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Comparing migrants’ and stayers’ happiness: Addressing incomplete information via a bounds analysis
No full textEfforts to identify the happiness consequences of international migration for the migrants themselves are hampered by severe data limitations. In principle, the effect of migration on the happiness of migrants can be evaluated via comparison between migrants and stayers; the stayers are used as the counterfactual for migrants (i.e. had they not migrated). But analysis in this mode must consider the selectivity of migration: migrants and stayers are different in ways that are consequential for their happiness. The difficulty is that gaining leverage over selection into migration requires the use of data about core aspects of migrants’ pre-migration lives. Available data on migrants mainly gives information on their ‘current’ (post-migration) situations; data on their pre-migration situations are typically absent. In this article, I address the incompleteness of information via a ‘bounds’ approach. The aim is to identify happiness consequences for migrants via a propensity-score weighting analysis. Key variables, relevant to migration propensity, are lacking in the data I use (the European Social Survey)—in particular, pre-migration health, relationship status, and frustration with income. To overcome these absences, I estimate results using randomly assigned values for migrants, oriented to defined scenarios that draw on what we know about migrant selectivity in general. I apply this approach to an analysis of Polish migrants living in Ireland, the UK, and Germany. In comparisons of migrants and stayers adjusted via propensity-score weighting, there is no support for the idea that migration has led to any change in migrants’ happiness (in contrast to earlier published findings).</p
Too stressed to be psychologically present at work? Employee job stress and psychological withdrawal behaviours in organisations
No full textAlthough previous studies have examined the effects of employee job stress on theirworkplace behaviours, the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions in thisrelationship remain largely elusive in Human Resource Development literature. Drawing onthe conservation of resources theory, this study examined the mediating role of self-efficacyand the moderating role of leader narcissism in the relationship between employee job stressand their psychological withdrawal behaviours. Using two-wave data from 358 Nigerianemployees from various organisations, we found that self-efficacy mediated the relationshipbetween job stress and psychological withdrawal behaviours. Our study also found that theindirect relationship between job stress and psychological withdrawal behaviours wasstronger when leader narcissism was high. We discuss the theoretical and practicalimplications of our study for human resources development practitioners.</p
Choice Flexibility and Long-Run Cooperation
No full textCooperation does not empirically scale when strangers confront indefinitely repeatedsocial dilemmas—despite its incentive-compatibility. Here, we investigate if an inter-vention can mitigate this problem: expanding the action set with partial cooperationchoices. Although standard theory predicts no effect, adding interior choices to arigid binary-choice game often boosted cooperation and efficiency in the labora-tory. Under some conditions, groups of strangers achieved outcomes close to thoseobserved in pairs of partners—where adding interior choices, instead, was inconse-quential. This suggests that choice rigidities can hinder long-run cooperation.</p
Which narcissists are more stressed? The link between narcissistic forms and stress experience in a five-day diary study during COVID-19
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between different forms of narcissism andstress, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a mixed-method diary design, 427 participantswere surveyed over five consecutive days to examine the associations between their stresslevels and stress experiences concerning agentic grandiose, communal grandiose,antagonistic, and vulnerable narcissism. The study employed both quantitative and qualitativeanalyses. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Quantitative findingsindicate that narcissism is weakly associated with stress, with stronger links for vulnerableand antagonistic narcissism and weaker associations for grandiose forms. Among all types,communal grandiose narcissism showed the weakest association with stress. Qualitativeanalyses revealed that narcissists displayed little concern for communal stressors, highlightingthe central role of antagonism in the narcissism-stress link. These findings contribute to thenarcissistic personality spectrum by demonstrating how different narcissistic traits shapestress perceptions, with implications for interventions targeting individuals high in narcissisticvulnerability and antagonism.</p
De Gruyter Handbook of Coopetition
No full textWhile plenty of research has been undertaken on coopetition – the practice of organisations (of different sizes) collaborating with their competitors in informal and/or formal capacities – the wider business community is still learning about how and why companies join forces with their competitors, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of these strategies.The De Gruyter Handbook of Coopetition is designed to showcase some novel studies about the ways that coopetition activities are managed by businesses (using a variety of contexts and research methods), the advantages of these strategies, and insights about what can go wrong when competing firms collaborate with one another. The contributors address certain under-researched issues, such as how coopetition operates in internationally oriented arenas (e.g., for exporters), the dark-side of coopetition strategies, measuring the coopetition construct in empirical research, methodological factors for investigating coopetition activities, and much more.This handbook will benefit academics, postgraduate researchers, students, and practitioners that are interested in the interplay between cooperation and competition.Explores the theme of co-opetition from various perspectives, including theoretical, methodological, historical, and temporal, which enhances its depth and applicability.Covers all of the essential topics related to co-opetition.</p
