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Prevalence of diverse genders and sexualities in Australia and associations with five forms of child maltreatment and multi-type maltreatment
Get PDFThis study presents the most comprehensive national prevalence estimates of diverse gender and sexuality identities in Australians, and the associations with five separate types of child maltreatment and their overlap (multi-type maltreatment). Using Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) data (N = 8503), 9.5% of participants identified with a diverse sexuality and.9% with a diverse gender. Diverse identities were more prevalent in the youth cohort, with 17.7% of 16–24 years olds identifying with a diverse sexuality and 2.3% with a diverse gender. Gender and sexuality diversity also intersect – for example, with women (aged 16–24 and 25–44) more likely than men to identify as bisexual. The prevalence of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence was very high for those with diverse sexuality and/or gender identities. Maltreatment was most prevalent for participants in the youth cohort with diverse gender identities (90.5% experiencing some form of child maltreatment; 77% multi-type maltreatment) or diverse sexualities (85.3% reporting any child maltreatment; 64.3% multi-type maltreatment). The strong association found between child maltreatment and diverse sexuality and gender identities is critical for understanding the social and mental health vulnerabilities of these groups, and informing services needed to support them.</p
Hormonal stories:a new materialist exploration of hormonal emplotment in four case studies
Get PDFHormones are complex biosocial objects that provoke myriad cultural narratives through their association with social activities and identities, and these narratives have the power to shape people’s lived realities and bodies. While hormones were historically conceptualised as ‘master molecules’ capable of controlling various life processes, their explanatory potential has now been overshadowed by technoscientific developments like omics- and gene-based biotechnologies that have reframed how human bodies and behaviours are understood. Considering these shifts, this paper asks what roles hormones perform and what stories they are arousing today. Through a patchwork of four hormone stories about contraception, gender hacking, birth, and autism-specific horse therapy, we show how hormones remain vital protagonists in the constitution of bodies, affects, environments, places, politics, and selves in the contemporary period. Building on new materialist approaches, we adopt and extend the notion of ‘emplotment’ to encapsulate how hormones act as key characters in our plots. They are working to complicate dominant understandings of what bodies are and can be in new ways as they mediate different plots of bodily experience, in ways showing the ongoing powerful salience of hormones and their ascendancy in the present.<br/
In every end, there is also a beginning:Experiences of career transitions through sport
Get PDFIn sport, as in life, people experience transitions on a regular basis. This exploratory research examined the experience of the transitional process within sport using a qualitative methodology. The seven participants had worked within their sport for over 30 years, firstly as an athlete, then a coach, and finally a coach developer. Semi-structured interviews with each participant (x2) allowed for exploration of their experiences of changing roles within their organizations and revealed three themes: importance of timely support; ongoing professional conversations; where am I going with this? These themes, exemplified by the use of direct quotes from the participants, were used to provide context and deeper understanding of the transition from athlete to coach to coach developer. The participants revealed a certain degree of serendipity, due to a lack of structure and process in their experiences. As a result, we suggest some practical steps that organisations could adopt to assist in this process
lentiviral mediated apoE4 transduction in primary neuronal culture
No full textTo identify the molecular changes in signalling pathways triggered by altered apoE4 expression, we used lentiviral transduction to overexpress human apoE4 in 18-21 DIV primary hippocampal neurons. The molecular consequences of altered apoE4 expression in these neurons were the mapped by proteomic analysis. In silico investigations highlighted changes in proteins associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin signalling and oxidative phosphorylation. Interestingly, by combining the data generated here with proteomic data from human patient AD APOE4 “spared” (BA17) and “affected” (BA41/42) synaptic isolates it is possible to identify physiological correlates in synaptic signalling pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, sirtuin signalling, glutamate receptor signalling and calcium signalling. Thus, in combination with patient derived post mortem analyses, this viral apoE4 overexpression neuronal culture system could assist with delineation of apoE4 triggered molecular perturbations from chronic neurodegenerative processes present in end stage AD brain regions. As explained above (using our standard workflows) the mass spec data output are provided in the files below – BiolayoutclustersforApoE4.xlsx ApoE4Comparisonmolecules.xlsx The BiolayoutclustersforApoE4.xlsx files contains the Biolayout clusters identified by expression profile from the cell culture proteomic dataset. The ApoE4Comparisonmolecules.xlsx file contains tabs of a number of signalling cascades containing proteins exhibiting log ratio fold changes between transduced cells and human tissue samples and include: Sample details – including TMT tag information LC-MS data filtered by number of unique peptides (2 or more only)Wishart, Thomas. (2020). lentiviral mediated apoE4 transduction in primary neuronal culture, [dataset]. University of Edinburgh. Roslin Institute. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/291
Geometric approaches to Lagrangian averaging
