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Influences on nurses’ engagement in antimicrobial stewardship behaviours: a multi-country survey using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Get PDFBackground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is affected significantly by inappropriate antibiotic use, and is one of the greatest threats to human health. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a programme of actions promoting responsible use of antimicrobials, and is essential for limiting AMR. Nurses have an important role to play in this context. Aim: To investigate the determinants of nurse AMS behaviours and the impact of past training. Methods: A cross-sectional multi-country survey design with mixed methods was employed. Participants were 262 nurses {223 female; mean age 44.45 [standard deviation (SD) 10.77] years} of 10 nationalities, with individual survey links sent via professional networks in five countries, alongside Twitter. Nine AMS behaviours and 14 behavioural determinants were assessed quantitatively using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), and mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B) model. Analysis identified differences between nurses with and without AMS training. The influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on AMS behaviour was investigated qualitatively using free-text data. Findings: Nurses performed all nine AMS behaviours, which were significantly higher [t (238) -4.14, P<0.001] among those who had received AMS training [mean 53.15 (SD 7.40)] compared with those who had not received AMS training [mean 48.30 (SD 10.75)]. Nurses who had received AMS training scored significantly higher in all of the TDF domains. The TDF was able to explain 27% of the variance in behaviour, with ‘Skills’ and ‘Behavioural regulation’ (e.g. ability to self-monitor and plan) shown to be the most predictive of AMS actions. Both of these domains are situated in the ‘Capability’ construct of the COM-B model, which can be enhanced with the intervention strategies of education and training. An increase in AMS behaviours was reported since the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of previous training. Six core themes were linked to AMS: (1) infection prevention and control; (2) antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance; (3) diagnosis of infection and use of antibiotics; (4) antimicrobial prescribing practice; (5) person-centred care; and (6) interprofessional collaborative practice. Conclusion: Nurse training has a significant beneficial effect on AMS behaviour and its determinants. Nurses who had received AMS training scored higher in all TDF determinants of behaviour compared with those who had not received AMS training, resulting in higher capability, opportunity and motivation to perform AMS behaviour. AMS education and training should be offered to nurses to enhance these factors. Future research should consider the optimal level of training to optimize AMS behaviour, with a focus on developing skills and behavioural regulation.</p
#mothersday: Constructions of motherhood and femininity in social media posts
Get PDFImages and representations of parenting, and particularly mothering, have become commonplace on social media platforms over the past decade. These displays, however, take place in the context of popular contemporary discourses around gender and parenting that are in many ways prescriptive. This paper explores the constructions of mothering online through an analysis of posts about mothers on Mother’s Day from 2018 to 2020. Data were collected from Instagram and Twitter using hashtags such as #mothersday, #happymothersday and #motheringsunday. Both content and thematic analyses were conducted. This paper will consider three main themes that were identified in the data: “Beauty & biology”; “Grief & loss” and “Care (& COVID)”, with a focus on constructions of gendered parenting and family through the explicit celebration of the lives and roles of mothers. The findings provide insight into normative constructions of gender and how these are mediated through the affordances of social media platforms in a neoliberal context
Developing practical nursing skills: foundations for nursing and healthcare students
No full textDeveloping Practical Nursing Skills helps you learn and perfect the practical skills required to become a qualified nurse. Adopting a patient-focused and caring approach, this essential text helps you integrate nursing values alongside physical skills in your daily practice. Now in its fifth edition, the text takes into account the NMC standards of proficiency and is relevant to nurses across all fields. Key features of the book include: i) New chapters on mental health assessment and end-of-life care, along with expanded content on sleep, pain and medication management. ii) Full-colour text design with clear illustrations and clinical photographs to aid visual learning. iii) Reader-friendly style with learning outcomes, activities and reflection points to help you link theory to practice. iv) Scenarios from a range of settings, including community, mental health and learning disabilities nursing. v) A focus on adults and young people, and with 'pointers' on caring for children and pregnant women to promote a lifespan approach. This is a complete clinical skills resource for all pre-registration nursing students. It is also a useful text for nursing associate and healthcare support workers
Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet : results from a multistakeholder workshop
Get PDFTo summarise current knowledge and gaps regarding the role of postprandial glycaemic response in the paediatric population, a workshop was organized in June 2021 by the European branch of the International Life Science Institute (ILSI). This virtual event comprised of talks given by experts followed by in-depth discussions in breakout sessions with workshop participants. The main pre-specified topics addressed by the workshop organising committee to the invited speakers and the workshop participants were: 1) the role of glycaemic responses for paediatric health, based on mechanistic insights from animal and human data, and long-term evidence from observational and intervention studies in paediatric populations, and 2) changes in metabolism and changes in dietary needs from infancy to adolescence. Each talk as well as the discussions were summarised, including the main identified research gaps. The workshop led to the consensus on the crucial role on health of postprandial glycaemic response in paediatric population. However, a lack of scientific data has been identified regarding detailed glucose and insulin profiles in response to foods commonly consumed by paediatric populations, as well as a lack of long-term evidence including the need for suitable predictors during childhood and adolescence to anticipate health effects during adulthood
Introduction: the remarkable careers of English teachers