The Secret Lives of Digital Museum Resources and Collections: Pedagogical Practice and Interactions with the Smithsonian's Learning Lab
No full textDigital museum collections are a vast potential resource for teaching, and digital platforms are providing a range of tools to support their educational use. While these collections have been used in diverse ways to facilitate learning, their use has also been documented to present challenges. This research project investigates how digital platforms may enable both museum educators and school teachers to activate the pedagogical potential of digital museum objects in their practice, including how platform design and museum-based practices may be informed by awareness of educational practitioners’ perspectives and practice. This mixed-methods study explores this key question through an in-depth case study of museum educators’ and school teachers’ uses of the Smithsonian’s Learning Lab, a collections-based platform with unique capacities for customisation and re-use. The research adopts a range of methods to incorporate different perspectives on educational uses of the Learning Lab. This includes analysis of anonymised Learning Lab data (focusing on user adoptions of metadata and other platform features), a survey of educator-users, focus groups/interviews with Smithsonian staff, and in-depth qualitative research with school teachers (including the use of interviews and documentation).The research draws from a theoretical framework which conceptualises ‘Platform, Objects, Pedagogical Practice, and Learning’ as interrelated, and uses the concept of scaffolding as a lens through which to explore how digital platforms may support educators’ uses of digital museum objects in their practice. The thesis proposes types of scaffolds (conceived as potentially taking the form of digital tools and/or educator-designed resources and activities) which could aid the pedagogical use of digital museum objects. It demonstrates the significance of different facets of platform use in relation to educators’ uses of digital museum collections, including searching and filtering, identifying objects’ relevance to curricula, editing and customisation capacity, evaluation, and access to modelled strategies and professional development.</p
Intensity modifies the association between continuous bouts of physical activity and risk of mortality: A prospective UK Biobank cohort analysis
No full textBackgroundRecent evidence suggests continuous bouts of physical activity (PA) are associated with longevity. We hypothesized the risk of mortality would be lower when the most active minutes of the day were in a continuous bout.MethodsPA was assessed using accelerometery in UK Biobank participants. The intensity of the most active continuous (MXCONT) and accumulated (MX) X min of the day, and their ratio (MXRATIO = MXCONT/MX), were determined. MXRATIO indicates how the most active minutes of the day are accumulated, ranging from a single continuous bout through to sporadic accumulation spread across the day. Durations (X) considered ranged from 1 to 20 min. The outcome was mortality.ResultsIn total, 94,541 participants (56.5% female) were included. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 6.9 (6.3,7.4) years, 2649 (2.8%) deaths occurred. Intensity moderated the association between how the most active minutes of the day were accumulated and mortality risk, expressed relative to sporadically accumulated moderate PA. If the most active minutes were of moderate intensity, the risk of mortality was halved for continuous compared to sporadic accumulation, irrespective of duration; if the most active minutes were of vigorous intensity, a continuous bout was associated with the lowest risk for durations under 5 min (e.g., 3 min: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.27, [95%confidence interval {95%CI}: 0.21–0.34]), while sporadic accumulation was associated with the lowest risk for durations beyond 5 min (HR = 0.11,[95%CI: 0.08–0.15] for the most active 20 min).ConclusionOptimal PA patterns for reducing mortality differ by intensity and duration. For moderate-intensity PA, a lower mortality risk may be optimized by prioritizing continuous PA for up to 20 min. However, for vigorous-intensity PA, multiple short bouts (</p
An 8500‐Year Record of Lacustrine Activity and Changes in Archaeological Settlement Patterns in the Magdalena Lake Basin, Jalisco, Mexico
No full textThe Magdalena Lake Basin of Jalisco, Mexico, has a rich cultural history from the Early Formative to Protohistoric Periods (1500 BCE–1600 CE). We investigated the relationship between climate chronologies, lake‐level variations, and cultural changes before European contact. Chronostratigraphic reconstructions identified lake‐forming periods reflecting regional and local paleoclimate sequences and coincide with variations in site location, numbers, and size, derived from our regional archaeological survey. Populations increase during high lake levels and decrease during low lake levels. An Early Archaic lake (~6800–5060 BCE) gives way to lowered lake levels in the Middle (~4980–3790 BCE) to Late Archaic (~1800 BCE). Pollen evidence for agricultural clearing appears at the end of this low period. The highest lake level, 1367 masl, occurred during the Middle Formative, followed by Late Formative/Classic lakes between 1361 and 1364 masl. The Epiclassic Period (~600–1000 CE) experienced low lake levels, coincident with a pan‐Mesoamerican drought. Dated tephra layers (500–600 CE) several centimeters thick significantly impacted lake ecology and human populations. Tephra age and geochemical properties do not match the primary candidate at the nearby Ceboruco Volcano in the 10th century CE nor any other known eruption during this time period.</p
