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Insight into inclusion complexation of indomethacin nicotinamide cocrystals
No full textThe objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of the interaction between indomethacin-nicotinamide cocrystals with β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the solid-state. The study has emphasized on the possibility of inclusion complex formation and its effect on the dissolution performance of the cocrystals. The solid systems in the molar ratio of 1:1 of the host and guest molecules were prepared by co-grinding and co-evaporation methods and compared with their physical mixtures. Furthermore, the molecular behaviors of the cocrystals in all prepared samples were thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro dissolution performance. The results of these studies indicated that complexes prepared by the co-evaporation method with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin have shown complete inclusion of the cocrystals into the cyclodextrin cavity and a partial inclusion with β-cyclodextrin. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Tukey) higher in-vitro dissolution was achieved in co-evaporate complex prepared with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin compared to that prepared with β-cyclodextrin, indomethacin-nicotinamide cocrystals and indomethacin itself
Electronic cigarette use and risk perception in a Stop Smoking Service in England
No full textIntroduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use rose substantially within the UK in recent years but currently, Stop Smoking Services in England do not prescribe them due to a lack of regulation. Previous research has examined e-cigarette use and attitudes within English Stop Smoking Services using samples of practitioners and managers; the current study recruited a sample of service users. Methods: Participants (N¼319) aged 18–60 years old were recruited from Roy Castle FagEnds, Liverpool, England (Stop Smoking Service). A cross-sectional questionnaire was completed, which recorded demographic variables, e-cigarette use alongside risk perception, and lastly, smoking behaviour i.e. smoking duration, cigarettes per day, and nicotine dependence. Results: Most participants were female (57.1%), current smokers (53.0%), and current or former e-cigarette users (51.7%). Participants who perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than smoked tobacco were more likely to have smoked fewer cigarettes per day (p¼0.008). Furthermore, those who felt uncertain whether e-cigarettes were safer than smoked tobacco, were less likely to have tried them (p50.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that e-cigarette use is becoming common among users of Stop Smoking Services (despite e-cigarettes being unavailable from such services) and that e-cigarette risk perception is related to e-cigarette status. The results highlight the importance of providing smokers intending to quit smoking with current and accurate e-cigarette information. Findings may inform future Stop Smoking Services provision and the results demonstrate that further research is warranted
"Larks in Season" - 'The Comic Almanack' 1835-1854
No full textA study of the humorous and satirical almanac as a print cultural form in the early Victorian period with a close focus on 'The Comic Almanack'
Investigating the structure and fragmentation of a highly filamentary IRDC
No full textWe present 3.7 arcsec (~0.05 pc) resolution 3.2 mm dust continuum observations from the IRAM PdBI, with the aim of studying the structure and fragmentation of the filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud G035.39-00.33. The continuum emission is segmented into a series of 13 quasi-regularly spaced (~0.18pc) cores, following the major axis of the IRDC. We compare the spatial distribution of the cores with that predicted by theoretical work describing the fragmentation of hydrodynamic fluid cylinders, finding a significant (factor of ~8) discrepancy between the two. Our observations are consistent with the picture emerging from kinematic studies of molecular clouds suggesting that the cores are harboured within a complex network of independent sub-filaments. This result emphasises the importance of considering the underlying physical structure, and potentially, dynamically important magnetic fields, in any fragmentation analysis. The identified cores exhibit a range in (peak) beam-averaged column density (), mass (), and number density (). Two of these cores, dark in the mid-infrared, centrally-concentrated, monolithic (with no traceable substructure at our PdBI resolution), and with estimated masses of the order ~20-25, are good candidates for the progenitors of intermediate-to-high-mass stars. Virial parameters span a range . Without additional support, possibly from dynamically important magnetic fields with strengths of the order 230G<B<670G, the cores are susceptible to gravitational collapse. These results may imply a multi-layered fragmentation process, which incorporates the formation of sub-filaments, embedded cores, and the possibility of further fragmentation
Effects of three different biochars on aggregate stability, organic carbon mobility and micronutrient bioavailability.
