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Childhood food insecurity trajectories and adolescent eating disorder symptoms:A UK cohort study
Get PDFPurpose: Food insecurity is increasingly linked with disordered eating. However, studies have not yet explored impacts of childhood food insecurity on disordered eating in adolescence. This study examined the links between patterns of childhood food insecurity and adolescent disordered eating. Methods: Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort in the UK (6,723 participants; 55.7% girls). Food insecurity was reported by mothers from pregnancy to age 7. Disordered eating was reported by adolescents at ages 14, 16, and 18. Results: Most participants experienced no food insecurity throughout childhood (n = 5,801, 77.9%), followed by low food insecurity (n = 416, 12.4%), time-limited food insecurity (n = 292, 6.0%), and persistent food insecurity (n = 214, 3.7%). At age 14 adolescents in the time-limited food insecurity group had higher odds of binge eating (OR = 1.63, p = .040), and those in the persistent food insecurity group had higher odds of compensatory behaviours compared those in the no food insecurity group (OR = 1.72, p = .025). No significant associations were observed with disordered eating at age 16. At age 18 adolescents in the time-limited food insecurity group compared to the no food insecurity group had higher odds of compensatory behaviours (OR = 1.68, p = .041). Conclusions: Findings showed that childhood food insecurity was linked with higher odds of disordered eating in adolescence. Interestingly, associations were observed for those experiencing either time-limited or persistent food insecurity, highlighting the potential impact of early childhood experiences
Understanding the challenges of blockchain technology adoption:Evidence from China’s developing carbon markets
Get PDFPurposeBlockchain is a disruptive technology that has matured to deliver robust, global, IT systems, yet adoption lags predictions. The authors explore barriers to adoption in the context of a global challenge with multiple stakeholders: integration of carbon markets. Going beyond the dominant economic-rationalistic paradigm of information system (IS) innovation adoption, the authors reduce pro-innovation bias and broaden inter-organizational scope by using technological frames theory to capture the cognitive framing of the challenges perceived within the world’s largest carbon emitter: China.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews with 15 key experts representing three communities in China’s carbon markets: IT experts in carbon markets; carbon market experts with conceptual knowledge of blockchain and carbon market experts with practical blockchain experience.FindingsPerceived technical challenges were found to be the least significant in explaining adoption. Significant challenges in five areas: social, political legal and policy (PLP), data, organizational and managerial (OM) and economic, with PLP and OM given most weight. Mapping to frames developed to encompass these challenges: nature of technology, strategic use of technology and technology readiness resolved frame incongruence that, in the case explored, did not lead to rejection of blockchain, but a decision to defer investment, increase the scope of analysis and delay the adoption decision.Originality/valueIncreases scope and resolution of IS adoption research. Technological frames theory moves from predominant economic-rational models to a social cognitive perspective. Broadens understanding of blockchain adoption in a context combining the world’s most carbon emissions with ownership of most blockchain patents, detailing socio-technical challenges and delivering practical guidance for policymakers and practitioners
2-1-3 orders in Dutch verb clusters
Get PDFA generalization that has emerged in the literature on verb clusters in West Germanic languages is that so-called 2-1-3 orders (where verb n selects verb n+1) are absent with core clustering verbs. In this paper we show that Dutch permits 2-1-3 order as an optional variant of the more widely acknowledged 1-2-3 order. The 2-1-3 order is subject to a range of restrictions involving the lexical items in the cluster, the morphological form of these items, whether other elements intervene, and where focus is placed. We argue that these restrictions are best understood if the 2-1-3 order is derived from an underlying 1-2-3 cluster through a post-syntactic inversion rule. This rule shares various properties with other inversion rules but cannot be reduced entirely to a familiar rule typ
Local Priests in the Latin West, 900-1050
Get PDFThe local priest was the most ubiquitous embodiment of the Church for many people in medieval Christian Europe. By centring this key figure in post-Carolingian Europe, this book provides a fresh perspective on the transition between two focuses of historiographical attention, the Carolingian reform and the Gregorian reform. This pivot away from Church elites such as popes, bishops and abbots, and the institutional structures of dioceses and parishes, sheds light on new lines of continuity and moments of transformation, examining the resources and kinship ties of local priests and assessing their relationship with the bishop at both the collective and the individual level. It draws on a variety of methodologies and forms of evidence, ranging from the detailed study of specific manuscripts to wide-ranging overviews of liturgical and documentary evidence
Respect, self-respect, and self-knowledge
No full textKnowledge and respect exhibit a puzzling self-other asymmetry: Self-respect generates an imperative to know oneself, but as the objectionability of paternalism and privacy violations illustrate, respect for others can require that we avoid acquiring, or making use of, knowledge we have about them. This article elaborates this asymmetry and offers a solution to it, rooted in the distinctive importance that self-knowledge has for self-respecting rational agents: Self-respecting agents have reasons to have others defer to their ‘surfaces’ or self-presentations in order to inhibit making themselves vulnerable to others in ways that undermine their self-respect by subordinating their wills to the wills of others, as well as to ensure that self-knowledge can play its desired role in the lives of self-respecting agents.<br/
