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بازخوانی انتقادی سیاستگذاری هستهای جمهوری اسلامی ایران؛ تبیینی از منظر مدل تفکر راهبردی
No full textبیتردید پروندة هستهای ایران مهمترین حوزة سیاستگذاری خارجی در دورة زیست جمهوری اسلامی ایران بوده است؛ تطویل زمانی بیش از دو دههای و به گروگانگیری حوزههای دیگر سیاستگذاری ازجمله دفاعی-امنیتی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی دلیل این اهمیت است. در این پژوهش، با هدف تبیین آسیبهای سیاستگذاری هستهای جمهوری اسلامی ایران، به بازخوانی انتقادی چهار دورة کلیدی پرداختهایم. پرسش محوری مقاله این است که خوانش انتقادی از سیاستگذاری هستهای ایران از منظر تفکر راهبردی چه دلالتهایی دارد؟ پژوهش با استفاده از تحلیل تاریخی-انتقادی کیفی و دادههایی شامل سخنرانیها، مصاحبههای مقامها و پیشینه انجام شده است. این مقاله با اتکا به دو عنصر اصلی تفکر راهبردی در قالب بحث نظری که ترکیبی از «عقلانیت راهبردی» و «سازگاری پویا» است بر این ادعاست که مسئلة اصلی در سیاستگذاری هستهای ایران نه فقدان کامل عقلانیت راهبردی یا سازگاری پویا، بلکه نقص همزمان این دو مؤلفه و ناتوانی در ایجاد تعامل پایدار بین آنهاست. یافتهها نشان میدهد که این ناتوانی در ایجاد تعامل پایدار در دو سطح خود را بازنمایانده است: در سطح شناختی، سیاستها بیشازحد متکی بر شهود و ایدئولوژی بوده؛ و در سطح عملیاتی فاقد سازوکارهای یادگیری نهادی باقی مانده است؛ امری که به تکرار خطاها و ناپایداری دستاوردها میانجامد. در پایان راهکارهایی برای برونرفت از چرخة بازتولید بحران مطرح شده است
Forensic Psychological Expert Assessment Conflict of Loyalties of the Child in Court Disputes between Parents about his Upbringing
No full textIn order to clarify the content and expert value of the child’s "loyalty conflict" as one of the key concepts in the forensic psychological expert study of family relationships, the phenomenon of child loyalty is considered within the framework of an activity approach. The qualitative and dynamic characteristics of the transformation of family loyalty at different stages of conflict, parental divorce and legal dispute over the upbringing of a child are analyzed. The following types and stages of the formation of a negative attitude towards one of the parents are highlighted: differentiation of loyalties, instability of loyalties, parallel loyalties, dominant loyalty, no alternative loyalty, induced loyalty. The manifestations of the conflict of loyalties are generalized and systematized, its adaptive potential and destructive influence on the psychological state and mental development of the child are revealed. The methodology of using the phenomenon under study in the production of forensic examination in disputes between parents about the child’s place of residence or the order of meetings of a separate parent with a child is proposed.</p
Personal Characteristics of Men Newly Sentenced to Imprisonment Related to the Time Interval between Two Convictions
No full textThe article presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a sample of convicted men serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty with a second criminal record (70 individuals with a short time interval between crimes and 70 with a long one). The aim of the study is to identify intergroup differences in indicators of delinquency, adaptability, and meaningfulness of life, as well as to establish correlations between these personal characteristics and the time interval between convictions. The research objectives were: 1) to conduct psychodiagnostics using methods from the Psychometrics database, including a combined methodology for assessing delinquency, the Adaptability questionnaire by A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyanin, and the SOHO Test by D.A. Leontiev; 2) to perform mathematical and statistical processing, including comparative and correlation analyses of the data; 3) to identify intergroup differences and verify their reliability. The characteristics of both groups of convicts are presented based on the data obtained. Significant intergroup differences were noted in specific indicators of the three studied integrative personality characteristics. The study shows that a short time interval between convictions is associated with a propensity to violate norms and rules, impulsivity in character, and lower moral normativity, while it is not related to the meaningfulness of life. In contrast, a long interval correlates with a propensity to lie, volitional self-regulation, communicative potential, and an external locus of control over one’s own life.</p
Microfoundations of innovation capability creation in organizations: the role of learning, cognition, and routine
