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Essor et Déclin d’une Ecole de Plein Air: Le Centre Dupré de Roubaix (v. 1921-1978)
Get PDFÀ ce jour des spécialistes ont toujours tendance à souligner l’approche holistique, innovante et centrée sur l’enfant des écoles de plein air. Une hypothèse tacite liée à cette idée consiste en ce que les promoteurs des écoles de plein air furent à l’origine d’un véritable « mouvement », qui a évolué naturellement et apporté des « progrès » en matière d’éducation, d’architecture, etc. Ayant établi que cela n’est pas conforme aux données historiques, nous nous posons la question si, en dépit de l’idiosyncrasie des divers « contextes » dans lesquels les écoles de plein air se sont manifestées, il ne court pas un « texte » dur de pratique pédagogique qui peut offrir une explication supplémentaire du déclin de ces institutions. Nous partons, en fait, de l’hypothèse qu’elles présentaient des faiblesses internes considérables sur le plan pédagogique et, avec le temps, étaient perçues non seulement comme une panacée (une utopie), mais aussi comme le contraire (une dystopie). Dans l’article, nous tentons de découvrir si cela s’applique aussi au « Centre Dupré » du « Pont-Rouge » et dans quelle mesure ce dernier peut être considéré comme un exemple pleinement révélateur d’un projet éducatif et architectural novateur. Nous constatons que son développement vers un « établissement de perfectionnement » pour enfants « arriérés » et « retardés » a sonné le glas du centre. En outre, toute innovation didactico-pédagogique et architecturale semble être restée au niveau de la rhétorique plutôt qu’à celui de la pratique quotidienne
From Popular to Unpopular Education? The Open-Air School(s) of ‘Pont-Rouge’, Roubaix (1921-1978)
No full textNew Education Within an Architectural Icon? A Case Study of a Milanese Open-Air School (1922-1977)
Get PDFFundamental Movement Skills in relation to weekday and weekend physical activity in preschool children
No full textOBJECTIVES: To examine associations between fundamental movement skills and weekday and weekend physical activity among preschool children living in deprived communities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observation study. METHODS: Six locomotor skills and 6 object-control skills were video-assessed using The Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol. Physical activity was measured via hip-mounted accelerometry. A total of 99 children (53% boys) aged 3-5 years (M 4.6, SD 0.5) completed all assessments. Multilevel mixed regression models were used to examine associations between fundamental movement skills and physical activity. Models were adjusted for clustering, age, sex, standardised body mass index and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS: Boys were more active than girls and had higher object-control skill competency. Total skill score was positively associated with weekend moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p=0.034) but not weekday physical activity categories (p>0.05). When subdomains of skills were examined, object-control skills was positively associated with light physical activity on weekdays (p=0.008) and with light (p=0.033), moderate-to-vigorous (p=0.028) and light- and moderate-to-vigorous (p=0.008) physical activity at weekends. Locomotor skill competency was positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays (p=0.016) and light physical activity during the weekend (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that developing competence in both locomotor and object-control skills may be an important element in promoting an active lifestyle in young children during weekdays and at weekends
Hygric properties of hemp bio-insulations with differing compositions
No full textThe paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation on the hygric properties of five hemp insulation materials commercially available in the UK. The hemp fibre content varies between 30% and 95% in the total fibre content of the insulation materials examined. The adsorption–desorption isotherm, moisture buffer value, vapour diffusion resistance factor and water absorption coefficient were determined for the insulation materials investigated. The results showed that the hygric properties of the hemp insulation materials could vary widely depending on the constituents and fibrous structure. The considerable differences noted in the hygric properties of the insulation materials examined could potentially influence their hygrothermal performance as part of a building thermal envelope
Must suffering beget suffering?
