355.28 ± 80.46 μm; 6 months: 341.26 ± 81.06 μm; p < 0.001). There was a 95% concordance between CT and CRP at baseline and 6 months. Clinically important improvement was associated with lower baseline CT and age as independent factors (odds ratios, 0.97 [95% confidence interval, 0.91–0.93; p = 0.009] and 0.81 [95% confidence interval, 0.7–0.95; p = 0.005]), with baseline CT of less than 374 μm (sensitivity 78%, specificity 78%, area under the curve 0.70, likelihood ratio 3.6).
Conclusions
Choroidal thickness decreased significantly after 6 months of biological treatment in all treatment groups. Choroidal thickness and CRP had a 95% concordance. A high CT was associated with a risk of biological treatment failure. Choroidal thickness can be considered a useful biomarker of inflammation and a factor associated with response to treatment in AS.Sin financiación3.4 Q3 JCR 20220.539 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 202
Taller de pensamiento 3. No apto para todos los públicos: el cine como manifestación de la ciudadanía en una sociedad líquida
No full textSin financiaciónSPI 2022UE
Childhood obesity and its impact on the characteristics of gait stance phases. A Cross-sectional study
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the variations in foot type, laxity, dynamic characteristics of gait, and the characteristics of the stance phase of gait, in relation to body mass index (BMI) and groups of children of different ages. Additionally, it aimed to explore the correlations between BMI and these variables across children groups of different ages. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 196 infants aged between 5 and 10 years old. The variables assessed included BMI, foot type, laxity, dynamic variables, and characteristics of the stance phase of gait. Significant variations were observed in foot type, laxity, certain dynamic variables, and characteristics of the stance phase of gait between normoweight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) groups among children aged between 5 and 10 years old (p ranged between 0.019 and 0.050). Moreover, BMI was also positively associated with the initial forefoot contact, heel off, total duration of the step, and forefoot contact phase of children 7 to 10 years of age (p ranged between < 0.010 and 0.040). Conclusion: Children who are OW/OB had alterations at different stages of gait. Being OW/OB is related to alterations of the phases of gait mainly from 7 to 10 years of age, and spending more time in each of the phases of walking. This could indicate that children who are OW/OB, in addition to walking slower, overload the musculoskeletal system, subjecting their joints and muscles to greater stress. What is Known: • Children who are overweight (OW) and obese (OB) can experience changes in their musculoskeletal systems, posture, and gait due to increased body mass index. • OW and OB children experience additional stress on their musculoskeletal systems, impacting posture, biomechanics, mobility, physical activity, and daily tasks. Excessive plantar loading is linked to foot pain in adults. What is New: • Body mass index was positively associated with initial forefoot contact, heel off, total duration of the step, and forefoot contact phase in children aged 7 to 10 years old. OW/OB children aged 5-6 exhibited less ankle dorsiflexion and smaller relaxed calcaneal stance position (RCSP) as compared to normal-weight children. • Obese children aged 5-6 showed less pronation excursion, suggesting altered frontal plane movement due to RCSP differences. Children aged 7-8 who are OW/OB spent more time in certain gait phases, particularly in the forefoot contact phase. Being OW/OB is linked to altered gait parameters such as initial forefoot, heel off, total step duration, and forefoot contact phase. Being OW/OB was associated with a longer forefoot contact phase, particularly in the right foot.Sin financiación3.6 Q1 JCR 20221.036 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2023UE
Personality and gender prototypes for predicting health: a multilevel and cluster analysis
No full textPrior studies have identified that mentally healthy people tend to share common characteristics and common ways of coping with stressful life events; they show similar patterns of behavior and more flexible and adaptive social roles. The objectives of the study are to assess the influence of personality factors on gender roles and mental health, to identify personality patterns along with gender roles, and to assess the influence of the patterns identified on mental health. Data collection from a sample of 795 university students was carried out during 2019. Multilevel analyses tested the associations between gender (BSRI) and personality (TIPI) and between personality and health -mental health (GHQ12) and wellbeing (MHC-SF). Cluster analysis explored tendencies of gender and personality, and each cluster showed different health patterns. Individuals with high scores in extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, and very high agreeableness score, as well as high femininity and masculinity scores, presented a decreased psychological morbidity (β= −3.62, 0.57 (SE), p<0.001) and an increased well-being (β=7.68, 1.15 (SE), p<0.001). The most relevant indicators of mental health were identified in androgynous individuals, those individuals with high scores in masculinity and femininity, as well as high scores in extraversion, openness to experience, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.Sin financiación4.5 Q2 JCR 20221.439 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
New insights in mechanical ventilation in the obese patients
No full textSin financiación6.7 Q1 JCR 20221.019 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
What is Spanish regulation on the application of artificial intelligence to medicine like?
