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Neurotoxic phospholipase A2:A proposed cause of equine grass sickness and other animal dysautonomias (multiple system neuropathies)
Get PDFRecent studies indicate that a neurotoxic phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ;E.C. 3.1.1.4) is a likely cause of equine grass sickness (EGS), 1,2 ahitherto enigmatic acute multiple system neuropathy that kills approximately 1% of horses grazing in high-risk premises. 3,4 It islikely that this neurotoxin also causes the apparently identicalanimal dysautonomias that occur in cats, dogs, hares, rabbits,llamas, alpacas and, possibly, sheep. 5–11 The unidentified neuro-toxic PLA 2 (nPLA 2 ) could be an ingested microbial or plant PLA 2 , ora PLA 2 produced in vivo by gastrointestinal (GI) microbes. Here we summarise details of our current understanding of the aetiopatho-genesis of EG
The search to understand the development of the chicken immune system: differences in expression of MHC class I loci and waves of thymocytes as evolutionary relics?
No full textChickens are renowned as a model for embryogenesis but have also been responsible for crucial advances in virology, cancer research and immunology. However, chickens are best known as a major source of animal protein for human nutrition, with roughly 80 billion chickens alive each year supplying meat and eggs, the vast majority part of a global poultry industry. As a result, avian immunology been studied intensively for over 60 years, and it has become clear that a major genetic locus in chickens determining resistance to infectious disease and response to vaccines is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Compared to typical mammals, the chicken MHC is compact and simple, with only two classical class I genes. A dominantly-expressed class I gene, BF2, is the major ligand for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), while the other locus, BF1, is much less well-expressed, lacking in some MHC haplotypes, and is a ligand for natural killer (NK) cells. Cell surface class I expression in neonatal chicks is far less than in adults, and one possibility is that BF2 is not well-expressed early in ontogeny. A precedent is found for amphibians: the single classical class I molecule is not expressed in tadpoles of Xenopus frogs, although non-polymorphic (and thus non-classical) class I molecules from the XNC locus are expressed, which are recognised for immune defence by non-canonical NKT lymphocytes. Indeed, three waves of different T cells are produced by the Xenopus thymus: in tadpoles, during metamorphosis and finally as adults. Three waves of thymic emigrants are also found for chickens, and reasoning by analogy, it may be that the waves of thymocytes and the expression of class I molecules during ontogeny of chickens are evolutionary relics. As well as scientific interest in the ontogeny of MHC class I expression and appearance of peripheral T cells, there are potential practical implications, given the importance of vaccination in ovo and in day-old chicks for the poultry industry
Proximate electronic and magnetic phase transitions in CaFe3O5
No full textElectronic phase separation in lightly-doped CaFe3O5 has been investigated through a variable temperature powder neutron diffraction study of CaFe2.99M0.01O5 (M = Co, Mn) samples. This reveals a complex series of proximate phase transitions. Lattice strains resulting from the onset of charge order (CO) drive formation of a competing charge averaged (CA) phase that emerges at TCA = TCO = 320 K. The CA phase emerges as magnetically ordered but the long range spin ordering transition is limited by domain growth and so occurs at a slightly lower temperature (TCA(m) = 301 K for both samples). Magnetic ordering in the CO phase is not directly coupled to the other transitions, but is nearby in temperature with TCO(m) = 290(1) and 292(1) K for M = Co and Mn samples. The remarkable coincidence of energy scales for the formation of two distinct electronic ground states with differing lattice strains and their long range spin orders thus results in electronic and magnetic phase separation through a series of thermally proximate phase transitions in lightly-doped CaFe3O5
Race Review
No full textThis work is being conducted within the context of the UN International Decade for People of African Descent (2015-24) and in the wake of calls by grassroots communities of reparatory justice interest, students-led organizations and scholar-activists for higher education institutions (HEIs) to begin repairing the harms caused by institutional ties to the enslavement of African peoples and colonial oppression, and their legacies today. Each HEI is taking a different approach to their reparative justice programmes. Edinburgh is therefore at a critical point, and in a unique position, to do something different. Restoring the dignity of racially minoritized peoples from multiple Black (including African, African-descended, Caribbean) and Asian communities and other First Nation peoples requires an action plan designed to both recognize the past while providing a vision for institutional and cultural development in the future. The dataset comprises raw and anonymised responses from two questionnaires, cleaned and anonymised data, data analyses and results, the documents used to obtain ethical approval for the questionnaires, and files used to recruit participants for the questionnaires