No full textThis introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book demonstrates how English teachers have struggled and resisted these pressures, holding on to their personal and professional integrity and maintaining their expertise. It focuses on the ongoing uncertainty about the relationship between English Literature departments in universities and teacher education programs. The book reveals an especially fraught scenario where persistent government intervention over more than 30 years has seen constant demands and constraints and an underlying move to drive ITE out from universities and into schools exclusively. It offers radical visions for the future of Canadian English Language Arts Teachers. The book reviews New Zealand’s model of teacher education to reveal similar pressures on the schools beginning English teachers must work in via assessment demands and heavy pressure on teacher autonomy
Report to the Nursing and Midwifery Council on language testing policy
No full textExecutive summaryResponding to the NMC’s review of its language testing policy, our project involved:• A review of the extent to which the approach to language testing currently adopted bythe NMC is proportionate and appropriate, and• Recommendations for a methodology to investigate whether language tests of interestshould be accepted by the NMCOur report:• Focusses on the recognition of language tests but also considers the basis forregistration via periods of training, clinical practice, or through appeal• Indicates that the NMC’s current language testing policy is broadly in line withinternational practice, but should be given firmer theoretical foundations• Recommends methodology changes, expanding the NMC’s current criteria forrecognising evidence for the English language abilities of applicants for registrationRecommendations:• NMC policy should be evaluated against established professional standards for languageassessment• NMC policy should take greater account of the gap between what language tests areable to assess and the practical use of language in clinical and professional development settings, indicating the need for...o ongoing support for internationally educated professionals working in the UK o consideration of a wider range of options for evidencing English languageabilities• Recognition by the NMC of evidence for English language abilities should be based onthe framework we propose• Assessment providers or sponsors should present their case for recognition based onrequirements set out by the NMC• Continuing recognition should be made contingent on periodic reviews to ensure thatNMC requirements continue to be me
Different people, different backgrounds, different identities’: filling the vacuum created by policy views of ‘cultural capital’
Get PDFThe notion of cultural capital, defined in its Arnoldian sense, of “the best that has been thought and said”, has been at the centre of the Conservative government's education policy for the last few years in England. While it is clear that this version of cultural capital – different from the sense in which it was used by Pierre Bourdieu, who popularised the term – has been deployed to valorise certain types of social, educational and cultural knowledge, it is not clear at all what use teachers make of the term or indeed, how they view it. This article presents data from an evaluation of a programme for disadvantaged students in English primary and secondary schools that sought to make a focus on cultural capital, and tries to assess how teachers perceive and use the term. The article posits that teachers see exhortations to accumulate cultural capital as part of their role, but in much broader terms than the government does, and that they seek to fill the “vacuum” created by the current policy perspective on cultural capital.</p
A comprehensive analysis on network slicing for smart hospital applications
No full textNetwork slicing (NS) is technology that enables emerging smart applications and use cases in Fifth Generation (5G) and beyond networks. One such application is smart hospitals, which has diverse network requirements for applications ranging from Augmented Reality (AR) and robot assisted surgeries to connecting large numbers of medical wearables and sensors. NS can be performed in smart hospitals under different strategies based on dynamicity, ownership, and application. This paper investigates how these strategies can be utilized in different smart hospital applications. The performance of each slicing strategy in a hospital network is analyzed under three matrices: bandwidth utilization, handover count, and block count
Accurate and visual video recommendation based on deep neural network
No full textVideo recommendation is vital for a video platform, which provides its users with videos they may be interested in. In this paper, we integrate users' ratings of videos in the video platform and community and crucial information data such as video category, director/actor, predict users' preference for videos through deep neural network, which could improve the accuracy of personalized recommendation. In addition, we use weighted force-directed Graph to show the relationship among users, videos, directors, and other elements, which could display the visualization of data elements and recommended results. Extensive experiments are conducted on three video datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is more effective than several other recommendation methods
Talking takes off: a system-wide approach to prioritise children’s speech, language and communication needs
Get PDFBackground: ‘Talking Takes Off’ is a local government programme designed to improve speech, language and communication outcomes in the early years, as supported by a system-wide approach. The overall aims of this study were to assess the progress that the programme made in its first year, especially in relation to its integration with the wider practice and its impact on the various stakeholders. Objectives: 1) To investigate whether the training and resources offered to the workforce were effectively integrated into practice during its first year. 2)To explore professionals’ and parents’ views and experiences of the programme regarding their prioritisation, knowledge and skills concerning speech, language and communication needs. Methods: A mixed methods design was employed. A pre and post training survey was sent out to the workforce (n = 398), followed by a three month follow up survey (n = 54). Semi-structured interviews with strategic and political leaders (n = 4), early years practitioners (n=8), and parents (n = 6) were conducted and analysed using Thematic and Framework analysis. Findings: A prioritisation of speech, language and communication development was demonstrated, as were enhanced levels of confidence and skills regarding the identification and support of needs. Conclusion: The findings are promising and suggest that Talking Takes Off has started to make a positive impact on parents’ and professionals’ priorities, knowledge and skills. Moving forward, Talking Takes Off need to sustain a strong foundation for continuing to implement their system-wide approach, addressing speech, language and communication needs across their capture area
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