Get PDFLagrangian averaging theories, most notably the generalized Lagrangian mean (GLM) theory of Andrews and McIntyre, have been primarily developed in Euclidean space and Cartesian coordinates. We reinterpret these theories using a geometric, coordinate-free formulation. This gives central roles to the flow map, its decomposition into mean and perturbation maps, and the momentum 1-form dual to the velocity vector. In this interpretation, the Lagrangian mean of any tensorial quantity is obtained by averaging its pull-back to the mean configuration. Crucially, the mean velocity is not a Lagrangian mean in this sense. It can be defined in a variety of ways, leading to alternative Lagrangian mean formulations that include GLM and Soward and Roberts’s volume-preserving version. These formulations share key features that the geometric approach uncovers. We derive governing equations both for the mean flow and for wave activities constraining the dynamics of the perturbations. The presentation focuses on the Boussinesq model for inviscid rotating stratified flows and reviews the necessary tools of differential geometry.</p
Compact bilinear operators and paraproducts revisited
Get PDFWe present a new proof of the compactness of bilinear paraproducts with CMO symbols. By drawing an analogy to compact linear operators, we first explore further properties of compact bilinear operators on Banach spaces and present examples.We then prove compactness of bilinear paraproducts with CMO symbols by combining one of the properties of compact bilinear operators thus obtained with vanishing Carleson measure estimates and interpolation of bilinear compactness.<br/
Review of the World Health Organization guideline on preventive chemotherapy for public health control of strongyloidiasis
Get PDFStrongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis that is estimated to affect 300–600 million people across Asia, Africa, South and central America, and the Pacific. This neglected parasitic disease is most known for its ability to persist as a lifelong infection due to autoinfection and its risk of hyperinfection and disseminated disease during immunosuppression, which has a more than 60% case fatality. Despite the large global burden of strongyloidiasis, there have been no large-scale public health programmes or WHO guidelines directed towards its control and elimination. However, over the past decade, key scientific and policy changes along with requests from endemic countries have led to WHO incorporating strongyloidiasis into its 2021–30 roadmap and public health targets for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases. In 2024, WHO published its first guideline on public health control of strongyloidiasis with a single recommendation: in endemic settings with a Strongyloides stercoralis infection prevalence of 5% or higher (measured either with Baermann or agar plate culture from stool specimens), WHO conditionally recommends mass drug administration with single-dose ivermectin (200 μg/kg; oral therapy) in all age groups from 5 years and older to reduce strongyloidiasis. This Review, written by the 2023–24 strongyloidiasis guidelines development group along with WHO colleagues and international experts, presents a summary of the recently published WHO guideline recommendation for strongyloidiasis, and the supporting evidence, considerations for public health implementation, and future research needs.</p
The stab resistance of Bombyx mori silk cocoons
Get PDFThis study considers the mechanical response of Bombyx mori silk cocoons to knife stabbing, a simple but controlled way of simulating predaceous penetration. Here, we stab test both entire cocoons (EC) and cocoon wall segments (CWS) statically and dynamically, and note that the process can be broken down in three stages. The first stage involves material deflection, the second is knife penetration, and the third is knife perforation. It is found that ca. 95 % of the kinetic energy is lost during the penetration stage. There are noticeable differences in strain between the equatorial ( = 13 %) and meridional ( = 1.5 %) directions before and after the stabbing of EC specimens (p <0.001). The apparent area of the cocoon is noted to be on average 7 % lower after stabbing than it is prior to being stabbed (p <0.01). It is found that while compression of the cocoon from stabbing results in equatorial expansion (with a Poisson's ratio, ν = 0.25), in the meridional direction the cocoon contracts (ν = -0.05) thus displaying auxetic behavior. Force-deflection curves are different in CWS specimens as compared to EC specimens, and this is attributable to natural curvatures in CWS specimens remaining even after a being flattened for mounting and testing. Differences between EC and CWS specimens are also noticeable in the sizes of the stab footprints, with EC samples exhibiting 33 % smaller footprints than CWS samples (p < 0.001). It is concluded that testing whole cocoon structures provides a more accurate understanding of their properties as compared to cut and flattened structures. This is because flattening cocoon wall specimens induces delamination and multiple failure zones, reducing the natural stab resistance of the material.<br/
Tackling precarious work through work and organisational psychology:It’s work but not as we know it
Get PDFScholarly research interest in precarious work is on the rise; however, contributions from Work and Organisational Psychology (WOP) remain in their infancy. This may be because precarious work often exists outside of traditional workplaces, which are the mainstay of WOP research and practice. Presenting a case for the importance of a WOP perspective on precarious work, we draw on historical developments on the topic and highlight key areas for WOP contribution. We illustrate the importance of a multilevel and contextualised conceptualisation of precarious work, which can only be understood through multi-stakeholder collaboration (praxis). We propose a need for radical and transformative structural change, which centres on human values and highlights the subjective experiences of affected people, their families, and communities. In doing so we aim to stimulate future WOP research and practice that impacts policy and shapes work in a way that enhances the social good
Data and example code accompanying "Field investigation of bicycles for indirect bridge Structural Health Monitoring"
No full textThis dataset comprises acceleration responses for a pedestrian/cycle shared-use bridge. The data were collected in two phases. In phase 1, the accelerometer sensors were on the bridge. The data include response to pedestrian heel drop impacts and to ambient excitation. In phase 2, the accelerometer sensors were on the bridge and the bicycle. The data include responses to bicycle traversals and to ambient excitation
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