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The inter-generational construction of religious in/authenticity in the rituals of British Pakistani Muslims
Get PDFThis paper explores the phenomenon of rituals as a contested intersection of religion and ethnicity and demonstrates how changes in religio-ethnic inclinations of various generations of immigrant communities influence the religious authenticity/inauthenticity of rituals. Its focus is the British Pakistani Muslim community in the UK where the emerging second and subsequent generations of British Muslims have started to redefine and contest their religious and ethnic identities. The findings, derived through interview and observation, reveal that religion has become the preeminent marker of identity, eclipsing that of ethnic identity. Through reciprocal socialization, the first generation are relearning an Islam from younger generations that is unfettered by cultural bonds. We illustrate how and why rituals are deemed inauthentic and abandoned. Findings demonstrate that authenticity/inauthenticity provides a potential outlet for reflexive consumers to assert agency against ethnic norms and ideological hailings that are at odds with their emergent religious identities. Accordingly, the study conceptualizes emergent inauthenticity to explain this phenomenon and delineates the role of boundary work and contamination in the authentication and rejection of rituals.</p
Anglo-Dutch financial connections and contrasts in the late 18th Century:The Amsterdam phase of the 1772-3 credit crisis
Get PDFWe examine the Amsterdam phase of the 1772-3 financial crisis using the British experience in the same episode as comparative context. We conclude that, notwithstanding some direct exposures by Amsterdam institutions to the principals of the London crisis, the main linkage between the two outbreaks was the requirement for cash margin on loans backed by British East India Company shares. No significant contagion via the bills of exchange network spread from London to Amsterdam in the period separating the two outbreaks, but some feeding back of distress back to London is noticeable after the Dutch outbreak. The crisis was rooted in credit expansion, a deterioration in asset risk profiles, and speculation in West Indian mortgage securities and British equity markets. Speculators were enabled by information inefficiencies in the specialised and layered Amsterdam markets, and by the absence of a gatekeeper who could have regulated the provision of credit to them. To contain the outbreak, the Dutch drew on the cohesion of an informal club of insiders who led business and civic affairs. Though the credit markets resumed normal operations relatively quickly, the incurred losses were transformative for their long term prospects by devastating some of their most important firms
Child maltreatment, mental health disorders and health risk behaviors in people with diverse gender identities
Get PDFThis study examined rates of mental health disorders and health risk behaviors in people with diverse gender identities and associations with five types of child maltreatment. We used data from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS), a nationally representative survey of Australian residents aged 16 years and more, which was designed to understand the experience of child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, exposure to domestic violence). Mental disorders—major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcohol use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and health risk behaviors—smoking, binge drinking, cannabis dependence, self-harm, and suicide attempt in the past 12 months were assessed. People with diverse gender identities who experienced child maltreatment were significantly more likely to have GAD (43.3%; 95% CI [30.3, 56.2]) than those who had experienced child maltreatment who were either cisgender men (13.8%; [12.0, 15.5]) or cisgender women (17.4%; [15.7, 19.2]). Similarly, higher prevalence was found for PTSD (21.3%; [11.1, 31.5]), self-harm (27.8%; [17.1, 38.5]) and suicide attempt (7.2%; [3.1, 11.3]) for people with diverse gender identities. Trauma-informed approaches, attuned to the high likelihood of any child maltreatment, and the co-occurrence of different kinds may benefit people with diverse gender identities experiencing GAD, PTSD, self-harm, suicidal behaviors, or other health risk behaviors.</p
Experiences of censorship on TikTok across marginalised identities
Get PDFTikTok has seen exponential growth as a platform, fuelled by the success of its proprietary recommender algorithm which serves tailored content to every user - though not without controversy. Users complain of their content being unfairly suppressed by ''the algorithm'', particularly users with marginalised identities such as LGBTQ+ users. Together with content removal, this suppression acts to censor what is shared on the platform. Journalists have revealed biases in automatic censorship, as well as human moderation. We investigate experiences of censorship on TikTok, across users marginalised by their gender, LGBTQ+ identity, disability or ethnicity. We survey 627 UK-based TikTok users and find that marginalised users often feel they are subject to censorship for content that does not violate community guidelines. We highlight many avenues for future research into censorship on TikTok, with a focus on users' folk theories, which greatly shape their experiences of the platform
Family structure and policy contexts:Implications for tertiary education attainment in 25 European countries
Get PDFThis study examines how institutional contexts in 25 European countries moderate the association between family structure and tertiary education attainment. Previous research has proposed the resource deprivation perspective to explain lower educational outcomes among children from disrupted families, suggesting that policies addressing resource deprivation could mitigate these negative consequences. However, limited attention has been given to the role of policy contexts in shaping the educational outcomes of youth from disrupted families. This study focuses on two types of policies: the generosity of social benefits to single parents and financial support for students in tertiary education. Using data from the EU-SILC and employing multilevel regression models, the findings indicate that generous financial support for students reduces the tertiary education attainment gap between youth from separated and two-parent families. However, this effect is observed only among low-socioeconomic status (SES) and moderate-SES families. In contrast, the generosity of social benefits does not appear to moderate the association between family structure and tertiary education attainment, even when examining low-SES families or specifically considering benefits for low-earning single parents. Furthermore, the influence of these analysed policies is limited among young people from widowed families