No full textAbstract Scholars and managers have discussed the best ways to create organizational capabilities. This study engages in this discussion by examining the microfoundations of innovation capability creation through routine, cognition, and learning. The research consists of a systematic literature review on the issue and a multiple case study. The review analyzed 18 articles published between 2013 and 2022, identified through a search on the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The multiple case study was prepared with data from five science-based startups, collected through 14 interviews with their founders and managing partners. The systematic review of literature allowed us to identify the microfoundations of learning, cognition, and routine, establishing an organized view of the process of innovation capability creation and offering contributions to both the literature and practice. This study contributes to the discussion on innovation capability creation by clarifying which microfoundations are essential in this process, providing scholars with a useful framework, and offering practitioners a clear view of three microfoundations that support decision-makers interested in the issue. Furthermore, the research presents a set of microfoundations that reflect how technology-based companies create capabilities
Features of Expression of Emotions in Adolescence Girls in Cybergrooming Situations
No full textSolving the problem of cybergrooming of adolescence girls on the Internet requires an in-depth study of the characteristics of victims’ expression of their emotions in the process of online contact with cybergroomers. The experiences and emotional reactions exhibited by adolescence girls in the process of illicit communication are an indicator of their resistance or vulnerability to manipulative influence. The article presents the results of a content analysis of written dialogues between 15 cybergroomers and 111 adolescence girls, implemented on the Internet. 11 categories have been identified that determine girls’ emotions when communicating with offenders. Using factor analysis, a two-factor model of their communication was determined. It has been established that the “Infatuation” factor (feeling of love, trust and friendliness) determines vulnerability to cybergrooming, and the “Boundary Defending” factor (reluctance to obey and dissatisfaction with what is happening) determines resistance to influence. It is concluded that the system of education and development of adolescence girls should include information about the rules of Internet communication with other people.</p
Tanzanian pupils' perspectives on the "Don't Touch Me" song: recall, demonstration and understanding of a police-led sexual violence awareness intervention
No full textChild sexual violence (CSV) is a critical issue in Tanzania, with reported cases rising significantly. This qualitative study examines the perspectives of Tanzanian pupils on the "Don't Touch Me" song, which was used by Police Gender and Children's Desk officers in a child sexual violence awareness intervention in Chamwino District. Guided by Albert Bandura's social learning theory, the research explores pupils' ability to recall and demonstrate the song, investigating its influence on their understanding of CSV and bodily autonomy. Through focus group discussions, interviews, and documentary reviews, the findings reveal that pupils effectively recalled and demonstrated the song, thereby enhancing their understanding of bodily autonomy, identifying private areas, and recognising inappropriate touch in this regard. Besides, the intervention equipped them with self-protection strategies meanwhile reinforcing the importance of consent. In conclusion, these results highlight the effectiveness of creative interventions in improving children's understanding of CSV. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of such programs and compare them with other educational approaches to refine child protection strategies
تقارن پسابرگزیت-کووید بر اقتصاد بریتانیا از منظر سازهانگاری نوکارکردگرایانه