Importance of blood pressure lowering in patients with direct oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral haemorrhage in the acute phase and for secondary prevention
Get PDFPurpose:Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is an important complication of direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) therapy, where risks and prognosis are potentially modified by effective blood pressure (BP) control, both in the acute phase and for secondary prevention. Herein, we review BP management in the context of general anticoagulation associated ICH and specifically in DOAC-ICH, considering current evidence and highlighting outstanding questions.Method:Narrative review.Findings:Pooled analyses of major trials of BP lowering in acute ICH patients without anticoagulants demonstrate a reduction in the risk of haematoma expansion. As anticoagulant-associated ICH patients tend to be older, have more co-morbidities, and larger haematomas at baseline with a greater risk of expansion, the risks and benefits of intensive BP lowering treatment might both be higher. Small observational studies of DOAC-ICH patients suggest that lower achieved BP is associated with less expansion, lower mortality, and better functional outcomes. Care bundles including both anticoagulant reversal and intensive BP lowering might reduce the risk of death and disability in DOAC-ICH. Optimal control of BP in survivors of ICH reduces the risk of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke but whether this modulates the risks and benefits of restarting a DOAC is unknown.Discussion:Limited evidence suggests that BP should be well managed in DOAC-ICH patients, in the same way as ICH patients not on anticoagulants, both in the hyperacute phase and for secondary prevention. Hypothetical differences in the effects of BP lowering treatment in DOAC-ICH need to be tested in clinical trials
Handworkers and repair in Greek sanctuaries
Get PDFThe study of workers in Greek sanctuaries is not new. Scholars, especially those interested in economic and labor matters, have mined ancient building accounts for information concerning individual artisans, their status (metic, slave, citizen) and origins, labor and material costs, division of labor, and the acquisition and transport of materials.1 ‘Itinerant craftsmen’ are well known in the study of Greek sanctuaries, something Jeremy McInerney alludes to in his essay in this volume;2 epigraphical evidence attests to workers who wandered far from their homes for major projects, such as the rebuilding of the temple of Apollo at Delphi in the fourth century BCE, and, of course, workers also could be local, such as the many who labored on the Erechtheion on the Athenian Akropolis.3 While studies of laborers in Greek sanctuaries have focused on big building projects, particularly those with extant inscribed building contracts, this essay takes up a different theme: the day-to-day workers in sanctuaries who tended to all types of maintenance and repairs to objects and buildings. This essay considers evidence for such sanctuary employees, including what types of workers were needed, then takes up the more problematic question of where such workers were housed
The colonial Enlightenment and slavery in eighteenth-century Mauritius
Get PDFThe fall of the Compagnie des Indes after the Seven Years’ War prompted a crown takeover of the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. The new royal administration in Ile de France (modern Mauritius) turned to natural and economic science to increase the island’s productivity and improve the condition of enslaved people. However, a network of colonists and ex-Company men, represented by the Mauritian-born landholder Joseph-Francois Charpentier de Cossigny, embedded themselves in the apparatus of enlightened reforms. In the absence of an established plantation system on the island, they exploited the persistence of Company-style patrimonialism to obtain public subsidies for their investments in slavery. Cossigny framed the horticultural, commercial, ethnographic, and scientific research he conducted as public service. His critics denounced it as rent seeking. Lobbying for Mascarene slaveholders in Paris during the Revolution convinced Cossigny that the Enlighten- ment could be more than an extension of economic claims making; it could be mobilized to reinvent Atlantic slavery in the Indian Ocean. An Enlightenment born of colonialism on the periphery of the plantation complex thus flowed into an emerging antiabolitionist movement
Transformative embodied cognition
No full textHow should accounts that stress the embodied, embedded and engaged character of human minds accommodate the role of rationality in human subjectivity? Drawing on Matthew Boyle’s contrast between ‘additive’ and ‘transformative’ conceptions of rationality, I argue that contemporary work on embodied cognition tends towards a problematic ‘additivism’ about the relationship between mature human capacities to think and act for reasons, and sensorimotor capacities to skillfully engage with salient features of the environment. Additivists view rational capacities to reason and reflect as a distinct ‘layer’ or ‘storey’ of human cognition, with a normative structure that differs from that of the sensorimotor coping skills which support it. I argue that emphasizing the embodied and engaged character of human minds is better combined with a ‘transformative’ conception of rationality – one which holds that acquiring abilities to give and ask for reasons transforms the normative structure of our unreflective embodied dealings with the environment. And I argue that a transformative embodied cognitive science of human rationality is not only possible, but underway. Integrating existing work on embodied cognition with work on the cultural and developmental contexts that shape human minds suggests how human immersion in culture transforms the structure of sensorimotor engagements by bringing about the communicability and negotiability of the meanings to which those engagements attune us
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