Low awareness and affordability are major drivers of low consumption of animal-source foods among children in northern Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study
No full textAnimal‐source foods (ASFs), contain high amounts of essential nutrients that arereadily absorbed by the body. However, children in resource‐constrained settingsoften have limited access to these nutritious foods. This study aimed to investigatethe reasons for the low consumption of ASFs among children in the Amhara regionof Ethiopia. A community‐based mixed‐methods study was conducted, usingexploratory qualitative methods supplemented by the analysis of secondary datafrom the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The qualitative studyemployed a multiphase stepwise design and the maximum variation purposivesampling technique, enroling a diverse range of participants such as mothers and/orcaregivers, household heads, religious and community leaders, health and nutritionexperts, and others. The qualitative data were analysed using a thematic frameworkanalysis method, while the quantitative data were analysed using SPSS v22 statisticalsoftware. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify thepredictors of ASFs among children under 5 years of age in the region. Despite thelarge and diverse livestock populations available, only 13.2% of children consumedat least one animal‐source food (ASF) in the prior day. The most consumed ASFswere dairy and eggs, whereas beef, organ meat, and seafood were the least con-sumed. Household demographics such as residence, literacy level, paternal age, andhousehold wealth quintiles influenced the overall consumption of ASFs. The mainreasons for the low consumption of ASFs among children were unaffordability andpoor awareness among caregivers. In addition, religious misconceptions, price hikes,limited availability during certain seasons, low productivity, insufficient support fromhealth professionals, and time constraints for caregivers were also mentioned assignificant barriers to ASF consumption in the area. The consumption of ASFs amongchildren in Ethiopia, particularly in the Amhara region, remains very low. This ismainly due to the caregivers' levels of awareness and unaffordability of ASFs. It isrecommended that behavioural and sociocultural interventions be implemented thattarget caregivers to improve the consumption of ASFs among childre
Timpanaro and the Text of Ennius
Get PDFThis essay aims to show that the writings of Sebastiano Timpanaro will be of central importance to future editors of Ennius’ Annales. It makes this argument with specific reference to ann. 209 and 579 Sk., and also offers some thoughts on the style of Ennius’ poem
The "Wilderness of Inhabitation":Notions of oikos in Ulysses
Get PDFThe article considers the resonances between the notion of oikos and the idea of home in Ulysses by following the trails left by two advertisements: the Agendath Netaim pamphlet that Bloom finds at the butcher and the Plumtree’s potted meat jingle. As Bloom thinks and comments on these adverts, he questions key notions of the classical conceptualization of home. The paper claims that Bloom’s descriptions of romanticized environments, reflections on land appropriation, and representations of environmental desolation give an insight into potential ways to create a livable abode. Oscillating between idealization and violence, possession and care, his musings touch on two concepts that are etymologically linked to the term oikos: economy — from oikos + nómos (management of the household), and ecology — from oikos + terminal element -logy (discourse on a dwelling place). Stretching across domestic spaces, imaginary residences, and foreign enterprises, they provide fertile ground to explore ways of conceptualizing, managing, and inhabiting a dwelling place to be called home
Empedocles and the Early Stoics
Get PDFA study of the Stoic reception of Empedocles, with two case studies of doctrinal influence: a) the elements and b) the corporeal soul
Evolving Perspectives in Hymenoptera Systematics: Bridging Fossils and Genomes across Time
No full textThe recent advances in sequencing technologies, phylogenomics and divergence dating methods call for an integrative review of the current state of Hymenoptera systematics. We here explore the impact of these latest developments on the Hymenoptera phylogeny and our understanding of the timing of Hymenoptera evolution, while identifying the current methodological constraints and persistent knowledge gaps that warrant further investigation. Our review highlights the lack of consensus among the backbone phylogeny of Hymenoptera between key phylogenomic studies, as the higher level phylogeny remains unresolved in key nodes such as the relationships among Eusymphyta, the relationships within the Infraorder Proctotrupomorpha and the placements of the superfamilies Ichneumonoidea, Ceraphronoidea and Vespoidea. Furthermore, we underline the huge variation in divergence age estimates for Hymenoptera and detect several major gaps and/or disagreements between the fossil record and available age estimates, either due to the poorly studied fossil record or problematic age estimates, or both. To better understand the timing of Hymenoptera evolution and the role of key diversification factors, we will need continuous efforts to (i) reconcile conflicts among morphological and molecular phylogenies, by improving taxon sampling of underrepresented lineages, applying novel techniques to study morphology, making use of genome-scale data and critically assessing incongruences in genetic markers; (ii) improve the Hymenoptera fossil record, by exercising integrative taxonomy and bringing together paleontologists and neontologists; and (iii) reconcile age estimates, by relying on tip dating approaches to bridge fossils, morphology and genomes across time.</p
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