Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece
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Beyond Instrumentalization: Far-Right Women’s Appropriation of Feminism in France
No full textFemonationalism, or the selective use of feminist discourses to advance far right causes, has often been analyzed through the lens of party politics. Shifting the focus to grassroot activists, this article studies a group of far-right female activists in France organized as a women-only collective of “identitarian feminists” to explore how these grassroot activists articulate anti-feminist frames while also appropriating selective aspects of feminism. The study relies on three types of empirical data: a long-term digital observation of the collective, a critical analysis of documents, and ten semi-structured interviews. These data reveal that these activists diverge from traditional antifeminism and instead reflect a femonationalist appropriation of feminism. This appropriation can be seen in three interconnected frames used by the collective in the fight against street harassment: an opposition to intersectional feminism, the use of postfeminist frames, and the racialization of sexism
The seven enigmas of SARS-CoV-2: from the past to the future
No full textFive years ago, we launched the COVID Human Genetic Effort. Our goal was to explain the clinical variability among SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals by searching for monogenic inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and their phenocopies. We deciphered the pathogenesis of critical COVID-19 pneumonia and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in ~15% and 2% of cases, respectively, thereby revealing general mechanisms of severe disease. We also defined neuro-COVID-19 genetically and immunologically in one child, while we delineated the immunological mechanisms of COVID-toes in healthy children and young adults, paving the way for their genetic study. Understanding the human genetic and immunological basis of resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID, and myocarditis post mRNA vaccination, has been challenging and investigations remain ongoing. This work highlights the power of patient-based basic research and large-scale international collaborative efforts to discover human genetic and immunological drivers of infectious disease phenotypes, with implications for the timely development of new medical strategies before the next pandemic arrives
Assessment of neuronal and glial serum biomarkers in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: the MULTIMOGAD study
No full textSerum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) have emerged as important biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD). However, their interest in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) remains unclear. Our aim was to characterise sNfL and sGFAP profile and analyse their usefulness in predicting relapses and disability in MOGAD.
Retrospective study of adult MOGAD patients with serum samples collected at baseline (≤3 months from disease onset) and follow-up (>6 months from baseline sample). sNfL and sGFAP were analysed using Simoa HD-1, and values were compared across time-points. The association between biomarkers and clinical variables and their predictive value for disability and relapses were analysed.
Eighty-nine MOGAD patients were included. Baseline sNfL and sGFAP values were high at baseline and decreased over time (p<0.001, p=0.027, respectively). sNfL and sGFAP values were associated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at attacks (β 0.15 (0.06; 0.25), p=0.002; β 0.14 (0.07; 0.21), p<0.001, respectively) and were lower in optic neuritis presentations (β -0.69 (-1.18; -0.19), p=0.007; β -0.42 (-0.76; -0.08), p=0.016). Biomarker deltas[Δ] (baseline values - second samples values) were associated with ΔEDSS (initial EDSS - final EDSS) (ΔsNfL β 0.52 (0.01; 1.04), p=0.046; ΔsGFAP β 1.07 (0.38; 1.75), p=0.003). Finally, sNfL values independently predicted the risk of relapses (HR 2.06 (1.41; 3.01), p<0.001).
Our results on sNfL and sGFAP suggest initial neuro-axonal and astrocytic damage in MOGAD and the utility of these biomarkers at onset and follow-up in predicting clinical recovery and relapses.
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group
Phage-encoded TelN inhibits bacterial Mre11-Rad50 nuclease to protect hairpin telomeres
No full textEnds of linear chromosomes require protection from host repair machinery that otherwise will mistake them for damaged DNA. The E. coli bacteriophage N15 harbors a linear genome with covalently closed hairpin ends formed by the phage-encoded telomere resolvase TelN. The double-strand break repair complex Mre11-Rad50 (MR, SbcCD in E. coli) specifically targets DNA termini, yet how hairpin telomeres evade host nuclease degradation in bacteria remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TelN is essential and sufficient to protect N15 phage-derived hairpin telomeres from MR processing in E. coli. Using a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches, we show that this protective function requires both TelN sequence-specific DNA binding and species-specific protein-protein interactions. Notably, we found that protection is independent of TelN's resolution activity and does not require the C-terminal domains of TelN. Our findings reveal a potentially broad mechanism of telomere protection, providing insights into a conserved regulation of MR activity at chromosome ends across the tree of life.
© 2025. The Author(s)
Advancing transdisciplinary research on Madagascar's grassy biomes to support resilience in ecosystems and livelihoods
No full textGrassy biomes (savanna and grasslands) are globally extensive and host a unique biodiversity that is of central importance to human livelihoods. We focus here on the island of Madagascar—a microcosm of the global tropics, covered in 80% grassy biomes—to illustrate how transdisciplinary approaches to research can clarify ecosystem dynamics, from evolutionary history to human land use. Research on Madagascar's human-environment interactions has sparked debates about the role of past and current land use in shaping grassy biomes (e.g., pastoralism, cultivation, fire use). These debates echo those in other regions globally, and highlight obstacles to understanding and supporting both ecosystem and livelihood resilience. Like many tropical biodiversity hotspots, Madagascar faces converging challenges that can be aided by transdisciplinary research, including food and health insecurity, economic inequities, biodiversity loss, climate change, land conversion, and limited resource access. We present a framework to guide transdisciplinary research centered on improved understanding and management of grassy biomes on Madagascar by: (1) establishing a globally common terminology; (2) summarizing data contributions and scientific knowledge gaps relating to Madagascar's grassy biomes; (3) identifying priority research questions for Madagascar with applicability in other regions; and (4) highlighting transdisciplinary, inclusive approaches to research that can co-benefit people and the ecosystems with which they interact.