Dataset for `Neutrophils have a temporal dichotomous role in acute liver injury and repair` - AT7519 neutrophil depletion
No full textWhole Liver from WT mice, 36 hours after 350mg/kg paracetamol i.p/ having received either 30mg/kg AT7159 or vehicle i.p. at 16 hours post. 36 hours is repair time point in this model, with 16 hours being peak inflammation. Nanostring mouse myeloid panel gene set with additional 10 gene spike (see attached documents) Liver Innate Immunity Response to Acute Injury with and with AT7519 mediated neutrophil depletio
"Sign and move on":Interpreter awareness of legal and ethical informed consent in maternity care
No full textThis article explores informed consent in maternity care in multilingual and multicultural contexts. Based on findings from a Royal Society of Edinburgh funded research project carried out in 2022 in Scotland, the article examines why consent is particularly crucial in maternity care, how it is usually obtained in the case of parents with limited English proficiency, and which barriers may stand in the way of truly informed consent. By focusing on the prevalent conception of informed consent as a legal requirement vis-à-vis its wider ethical implications, the objective of the article is to understand how the professional relationships between service providers, users, and interpreters may be enhanced through a discussion of the fiduciary aspect of interpreting and of advocacy for best possible outcomes
“The Show Must Go On!” Dance talent development in the context of coping during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFPsychobehavioral skills are acknowledged as useful for coping within talent development pathways, but the idiosyncratic nature of challenge experienced across individuals makes it hard to evaluate their use and efficacy. This study aimed to explore the impact of a generic stressor, the COVID-19 lockdowns, on dancers within a talent development pathway. We were interested in how dancers were perceived to have coped with this challenge and what skills, if any, they used. Fifteen practitioners (11 females, 4 males; Mage = 42.3 years; Mexperience = 18.4 years) were interviewed across eight Scottish performance/educational government-funded organisations. Data analysis used reflexive thematic analysis. Findings revealed important perceived impacts on physical and psychological health and wellbeing, with the majority of participants reporting surprise that some coped differently than expected. Coping well was perceived to result from taking advantage of developmental opportunities, facilitative environmental factors, and possessing key psychobehavioral characteristics. Performers who were perceived to struggle did not cope well with teaching, interpersonal, physical, and psychological factors which were exacerbated by social/environmental contexts, leading to pathway disengagement/derailment. Data suggest a need for greater and proactive integration of psychobehavioral skills within this pathway to better support those advancing to professional status and those who do not
The nature of sports coach development in China:What are we trying to achieve?
Get PDFCoach education and continuing career development have become a significant focus of global discussion within the sport domain. Current mainstream strategies for developing and assessing coaches in most countries, including China, are based on competency-based systems. However, there are many shortcomings of this system, especially when considering the varied practical challenges and needs of coaches and athletes; in short, such an approach does not facilitate enough adaptability. The purpose of this article is to critically review the literature, exploring both competence- and expertise-based coach development systems and their implications for coaching practice in China. Firstly, we introduce and discuss the competency-based approach, including its strengths and weaknesses and how this applies within the Chinese development system. Next, we introduce and evaluate an alternative, expertise-based development system characterised by adaptability and greater inclusiveness within the coaching domain, which is underpinned by a distinct set of cognitive decision making skills from the coach’s perspective. In addition, we expand this discussion by explaining the implications of this approach for coach assessment and offer some future suggestions for research in this area
Rough Path Theory
Get PDFThe theory of rough paths arose from a desire to establish continuity properties of ordinary differential equations involving terms of low regularity. While essentially an analytic theory, its main motivation and applications are in stochastic analysis, where it has given a new perspective on Itô calculus and a meaning to stochastic differential equations driven by irregular paths outside the setting of semi-martingales. In this survey, we present some of the main ideas that enter rough path theory. We discuss complementary notions of solutions for rough differential equations and the related notion of path signature, and give several applications and generalisations of the theory.</p
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