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Going Beyond the Ordinary — User Perceptions of the Impact of Multisensory Elements on Presence in Virtual Reality at the Royal Opera House
Get PDFThis exploratory study investigates the relative impacts of incorporating additional sensory- and embodiment-enhancing elements into virtual reality (VR) experiences beyond standard headset features, including vibrating floors, blowing wind, accurately rendered hands, free-roam walking and seeing avatars of real people; the outcome is sometimes called a hyper-reality experience. After taking part in the ‘Current Rising’ immersive experience at the Royal Opera House, 726 participants completed a survey examining the different perceived impacts the various additional elements were thought to have on presence. Blowing wind and free-roam walking were thought to be most impactful on presence, followed by floor vibration (contrary to expectations), along with seeing avatars. Conversely, virtual hands were thought to exhibit the least influence, despite being rendered with greater detail and precision than those commonly found in standard VR applications. Past VR experience only minimally affected these reported impacts, suggesting that hyper-reality experiences introduce novel elements even to experienced users. By looking at the perceived impact on presence over a rich, holistic range of factors (multisensory elements, virtual bodies, prior experience and enjoyment) in a real-world cultural experience, these findings offer practical guidance for immersive experience designers and researchers to optimise presence. Future research should explore more nuanced assessments of presence and consider non-correlational experimental designs that mitigate various highlighted potential biases and confounding factors
A generative AI-based legal advice tool for small businesses in distress
Get PDFWe developed and tested the performance of a retrieval augmented generation (RAG) system for answering legal queries related to corporate insolvency in England and Wales. The Insolvency Bot relies on open-source legal information and HMRC forms to provide sound responses to a user’s query focusing on insolvency matters regulated by English law. We evaluated our bot head-to-head on an unseen test set against the unmodified versions of large language models (LLMs) gpt-3.5-turbo, gpt-4, or gpt-4o with a mark scheme similar to those used in examinations in law schools. The Insolvency Bot outperformed each unmodified LLM (p = 0.05%). An additional user experience survey suggested the need for creating two versions of the bot, one for lay people who expect practical and actionable advice and another for professionals with the relevant legal authorities. Our legal chatbot demonstrates the benefits of combining a generative AI system with a trusted knowledge base and shows future promise to cover cross-jurisdictional and insolvency-related queries and could be further improved in its technical architecture
Short Mahler-measure-preserving multiples of multivariable polynomials
Get PDFThe -variable polynomial has length ; it is a factor of the length- polynomial which shares the same Mahler measure. On the other hand, consider the -variable length- polynomial . Extensive computations by Boyd and Mossinghoff suggested strongly that this has no length- multiple with the same measure. But how can one prove this? In this paper we develop a method which attempts to find the shortest multiple of a polynomial in such that the multiple has the same Mahler measure as the original polynomial. The method is heuristic: it might fail (although we have yet to find an example when it does fail), but when it succeeds it provides a proof of shortness. In particular we can remove any doubt concerning the Boyd-Mossinghoff example mentioned above, and we are able to find shortest-possible Mahler-measure-preserving multiples of all the known -dimensional examples having measure below 1.37
Associations between social contacts, and mood pain intensity and interference in women living with HIV
Get PDFShort Mahler-measure-preserving multiples of multivariable polynomials
Get PDFThe -variable polynomial has length ; it is a factor of the length- polynomial which shares the same Mahler measure. On the other hand, consider the -variable length- polynomial . Extensive computations by Boyd and Mossinghoff suggested strongly that this has no length- multiple with the same measure. But how can one prove this? In this paper we develop a method which attempts to find the shortest multiple of a polynomial in such that the multiple has the same Mahler measure as the original polynomial. The method is heuristic: it might fail (although we have yet to find an example when it does fail), but when it succeeds it provides a proof of shortness. In particular we can remove any doubt concerning the Boyd-Mossinghoff example mentioned above, and we are able to find shortest-possible Mahler-measure-preserving multiples of all the known -dimensional examples having measure below 1.37
Bus‐Based Sensor Deployment for Intelligent Sensing Coverage and k‐Hop Calibration
Get PDFDrive‐by sensing is a promising concept that employs public transport as a mobile sensing platform to achieve high spatio‐temporal coverage for urban sensing tasks. At the same time, the low‐cost nature of mobile IoT sensors necessitates their more frequent calibration to ensure data accuracy and reliability. Manual or lab‐based calibration of a large number of mobile sensors may no longer be feasible and thus new approaches for automatic calibration are needed. Most prior work on optimal mobile sensor deployment focuses on coverage aspect without considering the sensor calibration. In this study, we present a joint approach for optimising the placement of bus‐based sensors for maximising the total unique sensing area and combining the optimal reference sensors geo‐placement for maximising k‐hop calibrate requirements on the selected routes. A metric‐based system developed in our model uses geographical set operations which includes both spatial and temporal joins to quantify the contribution of each bus route and rank them accordingly. We formulate the coverage optimisation problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP), solve it with a greedy algorithm, and demonstrate this method’s potential using real‐world bus‐transit data from Toronto, Canada and Manchester, UK. Our approach involves a metric‐based system which quantifies each bus route unique coverage contribution for determining an optimal set of bus routes and bus stops for bus‐based and reference sensor deployment, to minimise sensor network costs and maximise spatio‐temporal coverage. The comparison with a random baseline algorithm indicates that our method outperforms in terms of deployment and coverage efficiency. Our results also include the potential of our weighted method in improving drive‐by sensing for air quality monitoring by comparing it with a separate benchmark scheme with different criteria
Similarities and Differences between Terrorists and their Supporters:Findings from Northern Ireland
Get PDFWhy do only a few people radicalise when many appear to have been exposed to potential causes of radicalisation? This issue is referred to as the specificity problem and is widely recognised as one of the fundamental questions facing terrorism research. Also recognised is that meaningful answers will only be obtained through comparative research using control groups who share many of the same traits, characteristics and contexts of the terrorists, but who did not progress to involvement in terrorism. The current study was conducted in Northern Ireland and compares 17 former paramilitary members with a control group of 12 paramilitary sympathizers using a structured survey. 22 variables connected to radicalisation were examined. Significant differences were found between the two groups on four of these variables. The findings are discussed in relation to the specificity problem and the wider literature on radicalisation
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