Tomas Bata University in Zlín
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Tissue culture of walnut (Juglans spp.) and obviation of phenolic compounds: A review article
No full textThe term walnut covers about 20 species of trees (Juglans spp.) belonging to the Juglandaceae family. In the world, Iran is one of the biggest producers of Persian walnuts. In the north of Iran, there are remnants of wild populations of Persian walnuts in the Hyrcanian Forest. Mass production of plant materials and fast breeding can be possible today through tissue culture techniques. A bottleneck in this field is to produce several biologically active metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, as a limiting factor in walnut tissue culture. In walnut tissue cultivation, explant browning reduces growth at a lower rate and causes death. Most research on walnut tissue culture and the production of phenolic compounds include medium culture, plant growth regulators, and explant sources. In walnut explant, tissue browning can be reduced by methods such as pretreatment with ascorbic acid or citric acid, augmentation of ascorbic acid, melatonin, or citric acid, and prevention of phenolic compound oxidation by adding adsorbents such as activated charcoal or PVP to nutrient media, which connect to phenolic compounds and make them less toxic. Understanding the biochemical pathways of plant phenolic compounds and the key enzymes involved in these pathways can develop effective strategies to counteract their negative effects. After extensive research on the tissue culture of walnuts several decades ago, the production of this plant under in vitro culture was patented, and the growers of this plant complained about the production of phenolic substances in the culture environment and the loss of plants. These issues can be addressed, at least partly, if we analyze most references and compare the results. The present review article deals with the approaches used in in vitro walnut cultivation, the mechanism of action of phenolic compounds, and strategies effective in reducing tissue browning
Compression behavior of diamond cellular structure made of Inconel 718
Get PDFThe article aims to investigate compression behaviour of Diamond cellular structure at different cross-head speeds. The samples were made of Inconel 718 alloy by DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) technology and heat treated according to AMS 5664 procedure. The compression tests were performed according to ASTM E9 international standard at ambient temperature employing a servohydraulic testing machine Instron 8802 with a maximum capacity of 250 kN at three different cross-head speeds v = 1; 10 and 100 mm/min. The results showed that testing speed does not affect significantly the maximum force results, and that the Diamond structure of 20 % volume fraction exceeded the upper load limit of the testing machine, i.e. 250 kN, for all three testing speeds.Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky, (APVV-19-0550); Kultúrna a Edukacná Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR, KEGA, (005TUKE-4/2021, 032TUKE-4/2022
Two-degree-of-freedom feedback loop factorization controller for oscillating plant with uncertain time delay and astatism using structured singular value
No full textApplication of Robust Control Toolbox for Time Delay Systems implemented in the Matlab system to the oscillating plant with uncertain time delay and astatism using the D-K iteration and algebraic approach. The algebraic approach combines the structured singular value, algebraic theory and algorithm of global optimization solving remaining issues in structured singular value framework. The algorithm for global optimization can be alternated with direct search methods such as Nelder-Mead simplex method giving solutions for problems with one local extreme. As a global optimization method, Differential Migration is used proving to be reliable in solving this type of problems. The D-K iteration represents a standard method in the structured singular value theory. The results obtained from the D-K iteration are compared with the algebraic approach.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, (LO1303, MSMT-7778/2014
Does club convergence matter in health outcomes? Evidence from Indian states
Get PDFBackground: Population health is vital to a nation’s overall well-being and development. To achieve sustainable human development, a reduction in health inequalities and an increase in interstate convergence in health indicators is necessary. Evaluation of the convergence patterns can aid the government in monitoring the health progress across the Indian states. This study investigates the progressive changes in the convergence and divergence patterns in health status across major states of India from 1990 to 2018.
Methods: Sigma plots (σ), kernel density plots, and log t-test methods are used to test the convergence, divergence, and club convergence patterns in the health indicators at the state level.
Results: The result of the sigma convergence suggests that life expectancy at birth has converged across all states. After 2006, however, the infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, and total fertility rate experienced a divergence pattern. The study’s findings indicate that life expectancy at birth converges in the same direction across all states, falling into the same club (Club One). However, considerable cross-state variations and evidence of clubs’ convergence and divergence are observed in the domains of infant mortality rate, neonatal death rate, and total fertility rate. As suggested by the kernel density estimates, life expectancy at birth stratifies, polarizes, and becomes unimodal over time, although with a single stable state. A bimodal distribution was found for infant, neonatal, and total fertility rates.
Conclusions: Therefore, healthcare strategies must consider each club’s transition path while focusing on divergence states to reduce health variations and improve health outcomes for each group of individuals.Tomas Bata University in Zlin, TBU; Kumoh National Institute of Technology, KITThe authors are grateful to the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, and Tomas Bata University in Zlin. for their support and encouragement, which has helped to conduct this paper.; National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, and Tomas Bata University in Zli
What matters for corporate cash holdings board governance, financial constraints, or interactions?
