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INTER-SET OCCLUSION REDUCES VOLUME AND INCREASES FATIGUE WITHOUT AFFECTING ACUTE RECOVERY
No full textPURPOSE: To examine the effect of inter-set occluded rest on the recovery of force production following repeated fatiguing dynamic exercise. METHODS: 6 males and 5 females (22 ± 1yr) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 3 sets of single-limb leg extension at 60% 1RM, with un-occluded (CON) or occluded (OCC) 1-min rest between sets, on 3 separate days. Nine repetitions were completed in set 1, and sets 2 and 3 were completed to failure. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) were performed immediately before and after each rest period. Rest after set 3 was un-occluded for CON and OCC. A 2 (CON, OCC) x 3 (set 1 rest, set 2 rest, set 3 rest) repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the %Δ MVIC from the beginning to end of inter-set rest. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine repetitions completed (sets 2 and 3) and 1-min MVIC (%max) recovery following set 3 between OCC and CON. \u3c 0.05. RESULTS: Less repetitions were completed for OCC than CON in sets 2 (OCC: 1 ± 1, CON: 6 ± 2, p \u3c 0.001) and 3 (OCC: 0 ± 0, CON: 2 ± 1, p \u3c 0.001). There was less recovery with OCC than CON after set 1 rest (OCC: -11.5 ± 8.8%, CON: 4.2 ± 6.7%, p \u3c 0.001) and set 2 rest (OCC: -13.7 ± 10.3%, CON: 3.6 ± 8.5%, p \u3c 0.001). Following un-occluded set 3 rest, OCC (10.7 ± 8.9%) demonstrated greater recovery than CON (5 ± 6.8%, p = 0.019). However, MVIC did not differ between OCC (64.3 ± 9.5%) and CON (68.9 ± 6.6%) at 1-min post-exercise (p = 0.165). CONCLUSION: As demonstrated by reduced MVIC recovery, inter-set OCC exacerbated the influence of exercise-induced fatigue, even when less repetitions were performed in each set compared to CON. Despite experiencing additional fatigue from OCC rest, MVIC for the OCC condition reached a similar level as CON within 1-min of un-OCC rest. This suggests inter-set OCC increases the fatigue stimulus, likely through metabolite accumulation, and does not impede acute post-exercise recovery
April 24, 2025 NAGPRA and Tribal Relations Committee Meeting Minutes
No full textApril 24, 2025 minutes for the WKU NAGPRA and Tribal Relations Committee meeting. Meeting conducted via Zoom
IMPACT OF AGING ON DIAPHRAGM THICKNESS AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION: COMPARISON WITH PERIPHERAL SKELETAL MUSCLE
No full textAging is associated with a general loss of muscle size and strength, termed sarcopenia. However, less understood is the impact of advancing age specific to the size and structure of the diaphragm, the primary muscle regulating breathing. PURPOSE: Determine the impact of aging on the size and function of the diaphragm and identify how any impact compares to that of peripheral skeletal muscle. METHODS: Nine young (4M, 5F; 22±1yr) and seven older (3M, 4F; 69±4yr) healthy individuals volunteered for this study. While lying supine, ultrasound images of the right hemidiaphragm were obtained to determine diaphragm thickness (end expiration, maximal inspiration). Images of the thigh were obtained to determine thickness of the vastus lateralis. Inspiratory muscle strength was evaluated using maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and thigh muscle strength was assessed using peak isometric force. RESULTS: Vastus lateralis thickness was 35% lower in older (1.68±0.34cm) compared to younger adults (2.58±0.60cm) (P\u3c0.05), and peak isometric force during leg extension was 39% lower in older (119±20Nm) compared to younger adults (196±59Nm) (P\u3c0.05). Diaphragm thickness after exhalation was not statistically different (P\u3e0.05) between older (0.181±0.057cm) and younger adults (0.176±0.033cm), nor was maximal inspiratory diaphragm thickness (older = 0.316±0.100; younger = 0.361±0.088cm) (P\u3e0.05). However, MIP tended (P=0.1) to be lower in older (78±35cmH2O) compared to younger adults (100±20cmH2O). CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that age-related changes to the structure and function of the diaphragm may differ from those in peripheral skeletal muscle. It is interesting to speculate about a potential role for exercise in preserving diaphragm size and function during aging as the older adults in the current study were considered to be relatively active
ACUTE HEAT EXPOSURE LOWERS POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE & GLYCEMIC VARIABILITY OF HEALTHY MALE & FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS
No full textElevated postprandial glucose (PPG) is a robust measure of glycemic control and cardiometabolic health risk. While physical activity has been shown to reduce PPG, little is known about the effects of whole-body heat. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of heat and immediate postprandial walking on PPG in high-heat conditions in healthy individuals. METHODS: Eleven healthy non-obese (24.3 ± 3.7 BMI) adults (age 20-22, 7 females and 4 males) were fitted with continuous glucose monitors (CGMs, Abbott Freestyle Libre Pro) to measure interstitial glucose every 15 minutes. Following consumption of a standardized breakfast meal (547 kcal: 25% FAT, 10% PRO and 65% CHO, GI 74), participants randomly completed three trials in 25% humidity: (1) Temp-SED: seated sedentary for 90 mins at 20˚C, (2) Heat-SED: seated sedentary for 90 mins at 40˚C and (3) Heat-PA: walking on a treadmill (2.5-3 mph) for 20 mins, followed by seated recovery for 70 mins at 40˚C (Heat-PA). RESULTS: PPG area under the curve (AUC) was 13.7% lower in Heat-SED (8923 ± 1308 mg/dL/min, p=0.009, d=0.97) and 12.6% lower in Heat-PA (9017 ± 1516 mg/dL/min, p=0.04, d=0.71) compared to Temp-SED (10231 ± 1111 mg/dL/min). Mean absolute glucose (MAG) was 56.5% lower in Heat-PA (1.8 ± 0.9 mM) than Temp-SED (3.2 ± 1.2 mM, p = 0.017, d=0.87) and 45.3% lower in Heat-PA than Heat-SED (2.9 ± 1.0 mM, p=0.014, d=0.89). Coefficient of variation (CV), a measure of glycemic variability, was 40.6% lower in Heat-PA than Temp-SED (p = 0.041, d=0.7), and 28.8% lower than Heat-SED (p=0.02, d=1.1). CONCLUSIONS: A single bout of whole-body heat exposure (40˚C) effectively improved glycemic control via reduced PPG and glycemic variability in normoglycemic young adults. Our findings suggest that acute heat therapy could serve as an alternative modality to improve glucose control in mobility-limited individuals and the 75% of U.S. adults who do not meet physical activity guidelines. Future research is warranted to explore the efficacy of heat therapy in populations with impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic disorders, where the therapeutic benefits may be even more pronounced
SLEEP QUALITY AND CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN OUTPATIENT CARDIAC REHABILITATION
No full textPURPOSE: Impaired sleep is common among people with cardiovascular disease and has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes, yet its relationship with functional capacity during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains understudied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether sleep quality predicted cardiopulmonary functional capacity in patients attending outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR). METHODS: One hundred patients (67.3 ± 9.8 years, 68% male) participating in OCR following a recent cardiac event or diagnosis completed the study. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) near OCR admission, with poor sleepers defined by a PSQI score \u3e5. Cardiopulmonary functional capacity was determined by the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), administered near OCR admission and again near OCR discharge (mean 11 weeks). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses were conducted with SPSS v29.RESULTS: The mean (± SD) total PSQI score was 8.81 (± 4.57), and 68% of the sample were categorized as poor sleepers. Patients categorized as poor sleepers trended towards lower 6MWT scores (327.00 ± 100.48 meters) than those categorized as good sleepers (366.26 ± 84.14 meters; p=0.059) at OCR admission, but not at discharge (p=0.55). Additionally, total PSQI scores predicted 6MWT performance at OCR admission (R2=0.07, B=-18.61, p=0.007), but not at discharge (p=0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep was highly prevalent and associated with lower cardiopulmonary functional capacity at OCR admission. This association diminished at OCR discharge. While sleep quality predicted admission 6MWT scores, the proportion of variance explained by the independent variable was small (7%). It should be noted that several predictors of functional capacity were not examined, and the large majority of variance is unaccounted for. Future research should address limitations of this work, evaluate and intervene on sleep health in CR, and identify key factors to accelerate and enhance functional outcomes after a cardiac event
TO PLAY OR NOT TO PLAY: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF AUDITORY STIMULI DURING RUNNING