Les biomes herbeux (savanes et prairies) sont répandus dans le monde entier et abritent une biodiversité unique qui est d'une importance capitale pour les moyens de subsistance de l'homme. Nous nous concentrons ici sur l'île de Madagascar - un microcosme des tropiques mondiaux, couvert à 80 % de biomes herbeux - pour illustrer comment les approches transdisciplinaires de la recherche peuvent clarifier la dynamique des écosystèmes, depuis l'histoire de l'évolution jusqu'à l'utilisation des terres par l'homme. La recherche sur les interactions entre l'homme et l'environnement à Madagascar a suscité des débats sur le rôle de l'utilisation passée et actuelle des terres dans la formation des biomes herbeux (pastoralisme, culture, utilisation du feu). Ces débats font écho à ceux qui ont lieu dans d'autres régions du monde et mettent en évidence les obstacles à la compréhension et au soutien de la résilience des écosystèmes et des moyens de subsistance. Comme de nombreux points chauds de la biodiversité tropicale, Madagascar fait face à des défis convergents qui peuvent être aidés par la recherche transdisciplinaire, y compris l'insécurité alimentaire et sanitaire, les inégalités économiques, la perte de biodiversité, le changement climatique, la conversion des terres et l'accès limité aux ressources. Nous présentons un cadre pour guider la recherche transdisciplinaire centrée sur l'amélioration de la compréhension et de la gestion des biomes herbeux à Madagascar en : (1) en établissant une terminologie commune au niveau mondial ; (2) en résumant les apports de données et les lacunes dans les connaissances scientifiques relatives aux biomes herbeux de Madagascar ; (3) en identifiant les questions de recherche prioritaires pour Madagascar avec une applicabilité dans d'autres régions ; et (4) en soulignant les approches transdisciplinaires et inclusives de la recherche qui peuvent être bénéfiques à la fois pour les populations et pour l'environnement
Deriving pleasure from other people's pain: The influence of vicarious pain on viewing intentions for violent sports
No full textClassification and Estimation of Dietary Live Microorganisms and Fermented Foods Intake in Swiss Adults
No full textDietary live microorganisms and fermented foods may benefit human health by modulating gut microbiota composition and function. However, their classification and intake are not well-defined in population-based studies assessing whole diets.The objectives of this study were to classify and quantify the intake of foods with live microorganisms and fermented foods among Swiss adults.We analyzed data from 2086 adults aged 18-75 y in the cross-sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (2014-2015). Food items were classified by live microorganism levels (low, 107 CFU/g) and fermented food descriptors, including fermented ingredients and core microbiota. Intake of these foods was determined at the population level by demographic subgroups, food categories, and nutrient contributions.Mean intake of medium or high live microorganism foods (MedHi) was 269.3 g/d (8.0% of total food intake), primarily from fruit, vegetables, and fermented dairy products. MedHi foods contributed 12.3% of daily energy intake and >20% of daily intake of several nutrients, including β-carotene, vitamins A, C, B12, folate, calcium, and saturated fat. Fermented foods accounted for 717.1 g/d (21.0% of total food intake), mainly from coffee, bread products, alcoholic beverages, and fermented dairy, contributing 27.0% of daily energy and >30% of daily calcium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc, vitamins A and B12, starch, and saturated fat. Significant differences in MedHi food intake were observed between sexes and age groups but not linguistic regions, whereas fermented food intake varied across all population subgroups. We identified 186 microorganisms across 6 taxonomic levels in fermented foods.This study provides a comprehensive classification of live microorganism levels and fermented foods, highlighting their intake and nutrient contribution to the Swiss diet. These results set the stage for future research linking the dietary intake of these foods to health outcomes in population studies.Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
L’IMAGINAIRE DU NUMÉRIQUE À L’AUBE DU XXIe SIÈCLE : CYBERHELVETIA.CH. Un pavillon de l’exposition nationale Expo.02.
No full textAntibiorésistance en zones de conflits : une problématique négligée [Antibiotic resistance in conflict areas, a neglected issue]
No full textArmed conflicts generate a specific microbiology linked to a toxic ecosystem, of which bacteria are the markers. This phenomenon is not sufficiently recognized or taken into account. In the geopolitical context of wars, a combination of factors creates a favorable environment in which antibiotic resistance explodes: collapse of health systems, over-the-counter sale of antibiotics, drug smuggling, nature of the weapons used, type of trauma. In addition, there are supply difficulties, failure of states, The type of injuries, treated in suboptimal conditions and in environments contaminated by heavy metals from bombs, also contributes to the phenomenon. A better understanding of the phenomenon is imperative in a world where populations exposed to conflicts are increasingly numerous