Get PDFCorporate cash holdings have received increased attention from researchers and practitioners as cash management is a crucial task for executives. Holding too much cash can result in low returns and mismanagement by managers. Conversely, holding low cash reserves can lead to missed investment opportunities. The present study examines the relationship between board governance, financial constraints, and corporate cash holdings. The robust fixed-effects method is used in this study to analyze 860 A-listed firms in China from 2005 to 2020. An index is designed to measure board effectiveness, while financial constraints are measured using Z-score, the Kaplan and Zingales index, and the SA index. The major findings document that the financially less constrained firms hold more cash when there is an effective board governance. Furthermore, financially less constrained firms have more robust board governance to minimize the agency concerns of managers and shareholders. This research provides an inference for stockholders’ activism connected to the cash holdings of the financially constrained and less constrained companies. The findings offer useful policy implications for stakeholders to reform contemporary cash holding policies. Specifically, understanding the role of an effective governance system for financially less constrained firms would help minimize the potential agency conflict
Impact of COVID-19 on participation and barriers in nonformal adult education in the Czech Republic
Get PDFThe impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on nonformal adult education has become a frequently discussed issue in lifelong learning. Nonformal adult education is understood here as all organised adult learning outside formal education that usually does not result in official certification. Many scholars have considered the pandemic as the leading cause of both decreased participation in nonformal adult education and increased inequality among adults. Nevertheless, it has not yet been empirically established how profound this outcome has been for participation patterns, inequality and perceived barriers to involvement in nonformal adult education. Accordingly, this study explored how much the pandemic contributed to a decrease in overall participation, changes in participation patterns, as well as contributed to an increase in related inequalities in the Czech Republic. This article reports on results from a national representative survey in June 2020 (N = 1013) conducted between the first and second wave of the pandemic. Trends in participation in nonformal adult education along with barriers were mapped for the 12 months preceding the survey. To establish trends, we compared our results with data from the Adult Education Survey conducted in 2011 and 2016, respectively. Our analytical approach is primarily based on descriptive statistics and modelling factors influencing the involvement of adults in nonformal adult education. We found that overall participation in nonformal adult education decreased from June 2019 to June 2020 to its lowest recorded level. Furthermore, the results indicate that inequality based on educational attainment, as well as the perception of substantial institutional and situational barriers have significantly increased
What defines an incisional hernia as 'complex': results from a Delphi consensus endorsed by the European Hernia Society (EHS)
No full textThe authors acknowledge the contribution of patient representatives Elena Albanese (Patient representative, President of 'Diastasi Donna ODV', Italy), Jackie Bullock (Patient representative, Hernia patient support group EHS, UK), and David J. Cummings (Pat; (EHS, UK
Metodologia oceny skuteczności systemów alarmowych
No full textAlarm systems are one of the parts of protection and security systems. In combination with other elements, it provides security for selected assets and contributes to their protection against various risks. The article deals with the description of the development and, at the same time, current trends in evaluating the effectiveness of alarm systems to point out the connection between methods and software tools.Tomas Bata University in Zlin - Faculty of Applied Informatics [IGA/FAI/2023/003
Hemp-derived CBD used in food and food supplements
Get PDFCannabis sativa L., a plant historically utilized for textile fibers, oil, and animal feed, is progressively being recognized as a potential food source. This review elucidates the nutritional and functional attributes of hemp and cannabidiol (CBD) within the context of food science. Hemp is characterized by the presence of approximately 545 secondary metabolites, among which around 144 are bioactive cannabinoids of primary importance. The study looks in detail at the nutritional components of cannabis and the potential health benefits of CBD, encompassing anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic effects. The review deals with the legislation and potential applications of hemp in the food industry and with the future directions of cannabis applications as well. The paper emphasizes the need for more scientific investigation to validate the safety and efficacy of hemp components in food products, as current research suggests that CBD may have great benefits for a wide range of consumers.Tomas Bata University in Zlín, TBU, (IGA/FT/2023/007
Do the grey clouds of geopolitical risk and political globalization exacerbate environmental degradation? Evidence from resource-rich countries
No full textGeopolitical risk is a potential impact of economic, political, social, and environmental aspects on the stability and security of a country or region. This risk can range from minor disruptions to major conflicts that can significantly affect the global economy and may affect countries in various ways, including disruptions to supply chains, demographic shifts, cultural differences, social and climate change, natural disasters, and resource depletion. This study examines the impact of geopolitical risk, political globalization and military expenses on environmental deterioration concerning natural resource abundance in countries from 1985 to 2020. The results based on Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributive Lag (PMG-ARDL) econometric estimation indicate a direct effect of geopolitical risk and military expenses on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) emissions in the long-as well as the short-run, whilst political globalization and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) preserve ecological quality. These findings, confirmed by panel estimations including fully modified ordinary least squares (FM-OLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (D-OLS), indicate that good governance in a country mitigates the geopolitical risk that can protect the environment quality. The study's findings propose various policy suggestions to save the ecological quality in natural resource abundance countries