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Capturing the context of drug use for college students:A contextual behavioural science informed qualitative analysis of harm reduction practices using network feedback loops simulation modelling
Get PDFDrug use during college can have substantial harm on students’ lives and impacts the institutions’ functioningand local communities. Yet existing interventions for drug use at college poorly address the concurrent dynamicinfluences of the experiences in earlier developmental periods of young adults and the proximal contextualtriggers of college life; both risk factors that can contribute to drug use. To address this, we leveraged systemdynamic methods and contextual-behavioural science (CBS) approaches to support the development of interventions focusing at addressin these risk factors. Using Causal Loop Diagram methods (Vensim PLE), wecollected qualitative data from college students to generate Network Feedback Loops (NFLs) (n = 24, Maged 22years old), during the development phase of the MyUse: a contextual behavioural change intervention for harmreduction practices at college students. The findings underscored central nodes (determinants within an intervention) that support our previous identified three CBS-harm-reduction practices for college students (targetededges: mindful drug-use decision making, value-based activities, context-sensitive personalized plan of harmreduction). Analyses revealed 4 NFLs for students with previous drug use, consisting of 13 edges (4 positive, 2negative, and 4 balancing reinforcing relationships) and 3 NFLs for students with no previous drug use, consisting of 4 positives, one negative, and one balancing relationship. All the NFLs were nested with the three CBSrelated targeted outcomes. College students who use drugs need drug-related knowledge about the unpredictableand adverse effects of drugs, presented in a compassionate way and distributed from credible resources (e.g.,students’ unions/club). Students with no previous drug use need education about the effects of drugs andawareness of how drugs can devaluate value-based activities (e.g. sports, friendships, social life). These should bedelivered via proxy cue reminders and mobile-text approaches conveying messages about drug use susceptibility,distributed in real-time. Idiosyncratic, dynamic, and contextual-bound factors of lapse risks or preventivepractices should account for each person-specific vulnerabilities via personalized harm reduction plans
Challenges in Maritime Cybersecurity Training and Compliance
Get PDFThe implementation of cybersecurity standards and directives in the maritime sector plays a crucial role in protecting critical maritime infrastructures from cyber threats. The level of protection de-pends heavily on humans. However, the effectiveness of cybersecurity training and compliance programmes, an essential component of these standards, is often hindered by challenges related to the sector’s environment, including the established technologies, practices, and norms. This paper aims to identify these challenges through a literature review and set the basis for more effective human risk minimization, responses, and training. We identify 17 challenges and validate them with an online survey (N = 205) capturing real-world perspectives from maritime-related stake-holders. Our findings contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of maritime cybersecurity training and compliance programmes, ultimately strengthening the maritime cybersecurity
New Institutions, New Actors, New Rules:Gender Parity and Feminist Constitution Writing in Chile
Get PDFThe formal and informal rules mediate the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation. Women may be present in office but struggle to influence outcomes in the same way as their male counterparts, especially because parliaments and parties carry masculine blueprints that limit women's individual and collective power. Yet what happens when new institutions incorporate new actors to write new rules, and when women occupy these institutions under gender parity from the start? Using participant-observation and interview data from Chile’s first constitutional convention, we analyse how gender parity and newness combined to give ‘feminist designers’ significant influence over the convention’s procedural rules and, consequently, the final document. Newness and parity helped women secure the adoption of a feminist procedural code, which eliminated many of the masculine blueprints found in traditional parliaments. In turn, women delegates organised explicitly as feminists and led the redaction of a thoroughly feminist document
Investigating Social Preferences, Belief Flexibility, and Belief Updating in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Computational Modelling Approach
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Evolutionary Narratives of Terrorism:A Transdisciplinary Approach to the Red Brigades
Get PDFBuilding upon Critical Terrorism Studies and Narrative Criminology, the study expands beyond Nikolas Tinbergen's evolutionary behavioural framework, by creating and introducing a transdisciplinary framework model of analysis structured with four questions specifically designed for analysing terrorist organisations.This research proposes a novel approach to understanding terrorist groups by conceptualising them as metaphorical organisms, then progressing each metaphor further, employing an evolutionary lens for comprehensive transdisciplinary analysis based primarily on primary source narratives. This metaphorical approach addresses a significant gap in both criminology and terrorism research, providing a new framework for analysing terrorist groups through their narratives.The framework proves to be a valuable analytical tool for both prospective and retrospective studies of terrorist groups, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of their development and tactics over time, via the analysis of narratives, an underexplored avenue in both criminological and terrorism research.Using the Red Brigades as a case study, the research highlights the importance of evolutionary drives, plateaus, and underlying reasons for the purpose of analysing terrorist groups. The findings show that transdisciplinary evolutionary models can be successfully applied to terrorist groups, at a meso-level analysis.The findings also show how, contrary to prevailing literature which argues an extremely strong evolutionary adaptability, the Red Brigades' evolutionary capability was significantly more constrained following their strong initial movements which usually crystallised after emergence.Additionally, for further research, the analysis identifies and defines specific findings, termed Vectors of Evolutionary Change, as critical in altering the group's evolutionary trajectory — a factor overlooked in existing scholarship
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