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Organizational Engagement With Poverty:A Review and Reorientation
Get PDFRecognizing the potential contributions businesses can make to address the grand challenge of global poverty, management scholars have increasingly turned research attention to poverty. We conducted an integrative review of poverty studies in the organizational literature spanning from 1985 to 2022. Based on the review, we clarify poverty as a significant lack of market-oriented resources, opportunities, and capabilities. Further, we develop a framework that captures the ways in which organizational practices offer the poor, or deprive them of, resources, opportunities, and capabilities, and thereby contribute to poverty alleviation or aggravation respectively. Moreover, our framework identifies the necessary support conditions for an organization to effectively combat poverty. We conclude by proposing a research agenda aimed at advancing management scholarship on poverty
Margaret Macdonald, Philosopher of Language
Get PDFI chart the philosophical development of neglected figure Margaret Macdonald and situate that development in the context of mid-century analytic philosophy more broadly. I examine Macdonald’s changing attitude towards verificationism, and show that these changing views led her, in 1950 and beyond, to a very thorough appreciation of language use as capable of being employed in the execution of distinctive kinds of performative act. I compare Macdonald’s views with the far better known work of J. L. Austin, and I emphasise the extent to which she has, despite her insightful contributions, been omitted from the history of philosophy
Epistemic Violence and Colonial Legacies in the Representation of Refugee Women:Contesting Narratives of Vulnerability and Victimhood
Get PDFThe traditional drafting and subsequent implementation of international refugee law have been criticised for relying on a male-centric understanding of persecution. Whilst this framework has recently shifted to include a more gender-sensitive interpretation, I argue that this introduction of gender within refugee status determination has traditionally relied on narratives infused with gendered and racialised stereotypes. In particular, it relies on a ‘white saviour’ colonial narrative that perceives refugee women as vulnerable victims in need of saving. Drawing on a decolonial and critical epistemological analysis that includes both a race and gender dimension, I unpack the epistemic violence and hidden colonial legacies in the representation of refugee women in case-law. Ultimately, this article concludes with a call for reframing the legal narrative around refugee women by approaching them as political actors rather than oppressed and vulnerable subjects
‘So the child feels loved’:Mothers with learning disabilities’ experiences of attachment and emotional relationships with their children
Get PDFThe Impact of Voter Identification Laws on Participation and Perceptions of Electoral Integrity: An International Study
Get PDFReducing the global burden of cerebral venous thrombosis:An international research agenda
Get PDFBackground:Due to the rarity of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), performing high-quality scientific research in this field is challenging. Providing answers to unresolved research questions will improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and ultimately translate to a better outcome of patients with CVT. We present an international research agenda, in which the most important research questions in the field of CVT are prioritized.Aims:This research agenda has three distinct goals: (1) to provide inspiration and focus to research on CVT for the coming years, (2) to reinforce international collaboration, and (3) to facilitate the acquisition of research funding.Summary of review:This international research agenda is the result of a research summit organized by the International Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Consortium in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in June 2023. The summit brought together 45 participants from 15 countries including clinical researchers from various disciplines, patients who previously suffered from CVT, and delegates from industry and non-profit funding organizations. The research agenda is categorized into six pre-specified themes: (1) epidemiology and clinical features, (2) life after CVT, (3) neuroimaging and diagnosis, (4) pathophysiology, (5) medical treatment, and (6) endovascular treatment. For each theme, we present two to four research questions, followed by a brief substantiation per question. The research questions were prioritized by the participants of the summit through consensus discussion.Conclusions:This international research agenda provides an overview of the most burning research questions on CVT. Answering these questions will advance our understanding and management of CVT, which will ultimately lead to improved outcomes for CVT patients worldwide
Nanofluidic Platform for Studying the First-Order Phase Transitions in Superfluid Helium-3