No full textThis article will attempt to analyze the current impact of Artificial Intelligence in Spanish healthcare, as well as the challenges that its application poses both from an ethical and legal point of view. Technological advances, which are already being applied in healthcare, make it necessary to adapt the legal system to the new trends that are emerging in society and force healthcare professionals to review their codes of ethics in the face of new ethical dilemmas, since these codes of ethics do not have clear guidelines for action on AI that raise relevant ethical problems to which no response is being given, except for the code of ethics for medicine, which has recently been included. After a review of the last 5 years of Spanish and European regulations in medicine, it can be concluded that the regulation and legislation of the application of AI is very deficient, both in the EU and in Spain. In order to try to identify different ways of resolving conflicts related to AI in medicine, jurisprudential sentences related to the rights and obligations of health professionals, patients and users have been analyzed and reviewed. Therefore, the paper concludes with the proposal of a series of aspects to be taken into account for the future regulation of the application of AI in medicine.Sin financiación3.5 Q1 JCR 20220.705 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Involving Persons With Lived Experience to Improve Vocational Students’ Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Disorders: A Quasi-Experimental Study
No full textBACKGROUND: Mental health problems are estimated to affect one in six individuals in the European Union. Fifty percent of mental disorders start in adolescence, around the age of 14. The stigma associated with having a mental health problem is one of the main barriers to seeking help for psychiatric and psychological disorders among adolescents and young adults. Interventions to reduce social stigma could contribute to increased help-seeking behavior in this population.
AIMS: To assess the effectiveness of a direct contact intervention in the classroom by persons with lived experience to reduce vocational students’ stigmatizing attitudes. METHOD: One person with lived experience and one first-degree relative implemented a classroom intervention lasting 90 min. Its effectiveness was measured using a quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design and within-subject control.
RESULTS: A total of 128 students from three different Vocational and Technical Schools from Spain participated in the study. After the intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the scores of 11 of the 13 dimensions measured with the Spanish Mental Illness Stigma Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27-E) and the Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness (CAMI) questionnaires. No differences associated with gender or familiarity with the mental disorder were observed.
CONCLUSION: Vocational students’ negative attitudes and emotions can be improved through a direct contact intervention in the classroom involving people who have experienced a mental disorder themselves. The age range for optimal results with this type of intervention appears to be 18 to 20 years.Sin financiación2.0 Q2 JCR 20220.587 Q2 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Brain metastases and lung cancer: molecular biology, natural history, prediction of response and efficacy of immunotherapy
No full textBrain metastases stemming from lung cancer represent a common and challenging complication that significantly impacts patients’ overall health. The migration of these cancerous cells from lung lesions to the central nervous system is facilitated by diverse molecular changes and a specific environment that supports their affinity for neural tissues. The advent of immunotherapy and its varied combinations in non-small cell lung cancer has notably improved patient survival rates, even in cases involving brain metastases. These therapies exhibit enhanced penetration into the central nervous system compared to traditional chemotherapy. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of brain metastases in lung cancer and explores the efficacy of novel immunotherapy approaches and their combinations.Fundacion para la Investigacion e Innovacion Biomedica del Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia y Hospital Universitario del Henares (FIIB HUIS HHEN), Paseo de Europa (Madrid, SPAIN) 287025.7 Q1 JCR 20231.868 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: primordial magnetic fields
No full textWe present detailed forecasts for the constraints on the characteristics of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) generated prior to recombination that will be obtained with the LiteBIRD satellite. The constraints are driven by some of the main physical effects of PMFs on the CMB anisotropies: the gravitational effects of magnetically-induced perturbations; the effects on the thermal and ionization history of the Universe; the Faraday rotation imprint on the CMB polarization spectra; and the non-Gaussianities induced in polarization anisotropies. LiteBIRD represents a sensitive probe for PMFs. We explore different levels of complexity, for LiteBIRD data and PMF configurations, accounting for possible degeneracies with primordial gravitational waves from inflation. By exploiting all the physical effects, LiteBIRD will be able to improve the current limit on PMFs at intermediate and large scales coming from Planck. In particular, thanks to its accurate B-mode polarization measurement, LiteBIRD will improve the constraints on infrared configurations for the gravitational effect, giving BnB=-2.91 Mpc< 0.8 nG at 95% C.L., potentially opening the possibility to detect nanogauss fields with high significance. We also observe a significant improvement in the limits when marginalized over the spectral index, BnBmarg1 Mpc< 2.2 nG at 95 % C.L. From the thermal history effect, which relies mainly on E-mode polarization data, we obtain a significant improvement for all PMF configurations, with the marginalized case, √⟨B2⟩marg<0.50 nG at 95 % C.L. Faraday rotation constraints will take advantage of the wide frequency coverage of LiteBIRD and the high sensitivity in B modes, improving the limits by orders of magnitude with respect to current results, BnB=-2.91 Mpc < 3.2 nG at 95 % C.L. Finally, non-Gaussianities of the B-mode polarization can probe PMFs at the level of 1 nG, again significantly improving the current bounds from Planck. Altogether our forecasts represent a broad collection of complementary probes based on widely tested methodologies, providing conservative limits on PMF characteristics that will be achieved with the LiteBIRD satellite.Financial Institutions available on: 10.1088/1475-7516/2024/07/086 (p.42)5.3 Q1 JCR 20230.932 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE