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Performance of the FreeStyle Libre Flash glucose monitoring system during an oral glucose tolerance test and exercise in healthy adolescents
Get PDFThis study's aim was to assess FreeStyle Libre Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) performance during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and treadmill exercise in healthy adolescents. This should advance the feasibility and utility of user-friendly technologies for metabolic assessments in adolescents. Seventeen healthy adolescents (nine girls aged 12.8 ± 0.9 years) performed an OGTT and submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise tests in a laboratory setting. The scanned interstitial fluid glucose concentration ([ISFG]) obtained by FGM was compared against finger-prick capillary plasma glucose concentration ([CPG]) at 0 (pre-OGTT), -15, -30, -60, -120 min post-OGTT, pre-, mid-, post- submaximal exercise, and pre- and post- maximal exercise. Overall mean absolute relative difference (MARD) was 13.1 ± 8.5%, and 68% (n = 113) of the paired glucose data met the ISO 15197:2013 criteria. For clinical accuracy, 84% and 16% of FGM readings were within zones A and B in the Consensus Error Grid (CEG), respectively, which met the ISO 15197:2013 criteria of having at least 99% of results within these zones. Scanned [ISFG] were statistically lower than [CPG] at 15 (-1.16 mmol∙L-1, p < 0.001) and 30 min (-0.74 mmol∙L-1, p = 0.041) post-OGTT. Yet, post-OGTT glycaemic responses assessed by total and incremental areas under the curve (AUCs) were not significantly different, with trivial to small effect sizes (p ≥ 0.084, d = 0.14-0.45). Further, [ISFGs] were not different from [CPGs] during submaximal and maximal exercise tests (interaction p ≥ 0.614). FGM can be a feasible alternative to reflect postprandial glycaemia (AUCs) in healthy adolescents who may not endure repeated finger pricks
‘It’s a hard balance to find’:the perspectives of youth justice practitioners in England on the place of ‘risk’ in an emerging ‘child-first’ world
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a shift in youth justice central policy narratives in England and Wales away from risk assessment and management and towards child first. However, this shift is meeting with a number of challenges on the ground. The reasons for this have been conceptualised as resistance and reticence, contradiction and bifurcation and confusion about competing narratives emerging from different UK government departments about how to meet the statutory requirement to ‘prevent’ youth offending. The article emphasises the importance of meaningfully engaging with youth justice practitioners in debates about how to meet this challenge.</p
Using investment treaties to hold companies accountable: a case study of the Morocco-Nigeria bilateral investment treaty
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Is commercial sex work really work in Nigeria? the motivations, dimensions and policy implications
Get PDFABSTRACT: The sex industry is one of the non oil industries that are booming in recent times especially in Nigeria. The industry has a lot of prospects in view of the fact that youths particularly the women aged 15-35 years who hardly find legitimate jobs engaged in transactional sex for money. In Akwa Ibom State, it is common knowledge that such trade exists. Sex workers are commonly found in places like night clubs, dance bars, brothels and red light streets like Maitama, Ibom Plaza and Ikpa Road. This study therefore sought to unravel the meanings with which commercial sex workers attached to their work; the motivation, dimensions and the implications of the sex trade. The study adopted purely qualitative approach with the use of in-depth interview and content analysis. Twenty (20) commercial sex workers participated in the study. Some commercial sex workers considered sex work as work in view of their disadvantaged economic positions and lack of alternative economic engagement. Beyond the economic consideration, many of them were aware that sex work has legal, socio-cultural and moral implications; and since sex works infringes the country’s laws, offend societal norms and values, and erodes the moral standards, it is not considered really as work by people generally in Nigeria. In view of this, the study suggested legitimate jobs to be provided, training programmes to be instituted, rehabilitation to be executed and prosecution to be implemented for those caught in the web of sex trade.<br/
Public healthcare expenditure, population growth and economic development in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper analyses the effect of health expenditure on economic development in Nigeria using yearly data from 1980 to 2019 on capital health, recurrent health expenditure, and population growth, sourced from the World Development Indicators, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, and the United Nation Development Report. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), cointegration, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) were used to estimate the model. The coefficient of capital health expenditure in the long run has a positive and significant sign, while recurrent health expenditure is negative for development, though insignificant in effect. Development responds positively to population growth variation in the short run too. The paper recommends that the Nigerian Government allocate more funds for capital healthcare expenditure to increase the pace of economic development
Organ donation in Islam:the interplay of jurisprudence, ethics, and society
No full textDescription A 2023 Choice Reviews Outstanding Academic Title Organ Donation in Islam: The Interplay of Jurisprudence, Ethics, and Society delves into the complexities and nuances of organ donation in Muslim communities. A diverse group of authors including Muslim jurists, academic researchers, clinicians and policy stakeholders engage with the multi-faceted topic. Contributions from Sunni and Shia scholars are positioned alongside each other, giving the reader an appreciation of the different Islamic traditions and legal methodologies; and qualitative research examining the views and potential concerns of Muslim families towards donating organs of loved ones is juxtaposed with the work of academicians and community advocates engaging diverse Muslim communities to equip them with the knowledge and tools to make informed donation decisions. Taken together the collection yields new ethical, empirical and sociological insights into how issues of body ownership, the definition of death, and community engagement interface with the act of donation. Accordingly, this wide-ranging volume represents a invaluable resource for religious leaders, healthcare professionals, social scientists, policy makers, researchers, and others interested in the interplay between contemporary healthcare, religious tradition, health policy and the topic of organ donation.</p
Ethics as a moral duty: proposing an integrated ethics framework for migration research
Get PDFThis article interrogates the assumptions and moral values underlying social research ethics frameworks and practices applicable to migration studies. Based on a review of forced migration literature and on empirical observations I identify three tiers of research ethics that generally guide ethical conduct in this field: Procedural, relational and reciprocal ethics. I suggest that these tiers are traditionally conceptualised as a hierarchy in which certain ethical demands are considered morally superior to others. Looking at each of the three tiers the article shows that procedural and relational ethics demands are often based on unclear moral values and problematic notions of migrants’ vulnerability. To address this shortcoming, I draw on deontological ethics and on Levinas’ notion of unconditional responsibility to argue that our duty as researchers is based on our particular relationship with our research subjects rather than on their status as migrants. Moving away from a hierarchical understanding of research ethics I then propose an integrated ethics framework that allows researchers to conceptualise and address the various ethical demands in an interconnected and holistic way. This framework presents an original contribution to research ethics discourses and practice in migration studies and other fields of social inquiry with a political and moral ambition such as human rights, social work and childhood studies
Adaptations to mindfulness-based interventions for neurological impairment: the SMALL PROMPTS approach
Get PDFPurpose/Objective: Standardized mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), used for the management of physical and psychological symptoms associated with neurological impairment/injury (NI), have been problematized as lacking accessibility due to their focus on sensory presence and mindful walking. Research is needed to generate formalized recommendations regarding how MBIs may be best adapted to enhance their suitability for people with NI. ResearchMethod/Design: A two-phase qualitative study was completed. First, semistructured interviews were undertaken with eight accredited mindfulness teachers with NI. Interviews reviewed the adaptations participants made in their personal and teaching practice, using thematic analysis, and generated recommendations for adaptations to MBIs specific to people with NI. Second, using the DELPHI method, the adapted practice recommendations were reviewed and revised via three rounds, following cognitive interviews with an expert panel (N = 5 trained mindfulness teachers with NI). Results: Ten core areas for adaptation are proposed and validated, acting as SMALL PROMPTS which can be used to adapt mindfulness-based teaching techniques to the specific requirements of people with NI: (a) Skin/bladder/bowel management; (b) mindful Movement; (c) Accessible training; (d) Language Leadership; (e) Permissive pRactice; (f) Optimizing timelines; (g) Management of posture; (h) inclusion of Pacing; (i) Teaching from experience; and (j) body Scanning. Conclusion/Implications:Mindfulness is a highly applicable approach for people with sensory loss, however significant, specific adaptations are required to improve inclusivity and accessibility. The SMALL PROMPTS adaptations increase the accessibility, applicability, and utility ofMBIs for populations living with NI, enhancing effectivemanagement of physical and psychological wellbeing, and optimizingMBI delivery
There’s something there for everyone : learning about the Lighthouse: young people’s perspectives on London’s Child House
Get PDFThe Lighthouse, London’s Child House, 1 opened in October 2018. Bringing together a range of organisations under one roof, the Lighthouse’s intention is to be a child friendly, multidisciplinary service for those who have experienced sexual abuse, with the foremost aim to be focused on the child (Conroy et al., 2018). The Child House approach is informed by that of Child Advocacy Centres in the United States and the Barnahus model in Scandinavia. The Lighthouse is a member of the Promise Barnahus Network, 2 a member-led organisation that works to harmonise and consolidate good Barnahus practice across Europe (Parker et al., forthcoming). The Evidence and Insight Unit at MOPAC was commissioned to evaluate the Lighthouse. As part of this evaluation, they commissioned staff from the Safer Young Lives Research Centre (SYLRC) at the University of Bedfordshire to elicit the views of a cohort of children and young people who had engaged with the Lighthouse, in a study entitled ‘Learning about the Lighthouse’. Key learning from young people’s contributions to ‘Learning about the Lighthouse’ has been incorporated into MOPAC’s overall evaluation report (Parker et al., forthcoming). This report provides an accompaniment to that broader report. In line with the Lighthouse’s own aim to be focused on the child, this report provides a distinct space where young people’s views are the sole focus and central source of learning. Though scaffolded by researcher narrative, informed by cumulative analysis of all contributions, young people’s contributions are shared in individual participants’ own words
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