No full textPrevious studies have demonstrated both beneficial and detrimental effects on soil properties from biochar incorporation. Several biochars, with different feedstock origins, were evaluated for their effectiveness at improving soil quality of a sandy agricultural soil. A pot trial was used to investigate aggregate stability and microbial activity, pore water trace element mobility and micronutrient concentrations in grain of spring wheat after incorporation of three biochars. The feedstocks for biochar production were selected because they were established UK waste products, namely oversize woody material from green waste composting facilities, and rhododendron and soft wood material from forest clearance operations. Biochars were incorporated into the soil at a rate of 5% v/v. Aggregate stability was improved following addition of oversize biochar whilst microbial activity increased in all treatments. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in soil pore water from biochar-treated soils were raised, whilst micronutrient concentrations in wheat grain grown in the treated soils were significantly reduced. It was concluded that incorporation of biochar to temperate agricultural soils requires caution as it may result in reductions of essential grain micronutrients required for human health, whilst the effect on aggregate stability may be linked to organic carbon functional groups on biochar surfaces and labile carbon released from the char into the soil system
One click cloud orchestrator: Bringing complex applications effortlessly to the clouds
No full text© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.Infrastructure cloud systems offer basic functionalities only for managing complex virtual infrastructures. These functionalities demand low-level understanding of applications and their infrastructural needs. Recent research has identified several techniques aimed at enabling the semi-automated management and using applications that span across multiple virtual machines. Even with these efforts however, a truly flexible and end-user oriented approach is missing. This paper presents the One Click Cloud Orchestrator that not only allows higher level of automated infrastructure management than it was possible before, but it also allows end-users to focus on their computational problems instead of the complex cloud infrastructures needed for their execution. To accomplish these goals the paper reveals the novel building blocks of our new orchestrator from the components closely related to infrastructure cloud to the ways virtual infrastructures are modeled. Finally, we show our initial evaluation and study on how the orchestrator fulfills the high level requirements of end-users
Experiences with deploying legacy code applications as grid services using GEMLCA
No full textOne of the biggest obstacles in the wide-spread industrial take-up of Grid technology is the existence of a large amount of legacy code programs that is not accessible as Grid Services. On top of that, Grid technology challenges the user in order to intuitively interconnect and utilize resources in a friendly environment. This paper describes how legacy code applications were transformed into Grid Services using GEMLCA providing a user-friendly high-level Grid environment for deployment, and running them through the P-GRADE Grid portal. GEMLCA enables the use of legacy code programs as Grid services without modifying the original code. Using the P-GRADE Grid portal with GEMLCA it is possible to deploy legacy code applications as Grid services and use them in the creation and execution of complex workflows. This environment is tested by deploying and executing several legacy code applications on different sites of the UK e-Science OGSA testbed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005
Supplement: Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914
No full textThis Supplement provides supporting material for arXiv:1602.08492 . We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands
The Maintenance of Traditional and Technological forms of Post-Adoption Contact
Full text linkOpenness in adoption practice now often includes post-adoption contact with the adopted child's birth family. Traditionally, indirect and direct contact has been supported and mediated by professionals following the adoption of children from the public care system in the UK. However, more recently, the widespread growth in the use of digital technologies has made it possible for both adopted children and birth relatives to search and contact one another through the use of sites such as Facebook without professional support. This practice has been called ‘virtual contact’. Using data from interviews with 11 adoptive parents and 6 adopted young people, who had experienced virtual contact, it is suggested that virtual contact works well when it is successfully integrated with the maintenance of more traditional methods of contact but can present risks when introduced without prior contact. Implications for practice are discussed in terms of how virtual contact can become a positive addition to adoption practices by utilising integrated methods of openness through which adoptive relationships can be maintained
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