No full textدر آستانة سال ۲۰۲۱م، اقتصاد بریتانیا تحت تأثیر منفی قرنطینة اجباری و اعمال محدودیتهای ملی، بهدلیل همهگیری پسابرگزیت قرارگرفت. تقارن همهگیری کووید-۱۹ و برگزیت برایند تحولی عمیق و اساسی در چشمانداز اقتصادی این کشور است که به تغییر پارادایمی چشمگیری انجامید؛ مسخ و تحولی که نیازمند بررسیهای جامع و دقیق است. بر اساس نظریة سازهانگاری نوکارکردگرایانه، در این تحلیل به تعامل میان شیوع سویههای کووید و پیامدهای اقتصادی برگزیت پرداختهایم، چراکه هر دو سناریو تداوم و تحول در پویاییهای ساختاری اقتصاد بریتانیا را موجب شدند. برای درک تأثیرات این بحرانها بر اقتصاد کشور، ضروری است به عوامل علّی این بحرانها و اقدامهای درمانی انجامشده برای برونرفت از این معضل توجه کنیم، ازجمله سیاستها و اقدامهای پیشگیرانه و مؤثر در مدیریت سلامت عمومی و نتایج اقتصادی. پیشینة پژوهشها دربارة این عوامل نشان میدهد که ماهیت اصلی این بحرانها چگونه بهوضوح بر ثبات و تابآوری اقتصادی تأثیرگذار بوده است. در این مقاله، هدف مبرهن آن است که نقش چالشهای همزمان ناشی از اختلالهای پساپاندمی را در بهوجودآمدن فضایی چالشبرانگیز برای سیاستگذاران و فشارهای ناشی از آن را برای تطابق با شرایط متحول روزافزون بررسی کنیم. از دیدگاه سازهانگاری نوکارکردگرایانه، مسئلة مورد مطالعه در قالب سازههای اجتماعی و معانی مشترک آنها تعریف شده است. در این راستا، بحران پسابرگزیت و کووید-19 رویدادهای عاملی تجربهساز، مسخکنندة ساختارهای اجتماعی و معانی مشترک مرتبط با هویت ملی، سیاستگذاری اقتصادی و روابط بینالمللی لحاظ شد و آثار این بحرانها بر معانی و ساختارهای اجتماعی و اینکه چگونه این تغییرات، پویاییهای اقتصادی و سیاستگذاری را متبلور و تبیین کرده است، هدف تحقیق حاضر و ادراک این روابط در قالب سازههای اجتماعی مشترک است. بر پایة نظریة سازهانگاری نوکارکردگرایانه بهمنزلة سنگبنای نظریة حاضر، تحت لوای این فرضیه که سیاستورزی مبتنیبر راهبرد حل مسئله راهکاری مؤثر برای خروج از این آشوب پرطمطراق لحاظ شده و ایجاد فرصتهای نوین، بهویژه در کاهش تنشهای اقتصادی، نظیر بحران اقتصادی شدید منتج از همهگیری، مسجل شده است
A ILHA DAS BALEIAS: LIBERDADE DE CAÇA E ARRANJOS DE TRABALHO NA BALEAÇÃO EM ITAPARICA (1814-1890)
Full text linkResumo Este artigo aborda as mudanças estruturais e o funcionamento das armações baleeiras da Ilha de Itaparica, após o fim do exclusivo colonial. Sua dimensão temporal delimita-se entre 1814 e 1890. A forma como foram reabertas, as relações de trabalho, as atividades produtivas agregadas às armações e o engajamento dos libertos na baleação são questões centrais na análise do texto. As fontes usadas foram inventários, testamentos, livros de notas, relatório de governo da capitania e presidente de província, processos criminais, jornais, registro de batismo e mapa estatístico
Russians’ Attitude towards the Death Penalty: The Role of Personal and Socio-Psychological Characteristics
No full textThe work is aimed at studying the connection between personality traits, political attitudes and social beliefs with the attitude of Russians towards the death penalty. The results of theoretical analysis and empirical research obtained from a sample of 450 people (49% men), aged from 18 to 74 (M=33.3; SD=13.7) are presented. Methods used: an ultra-short version of the Big Five questionnaire (BFI-2-XS), a short version of the “Dark Tetrad” questionnaire, a short version of the J. Duckitt technique adapted by D.S. Grigorev, as well as a number of questions on socio-demographic data. The results obtained show that the attitude towards the death penalty is associated with the personality trait “Openness”, the political attitudes “Authoritarian aggression” and “Authoritarian submission” and the social belief “Belief in a dangerous world”, but is not associated with the traits of the dark tetrad Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy and Sadism. The mediation study showed that right-wing authoritarianism partially mediates the relationship between belief in a dangerous world and attitudes toward the death penalty.</p
Psychological Readiness of Pre-Trial Detention Center Officers to Use Lethal Force with Firearms
No full textThe article addresses the problem of psychological readiness of correctional security officers to use lethal force with firearms. The peculiarities of their operational and service activities related to the potential use of firearms are analysed, and the factors contributing to stress and having a negative impact on the personality of pre-trial detention center officers carrying out service with weapons are identified. The sample consisted of 25 employees from the security department, who perform their duties with firearms at the Federal Penitentiary Institution SIZO-1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Mari El. The research methods included a diagnostic block: the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire by R.B. Cattell (Form C), the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, and G. Schubert’s “Readiness for Risk” technique (RSK). The Psychometric Expert program was used to process the data. During the empirical research, which aimed to study the psychological readiness of these employees to use lethal force with firearms, a group of officers with low psychological readiness for using lethal force with firearms was identified. It was concluded that specialized psychological work is necessary for these individuals, aimed at developing and enhancing their psychological readiness.</p
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