No full textAs the UK's Parliament votes to allow bombing in Syria, we ask - are there evidence-based ways to resolve this conflict
Mass Sites of Uíbh Laoghaire
No full textThe history of Catholicism is an essential component in the history of modern Ireland. As locations of a distinctively Catholic faith, Mass sites are important historical, ritual and counter-cultural sites that present a tangible connection to Ireland’s rich heritage for contemporary society. This localised study focusses on Uíbh Laoghaire, a parish located in the diocese of Cork and Ross, county Cork, providing one of the most thorough syntheses of available information in respect to Mass sites applied at a parish level. Uíbh Laoghaire is an area with strong Gaelic roots where the Irish language continues to be celebrated and preserved alongside folklore and older traditions. Based on an analysis of documentary and material records whilst simultaneously focussing on the material evidence that remains visible within the Irish landscape, the Mass sites are placed within a framework of sacred space that reflects older pre-Christian traditions
An experimental investigation into resonance dry grinding of hardened steel and nickel alloys with element of MQL
No full textCurrent policies on environmental issues put extra pressures on manufacturing processes to be resource efficient and eco-friendly. However, in grinding processes, large amounts of cutting fluids are used. These fluids are not environmental friendly thus require proper management before disposal with associated cost. Hence, this work sets to explore low-frequency vibration in grinding in order to improve coolant application in conventional grinding at the first stage with the aim to introduce this into high efficiency deep grinding (HEDG) at latter stage. An attempt is made to grind nickel alloys with minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) as oppose to flood cooling. To achieve this with minimum alterations to the machine tool, a piezo-driven workpiece holder was developed for surface grinding. This simple innovative workpiece holder allowed oscillating during actual grinding process. However, this paper presents the results of low-frequency oscillatory grinding in dry and near-dry conditions. The response of the machine tool spindle unit is presented alongside with the workpiece holder response. In this investigation, hardened steels and nickel alloys were ground with vibration assistance. The grinding forces are illustrated together with the surface finish. The wheel performance is given in terms of grinding ratio
Mapping reflexive shifts of attention in eye-centered and hand-centered coordinate systems.
No full textBehavioral studies indicate that directional gaze and hand pointing are fundamental social signals that may capture spatial attention more powerfully than directional arrows. By using fMRI, we explored whether reflexive shifts of attention triggered by different distracters were influenced by the motor effector used for performing an overt response. In separate blocks, healthy participants performed a directional saccadic or a hand pointing movement. Color changes of a central black fixation point constituted the imperative instruction signal to make a leftward (red color) or a rightward (blue color) movement while ignoring distracting leftward or rightward oriented gaze, hand pointing, or arrow. Distracters that were directionally incongruent with the instruction cue impaired the saccadic and pointing-release RTs. The comparison of incongruent vs. congruent conditions showed an increase of BOLD signal in the frontal eye field (FEF), the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) bilaterally. Importantly, a specific relationship between distracter and effector used for the response was found in these frontal and parietal regions. In particular, higher activity in the FEF, for distracting gaze was found mainly during the saccadic response task. In the same vein, higher activity in the left and right IPS regions was found for the distracting hand mainly in the hand pointing task. The results suggest that reflexive shifts of attention triggered by social signals are coded in the fronto-parietal cortex according to effector-specific mapping rules
EXERCISE TRAINING REDUCES THE FREQUENCY OF MENOPAUSAL HOT FLUSHES BY IMPROVING THERMOREGULATORY CONTROL
No full textObjectives: Post-menopausal hot flushes occur due to a reduction in oestrogen production causing thermoregulatory and vascular dysfunction. Exercise training enhances thermoregulatory control of sweating, skin and brain blood flow. We aimed to determine if improving thermoregulatory control and vascular function with exercise training alleviated hot flushes. Methods: Twenty one symptomatic females completed a 7-day hot flush questionnaire and underwent brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and a cardiorespiratory fitness test. Sweat rate and skin blood flow temperature thresholds and sensitivities, and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) was measured during passive heating. Females performed 16-weeks of supervised exercise training or control, and measurements were repeated. Results: There was a greater improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (4.45 ml•kg-1•min-1 (95% CI: 1.87, 8.16; P=0.04) and reduced hot flush frequency [48 hot flushes•week (39, 56) P<0.001] following exercise compared to control. Exercise reduced basal core temperature [0.14°C (0.01, 0.27) P=0.03] and increased basal MCAv [2.8 cm/s (1.0 to 5.2) P=0.04] compared to control. Sweat rate and skin blood flow thresholds occurred ~0.19 and 0.17°C earlier, alongside improved sweating sensitivity with exercise. MCAv decreased during heating [P<0.005], but was maintained 4.5 cm/s (3.6, 5.5 P<0.005) higher during heating following exercise compared to control [0.6 cm/s (-0.4, 1.4)]. Conclusions: Exercise training that improves cardiorespiratory fitness reduces self-reported hot flushes. Improvements are likely mediated through greater thermoregulatory control in response to increases in core temperature and enhanced vascular function in the cutaneous and cerebral circulations
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