56228 research outputs found
Sort by
La Educación centrada en la persona. Fundamentación antropológica de la educación desde la filosofía de Leonardo Polo
No full text-
Predictores de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes
No full textIntroducción: La prevalencia mundial de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA)
ha aumentado del 3,5 % a más del 7,8 % en los últimos años. Del 5,5% al 17,9% de
mujeres adolescentes y del 0,6% al 2,4% de hombres adolescentes han experimentado un
TCA. Además, tienen la segunda tasa de mortalidad más alta de entre todas las
enfermedades psiquiátricas. La causa exacta no se conoce del todo, pero se cree que una
combinación de factores genéticos, biológicos, conductuales, psicológicos y sociales
contribuyen a su desarrollo.
Objetivo: El principal objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es describir cuáles son los
predictores de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria en edad adolescente.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en Pubmed, Cinhal y Psychinfo en
octubre de 2023, aplicando los criterios de selección.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron diez artículos para realizar la revisión y los resultados se
agruparon en cuatro grupos temáticos: predictores psicológicos, emocionales, físicos y
sociales.
Conclusiones: Esta revisión destaca, por su prevalencia, la importancia de los TCA en
adolescentes, señalando predictores como la ansiedad y la insatisfacción corporal. La
enfermería juega un papel crucial mediante la prevención, la intervención temprana y la
atención personalizada, destacando la necesidad de continuar investigando para actualizar
y reevaluar los resultados.Introduction: The global prevalence of eating disorders has increased from 3.5% to over
7.8% in recent years. From 5.5% to 17.9% of female adolescents and from 0.6% to 2.4%
of male adolescents have experienced an Eating Disorder. Additionally, they have the
second highest mortality rate among all psychiatric disorders. The exact cause is not fully
understood, but it is believed that a combination of genetic, biological, behavioral,
psychological and social factors contributes to their development.
Objective: The main objective of this narrative review is to describe the predictors of
eating disorders in adolescents.
Methodology: A literature review was conducted on PubMed, Cinhal, and Psichinfo in
October 2023, applying selection criteria.
Results: Ten articles were selected for review and the results were grouped into four
thematic categories: psychological, emotional, physical, and social predictors.
Conclusions: This review highlights, due to their prevalence, the importance of eating
disorders in adolescents pointing out predictors such as anxiety and body dissatisfaction.
Nursing plays a crucial role through prevention, early intervention and personalized care,
emphasizing the need for ongoing research to update and reassess results
A decision support tool for enhancing community resilience: the case of Spain.
No full textDisasters are severe disruptions of community functions. Building a resilient community could
reduce the impacts of disasters, which requires the collaboration of community stakeholders.
Interactions among community stakeholders act as a buffer against disasters, can alleviate the
shock caused by disasters, and present a way to build community resilience. However, despite
the relevant benefits of these interactions, they are difficult to improve since stakeholders have
conflicting points of view and different priorities. These conflicts usually revolve around how to
improve resilience, how to manage the financial resources needed to implement these
improvements, and how to evaluate their efficacy. These conflicts add to the complexity of the
interactions between different stakeholders and make disaster-related decisions prone to
ineffectiveness and inefficiency. Decision support systems and tools have the potential to deal
with these conflicts by developing analytical models that map the various operations and include
all stakeholders. Several decision support tools have been proposed in the literature to improve
community resilience, but none focus on interactions among stakeholders. This study's objectives are two-fold. First, identify the areas of stakeholders’ interaction. Second,
build a decision support tool to guide decision-makers in prioritizing areas of interaction. The
proposed tool is based on two sets of criteria, first the interdependencies among the interaction
areas, and second the practical implementation side of the interaction areas considering
measures such as human and nonhuman resources, regulatory changes, and time of
implementation.
To achieve the first objective, we conducted a literature review to identify areas of interaction
among community stakeholders; resulting in identifying 27 factors that reflect the various
interaction areas. Then we followed a two-phase approach to build the decision support tool. In
both phases, we combined experts’ knowledge with quantitative modeling.
The first phase considered the interdependencies among the various areas. In this phase, we
utilized a Delphi study to capture the dependency among the different areas. Then to prioritize
the identified areas of interaction, we used network analysis techniques to understand the
propagating impacts of a change in one area on the others. This approach was applied to Spain,
utilizing data provided by Spanish resilience experts. Our findings indicate a high degree of
interdependence among all areas of interaction. Decentralization of the decision-making process
and effective leading capabilities of emergency organizations have been identified as top priority
areas.
Then we extended the tool to cover the second set of criteria, applying a feasibility-based
prioritization, assessing the practicality of interventions designed to improve the significant areas
of interactions identified in phase 1. We surveyed Spanish emergency experts to gather data on
the interaction areas and their evaluations against the decision-making criteria. We applied the
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to analyze data. The
results indicate that initiatives focusing on enhancing the leadership skills of emergency
managers emerge as the most feasible and impactful interventions in our case study. On the
other hand, initiatives for improving emergency response functionality, and disaster risk
management plans are less feasible to implement.
To ensure the reliability of our findings, we conducted a sensitivity analysis using various
methods. The analysis confirmed the proposed tool's stability under minor weight and criteria
adjustments. However, significant changes can influence rankings (especially for mid-ranked
alternatives), highlighting the significance of accounting for diverse criteria framings during data
collection and result interpretation.
Additionally, we evaluated the usability and practicality of the tool together with emergency
experts from different sectors. The tool received an overall positive evaluation from the experts,
highlighting the significance of human factors such as status quo bias and structuring human
judgment in decision-support tools while acknowledging potential resistance from users in
utilizing such tools due to lack of education and training.
The tool is designed to be utilized during the preparedness phase of the disaster life cycle,
functioning at a strategic level. It serves as an empowering resource for policymakers and
practitioners (emergency managers and city managers), providing a systematic approach to
prioritize context-specific interventions aimed at enhancing community resilience. By employing
this tool, decision-makers can proactively and effectively contribute to the development of
resilient communities, ensuring a strategic and well-informed foundation for disaster
preparedness efforts
Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy generates sustained improvement of glycemic control compared with sleeve gastrectomy in the diet-induced obese rat model
No full textBariatric surgery has become a recognized and effective procedure for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our objective was to directly compare the caloric intake-independent effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with SG (SADI-S) on glucose tolerance in rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to elucidate the differences between bariatric surgery and caloric restriction.A total of 120 adult male Wistar rats with DIO and insulin resistance were randomly assigned to surgical (sham operation, SG, and SADI-S) and dietary (pair-feeding the amount of food eaten by animals undergoing the SG or SADI-S surgeries) interventions. Body weight and food intake were weekly monitored, and 6 weeks after interventions, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests, plasma insulin, adiponectin, GIP, GLP-1, and ghrelin levels were determined.The body weight of SADI-S rats was significantly (p < 0.001) lower as compared to the sham-operated, SG, and pair-fed groups. Furthermore, SADI-S rats exhibited decreased whole body fat mass (p < 0.001), lower food efficiency rates (p < 0.001), and increased insulin sensitivity, as well as improved glucose and lipid metabolism compared to that of the SG and pair-fed rats.SADI-S was more effective than SG, or caloric restriction, in improving glycemic control and metabolic profile, with a higher remission of insulin resistance as well as long-term weight loss
Good tolerance to iobitridol in a patient with sialadenitis induced by iohexol and iopromide: a case report
No full textMock-ups fabrication by HRP technology with advanced W-alloy monoblocks for DEMO divertor target
No full textTungsten is the primary candidate armour material for the divertor target of the European demonstration fusion power plant. During operation at high temperature, pure tungsten is subject to fracture and recrystallization which results in a loss of strength and worsening of the thermal properties. Additionally, loss-of-coolant accidents with simultaneous air ingress can generate volatile and radioactive tungsten oxides. Advanced W-alloys were developed as alternative and upgrading armour materials of pure tungsten, such as potassium-doped tungsten laminates and self-passivating tungsten alloys. Three mock-ups were manufactured using potassium-doped tungsten laminates, W-10Cr-0.5Y and W-10Cr-0.5Y-0.5Zr as armour materials, each of them consisting of n degrees 4 blocks. The fabrication required optimization and upscaling of the ITER-like process which foresees oxygen-free high conductivity copper as interlayer joined to W-alloy armour block and CuCrZr ITER grade pipe welded to the Cu/W-alloy blocks by hot radial pressing. For quality control of the fabrication steps, non-destructive examination by ultrasonic testing was done on the monoblocks as received, after casting, after hot radial pressing and after high heat flux testing. The results demonstrated that these W-alloys can be used as armour materials of the European demonstration fusion power plant divertor target
Cyber dating abuse in adolescents: Myths of romantic love, sexting practices and bullying
No full textCyber dating abuse (CDA) is a growing problem with serious consequences for adolescents, hence the importance
of understanding its relationship to other variables for developing more effective prevention strategies. The
current study aimed first to analyze CDA, bullying, sexting and myths of romantic love depending on sex (girls vs
boys), country (Spain vs Latin American countries) and religiosity (high vs low). The second objective was to
investigate the explanatory factors of CDA, examining variables associated with bullying, sexting and myths of
romantic love, using structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample consisted of 3264 adolescents between 14
and 18 years old (52% girls; 32% Spanish; 68% Latin Americans). Findings showed that boys had more bullying
engagement, sexting, and assumption of myths of romantic love. The highly religious group presented less
sexting engagement. The results also revealed that CDA is associated with sexting and that myths of romantic
love have mediational effects. Prevention programs should include strategies to help adolescents use the Internet
safely and identify any type of abusive behavior both among peers and in a romantic relationship, taking into
account the peculiarities of virtual interactions
Diferencias entre el conocimiento fonológico y ortográfico del vocabulario entre estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera de L1 español
No full textThe vocabulary size of language learners might predict their success in a
second language because of its strong correlation with better performances in that target
language. Although previous research has claimed that aural and written vocabulary are two
aspects of vocabulary knowledge that need to be estimated separately, very few studies have
examined this issue, particularly from an empirical perspective. This paper presents the possible differences in size between the phonological and orthographic vocabulary among learners of English as a second language. A bilingual vocabulary test was delivered, first orally
and then in writing, to 209 language learners in Spain. The refined version of the instrument,
showed reliabilities ranging between .79 and .92. Statistical analyses confirm that language
learners know fewer words in their aural form than in their written form, regardless of the
frequency of the word or the learner’s language level. This finding supports the claim that
aural and written vocabulary are two separate aspects of knowing a word, and impacts on
how vocabulary should be taught in L2 classrooms.: El tamaño del vocabulario de los aprendices de una lengua puede predecir su
éxito en una segunda lengua por su fuerte correlación con mejores desempeños en esa lengua
meta. Aunque las investigaciones anteriores han sugerido que el vocabulario oral y escrito
son dos aspectos del conocimiento léxico que tienen que ser estimados separadamente, muy
pocos estudios han examinado esta cuestión, especialmente desde una perspectiva empírica.
Este artículo presenta las posibles diferencias de tamaño entre el vocabulario fonológico y
ortográfico en aprendices de inglés como segunda lengua. Una prueba bilingüe de vocabulario fue administrada, primero oralmente y luego por escrito, a 209 aprendices de lengua en
España. La versión refinada del instrumento mostró fiabilidades entre .79 y .92. Los análisis
estadísticos confirman que los aprendices de lengua conocen menos palabras en su forma
oral que en la escrita, independientemente de la frecuencia de la palabra o del nivel lingüístico del aprendiz. Este hallazgo corrobora la afirmación de que el vocabulario oral y escrito
son dos aspectos separados del conocimiento de una palabra, e impacta en la forma en que el
vocabulario debería enseñarse en las aulas de segunda lengua
Evaluation of Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara based locoregional immunotherapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis models
No full textThe peritoneum is a serous membrane of mesodermal origin that coats the abdominal wall
and forms a lining on most abdominal organs. It consists of a thin layer of mesothelial cells
over a basal lamina and is divided into the parietal peritoneum, which covers the abdominal
and pelvic walls and the visceral peritoneum which surrounds the visceral organs (stomach,
spleen, liver and some parts of the intestine) (1–3). The space found between the parietal and
visceral peritoneum is called the peritoneal cavity and, in physiological conditions, contains
between 50-100 mL of peritoneal fluid that serves as lubricant reducing friction among
intraperitoneal organs during peristalsis and is provided with nutrients, growth factors,
cytokines and chemokines as well as immune cells (1, 2). Thus, the peritoneum plays a
crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the peritoneal cavity mediating antigen
presentation, inflammatory responses, fibrosis and tissue repair (1)
Sabiduría y caridad: la contemplación de la Trinidad en Ricardo de San Víctor
No full textLos escritos de Ricardo de San Víctor ponen de relieve la indisoluble relación entre la teología de la contemplación y el misterio trinitario. Por medio de un análisis detallado de sus ideas en cinco de sus obras –Liber Exceptionum, Beniamin Minor, Beniamin Maior, De IV Gradibus Violentae Caritatis y De Trinitate–, esta investigación identifica la continuidad temática que hay entre ellas en torno a la sabiduría y la caridad, algo que ha quedado oscurecido por una excesiva categorización de sus escritos. Esta recuperación de un acercamiento integral a su teología permite apreciar toda su riqueza, capaz de introducir al lector en las profundidades de la creación y del alma humana para que descubra la belleza eterna que reside en ellas y así, desde lo visible, ser conducido hacia la contemplación de lo invisible.The writings of Richard of St. Victor highlight the indissoluble relationship between the theology of contemplation and the Trinitarian mystery. Through a detailed analysis of the ideas that he develops in five of his works –Liber Exceptionum, Beniamin Minor, Beniamin Maior, De IV Gradibus Violentae Caritatis and De Trinitate– this research identifies the thematic continuity between them around wisdom and charity, something that has been obscured by the classifications that have separated the unity of his writings into different categories. This recovery of an integral approach to his theology enables us to appreciate its richness, which can introduce the reader into the depths of creation and the human soul, revealing the eternal beauty that resides within them. This leads, from the visible, towards the contemplation of the invisible