Get PDFThe symmetry-breaking first-order phase transition between superfluid phases 3He-A and 3He-B can be triggered extrinsically by ionising radiation or heterogeneous nucleation arising from the details of the sample cell construction. However, the role of potential homogeneous intrinsic nucleation mechanisms remains elusive. Discovering and resolving the intrinsic processes may have cosmological consequences, since an analogous first-order phase transition, and the production of gravitational waves, has been predicted for the very early stages of the expanding Universe in many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Here we introduce a new approach for probing the phase transition in superfluid 3He. The setup consists of a novel stepped-height nanofluidic sample container with close to atomically smooth walls. The 3He is confined in five tiny nanofabricated volumes and assayed non-invasively by NMR. Tuning of the state of 3He by confinement is used to isolate each of these five volumes so that the phase transitions in them can occur independently and free from any obvious sources of heterogeneous nucleation. The small volumes also ensure that the transitions triggered by ionising radiation are strongly suppressed. Here we present the preliminary measurements using this setup, showing both strong supercooling of 3He-A and superheating of 3He-B, with stochastic processes dominating the phase transitions between the two. The objective is to study the nucleation as a function of temperature and pressure over the full phase diagram, to both better test the proposed extrinsic mechanisms and seek potential parallel intrinsic mechanisms
Towards a future-oriented accountability:Accounting for the future through Earth Observation data
Get PDFPurpose – This paper follows the call for more future-oriented practices within organisations, particularly in relation to how they respond to growing concerns about Earth’s sustainability and life on the Planet. This study aims to explore how the data produced by major scientific projects in the Space sector can support future- oriented accountability practices by enabling both a projection and an imagination of a more or less distant future, thereby feeding into accountability practices.Design/methodology/approach – We rely upon a multiple interpretative case study analysis and interview- based data from three main organisations in the Earth observation (EO) value chain: an International Space Company, a Research Centre of Energy Transition and a European Private Equity Firm.Findings – We find that future-oriented accountability practices can be fed by a creative assemblage of scientific data provided by Space sector’s programmes with different sources of knowledge and information. These data are embedded into a broader accountability system, connecting different actors through a “value chain”: from the data providers, gathering data from Space, to the primary users, working on data modelling and analysis, to the end users, such as local authorities, public and private organisations. The predictive data and expertise exchanged throughout the value chain feed into future-oriented accountability efforts across different time-space contexts, as a projected and imagined, more or less distant, future informs the actions and accounts in the present. Originality/value – This research extends the literature on the time dimension of accountability. We show how a creative assemblage of scientific data with different sources of knowledge and information –such as those provided by Space sector’s programmes and EO data – enable organisations to both project the present into (a more or less distant) future and imagine this future differently while taking responsibility, and accounting for, what could be done and desired in response to it. We also contribute to the limited literature on accountability in the Space sector by examining the intricate accountability dynamics underpinning the relationships among the different actors in the EO data value chain.<br/
The Role of Ubuntu in Ethical Decision-Making in Nigeria:Ethical Decision-Making in SMEs
Get PDFUbuntu as a traditional African ethic that focused on the interest of the community over that of the individual had been suggested to improve ethical decision-making in businesses in Nigeria. While there had been research done on Ubuntu in Nigeria in the past, it had centred on multinational and large businesses. The impact of Ubuntu on the ethical decision-making of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) had not been an area of focus despite SMEs being more strongly influenced by their local community. Therefore, this thesis sought to discover to what extent Ubuntu could influence Nigerian SMEs' decision-making on ethical issues. To carry out this research, data was collected in Lagos, Nigeria from ten SME supermarkets in the retail industry, which is one of the largest SME sectors in Nigeria. The data were collected mainly through semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with supporting data collected through an observer-as-participant role and documents for data triangulation. The data were analysed using a top-down, theoretical thematic approach which is an analyst-driven approach propelled by the theoretical interest. Data analysis was aided by a theoretical framework based on adding community to Schwartz’s integrated ethical decision-making model. The data analysis showed that while Ubuntu could be considered an influential part of the ethical decision-making of SMEs, its influence was limited by other factors. It also showed that the presence of Ubuntu in the ethical decision-making of the business did not guarantee that the business would make ethical decisions. This research contributed to empirical data on the research of Ubuntu in business ethics in Nigeria and to research of the ethical decision-making process by examining and altering Schwartz’s integrated ethical decision-making model for the theoretical framework
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