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MEASUREING HRMAX AND VO2PEAK WITH AN ON-WATER OUTRIGGER CANOEING TEST PROTOCOL: AN ACCESSMETS PROJECT
No full textOur research group recently developed an on-water test protocol that mimicked a discontinuous graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion for the purpose of measuring both submaximal (i.e., METs) and maximal outcomes (i.e., maximal heart rate, HRMAX; peak oxygen consumption, VO2PEAK). Use of this on-water test protocol to measure maximal outcomes, however, was considered exploratory since no such protocol has ever been validated in the research literature. PURPOSE: To evaluate whether peak HR and VO2 values recorded during an on-water paddling GXT could be considered true maximal outcomes representing HRMAX and VO2PEAK, respectively. METHODS: 37 adults (23 women, 14 men) were recruited to paddle in a 6-person outrigger canoe test session on the ocean while both HR and VO2 were measured using a validated portable indirect calorimeter (without CO2 measures). Tests included a paddling warm-up, 3 submaximal paddling stages at “light”, “moderate”, and “hard” intensities (5-mins each). Next were two 2-min stages at maximal paddling intensity, where all stages were separated by 2-mins of passive rest. HRMAX and VO2PEAK were both defined as the highest values observed over 5-sec averaging intervals during both 2-min maximal intensity stages. Two criteria were applied to peak values: 1) A peak HR within 10 BPM of age-predicted HRMAX (i.e., ≥APMHR-10); 2) A peak VO2 being ≥2.5 ml/kg/min higher than that for the previous stage value. HRMAX was achieved if the first criteria was satisfied, while VO2PEAK was achieved if both criteria were satisfied. All data were summarized descriptively. RESULTS: Of 35 paddlers with complete HR and VO2 data, 22 (63%; 10 women, 12 men; (Mean±SD) 179±12 BPM, 38.8±7.9 ml/kg/min for HRMAX and VO2PEAK, respectively) satisfied both HRMAX and VO2PEAK criteria, while 13 (37%; 13 women, 2 men; 151±15 BPM, 40.3±10.5 ml/kg/min) satisfied neither criteria. CONCLUSION: While most paddlers (63%) satisfied criteria for both HRMAX and VO2PEAK, the remaining paddlers all had much lower peak HR values than expected (relative to APMHR). While the cause of this observation is not immediately apparent, a future study should directly compare lab-based and on-water paddling GXT outcomes to better understand the validity of an on-water GXT protocol
EXPLORING THE COGNITIVE BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN A NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
No full textResearch has shown that acute physical activity results in small-to-moderate improvements in cognitive function. Specifically, acute exercise seems to benefit higher-order cognitive functions, such as executive function, which has been reported to play a critical role in numerous aspects of life including physical and mental health. Recent research on the acute physical activity and executive function relationship has started to assess moderators, such as the setting or environmental context of the physical activity, to determine whether laboratory-based findings generalize to more naturalistic environments. PURPOSE: This study assessed the moderating effects of environment on executive function by comparing the effects of a single, 15-min bout of light physical activity on executive function performed indoors and outdoors. METHODS: Using a within-subjects crossover posttest design, 28 individuals (57% female; age range=18-32 years) completed two study visits in a counterbalanced order: a 15-min bout of walking indoors and a 15-min bout of walking outdoors. Following each bout, executive function was measured during a modified go/no-go experimental paradigm while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Executive function was assessed using behavioral performance (response accuracy and reaction time [RT]) and the P3 event-related potential (ERP) indicators. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to test differences in these measures by condition. RESULTS: There were no effects of condition on task performance (i.e., response accuracy or RT; ps \u3e .405). For the P3 ERP, there was a condition main effect, F(1, 27) = 4.67, p = .040, partial-η2 = .15, such that there was an increased P3 amplitude following the outdoor compared to indoor walk. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that while a brief bout of light physical activity does not differentially impact behavioral measures of executive function based on environmental context, walking outdoors may enhance neural markers of executive function processing, as indicated by an increased P3 amplitude. This effect may reflect greater attentional resource allocation following outdoor physical activity. Future work should determine the time-course of these effects and whether they vary by intensity, duration, or population
BILATERAL DIFFERENCES IN SHOULDER ROTATION WITH UNILATERAL STATICS STRETCHING DUE TO CROSS-EDUCATION
No full textResearch has shown that unilateral resistance training can lead to strength increases in the untrained contralateral limb due to cross education. However, less is known about the effects of cross education with unilateral stretching to increase range of motion, which may have implications for sport performance and injury rehabilitation. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of unilateral static stretching on contralateral shoulder external rotation in resistance trained males. METHODS: Resistance-trained, young adult males (n = 15; 18 - 25 y) completed a 7-day unilateral static stretching intervention of the right shoulder. Stretching was conducted for 5-10 minutes, twice daily. Shoulder external rotation was measured at baseline and following the intervention using a manual goniometer and an average of three measures were taken for the right (trained) and left shoulder (untrained). Data were analyzed using a 2 (shoulder) x 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni comparisons and an alpha level set at 0.05. Data are presented as mean ± SD. RESULTS: There was a significant main effect of time on shoulder external rotation (p = .008; η2 = .41) with increases from pre (91.8 ± 7.6°) to post (95.3 ± 6.6°). However, there was no difference between the trained (94.1 ± 6.8°) and untrained shoulder (93.0 ± 7.0°; p = .15; η2 = .14). Finally, there was no interaction between shoulder side and time on external rotation (p = .61; η2 = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that shoulder external rotation increased with a static stretching intervention in both the trained and untrained shoulder. This suggests that cross education may play a role in improving contralateral shoulder external rotation following a static stretching intervention. However, the findings of this study are limited to investigating the effects on shoulder external rotation in resistance trained males, impacting the generalizability of our findings. Future research would be beneficial to determine the effects of cross education on range of motion across major joints for injury rehabilitation and in more diverse groups
Comparison of Cisgender and Transgender Individuals’ Aerobic Fitness and Associated Parameters
No full textRetrospective Analysis of the Relationship Between Antioxidant Consumption and Arterial Stiffness in Law Enforcement Officers
No full textQuality and Duration of Sleep and Sports Performance in Acrobatics and Tumbling Athletes
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