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Levels of affect elicited by process and outcome thinking in approach and avoidance goals.
Get PDFThe current study sought to test the idea that conducting process and outcome simulations about one’s goals might have different, or even opposite, affective impacts depending on whether the goal in question is an approach goal or an avoidance goal. In particular, it was predicted that, in the case of approach goals, process simulations would increase negative affect whilst outcome simulations would increase positive affect, and in the case of avoidance goals, process simulations would decrease negative affect and increase positive affect. Thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned to either an Approach Goal group or an Avoidance Goal group in which they were asked to generate goals of the relevant orientation (i.e. approach or avoidance). Participants’ levels of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were measured before and after conducting process and outcome simulations. Results showed there to be no significant interaction between the Goal Type factor and the Simulation Type factor for NA. There was, however, a significant interaction between the Goal Type factor and the Simulation Type factor for PA. Follow up t-tests indicated a non-significant trend (p = .054) whereby outcome thinking about avoidance goals elicited an increase in PA as compared to outcome thinking about approach goals. A separate follow-up t-test also found a significant effect (p = .002) whereby outcome thinking about avoidance goals elicited a significant increase in PA as compared to process thinking about avoidance goals. These results provided some limited support for the idea that process and outcome thinking have different, or reverse, affective impacts for approach and avoidance goals, however, the direction of the emotional effects detected were not in line with those predicted
Wishful perceiving:A value-based bias for perception of close others
Get PDFWhy do people not perceive their close others accurately, although they have ample information about them? We propose that one reason for such errors may be bias based on personal values. Personal values may serve as schemas defining what people see as positive, and thus affect perceptions of others' behavior, values, and traits. We propose that, in close relationships, people see others as sharing their own values.Six studies (N = 2,225; 4 pre-registered analyses and one pre-registered study) tested this bias. Perceivers reported their personal values and the perceived values, behaviors, or traits of a close other (target), while the target also reported on the same values, behaviors or traits. Personal values significantly and positively related to perception of close others' values and behaviors, while controlling for the real targets' value/behavior. Results were replicated for spouses, romantic partners, children, parents, and friends. Some evidence also supports the idea that the bias is stronger for relationships of better quality. Implications for relationship quality are discussed, as well as implications for the adaptive properties of this bias.<br/
Business politics as a causal mechanism shaping uneven regional development across Romania's automotive industry
Get PDFWe develop and deploy a business politics lens to examine the mechanisms and processes of negotiation through which multinational enterprises (MNEs) and various host country actors interact, leading to different regional trajectories of economic development. We assess two contrasting lead firms from differing home country contexts investing in the automotive industry in Romania, operating in two regions with distinct historical-spatial industrial organization and economic development. We advance a contribution on business politics as dynamic, relational, multi-scalar, and influenced by varied conjunctural factors—historical, geographical, political, institutional, and firm-driven—exposing how MNEs and territorial actors co-shape distinct processes of international economic (dis)integration
Telementoring and homeschooling during school closures:A randomized experiment in rural Bangladesh
Get PDFUsing a randomized experiment in 200 Bangladeshi villages, we evaluate the impact of an over-the-phone learning support intervention (telementoring) among primary school children and their mothers during Covid-19 school closures. Post-intervention, treated children scored 35% higher on a standardized test, and the homeschooling involvement of treated mothers increased by 22 minutes per day (26%). We also found that the intervention forestalled treated children’s learning losses. When we returned to the participants one year later, after schools briefly reopened, we found that the treatment effects had persisted. Academically weaker children benefited the most from the intervention that only cost USD 20 per child
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the asylum system
Get PDFRecent years have seen rapid developments in the mobilising of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the purposes of regulating migration, asylum decision-making, and border control. This paper reviews the applications of AI tools in the asylum context and considers their impact across diverse zones of human activity, including law, governance, and administration. Examples from human trafficking and modern slavery are also drawn upon to illustrate the potential of AI to assist more broadly in assessing risk and identifying support needs. Our aim is to review existing research and implementation of AI and its likely impact on outcomes for individuals seeking asylum and victims of trafficking.<br/
New insights into morphological adaptation in common mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus) along an aridity gradient
Get PDFTowards a Transformational Theory of Music in the Franchise (2024)
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