No full textResearch has shown that listening to music during physical activity can have a positive effect on emotional state, ratings of perceived exertion, and overall performance. However, limited research has investigated the differences between tempo-matched music and metronome pacing on running performance. Many runners utilize metronome pacing to pace a run, improve efficiency, and enhance form. To date, research on the efficacy of metronome pacing compared to music on one mile run time to completion is limited. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of different auditory stimuli (e.g., music, metronome, and silence) on one mile run time in young adults. METHODS: Young adults (n = 11; 21.3 ± 4.1 y) who were free from any previous or existing hearing impairments volunteered for the study. Participants ran one mile under each of the three conditions (music, metronome pacing, and silence), in a randomized and counterbalanced order, and separated by at least 48 hours. The music and metronome-pacing conditions were tempo-matched at 150 bpm. Time to completion was recorded for the one mile run and is reported as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha level set at 0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in time to completion for one mile across the three conditions (p = .008; h2 = .38). Time to completion was shorter with music (8.89 ± 1.36 minutes) than silence (9.29 ± 1.41 minutes; p = .002). However, there was no difference between music and metronome pacing (9.15 ± 1.65 minutes; p = .13) or between metronome pacing and silence (p \u3e .99). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that running while listening to music at 150 bpm results in shorter time to completion compared to tempo-matched metronome pacing and silence. This suggests that factors other than the tempo may contribute to performance improvements. The current study was limited to young, healthy adults, limiting the generalizability to other groups such as older adults and runners aiming to rehabilitate gait patterns. Therefore, future research should investigate whether music or tempo-matched metronome pacing is superior for improving efficiency and enhancing form
THE INFLUENCE OF ANKLE TORQUE PRODUCTION ON THE TIMED UP & GO IN PEOPLE WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE
No full textParkinson\u27s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms including bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, impair gait and balance; whereas non-motor symptoms include impaired short-term memory and planning. Improved understanding of the influence of PD on movement function is crucial for management strategies and physical therapy treatments. PURPOSE: To determine the association between the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and ankle torque production in people with Parkinson\u27s disease and similarly-aged unimpaired adults. METHODS: 15 participants: 7 people with mild-to-moderate PD (5M, 2F) and 8 unimpaired older adults (6M, 2F) wore a seven-inertial sensor system to track lower extremity movement during TUG tasks. Each participant completed three trials of the TUG, with the fastest attempt used for analysis. Ankle torque was collected with an isokinetic dynamometer at two speeds (60°/s and 120°/s), with 10 repetitions per test. Pearson’s product coefficients were calculated to assess associations between the TUG and torque production. Independent t-tests were conducted to determine differences between groups (p\u3c0.05). RESULTS: No differences were found between the PD and unimpaired groups regarding age or time to complete the TUG (PD: 9.99±3.52s, OA: 7.67±1.12s, p=0.124). As part of the TUG, unimpaired older adults demonstrated faster time to complete the turn (OA: 1.57±0.25s, PD: 2.09±0.52s, p=0.036). A negative correlation was found between peak torque (PT) and TUG time for both groups (PD: r=-0.778, OA: r=-0.764 (p\u3c0.05). There was no difference in turn velocity between groups. CONCLUSION: People with PD and unimpaired older adults suggest people with PD on anti-PD medication perform similarly to OA. Peak plantarflexor torque was positively associated with TUG performance for all participants, indicating greater torque production correlates with faster TUG times. It may be beneficial for people with more severe PD motor symptoms to prioritize strength at the ankle to maintain movement function. Further studies are warranted to explore muscle activation patterns at the ankle and the importance of coordination in movement function in people with PD
