Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece
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Self-Study-Based Informed Decision-Making Tool for Empowerment of Treatment Adherence Among Chronic Heart Failure Patients-A Pilot Study.
No full textBackground: Adherence to drug prescriptions is often suboptimal among heart failure (HF) patients. Informed decision-making may improve patients' adherence to HF drug prescriptions. Aims of the study: We aimed to test whether a self-study-based informed decision-making tool could improve adherence to drug prescriptions among ambulatory HF patients. Methods: A tool and a statement-based questionnaire were developed to evaluate drug adherence willingness based on COMPAR-EU recommendations. The test group (n = 40) was exposed to the tool + questionnaire; controls (n = 40) answered the questionnaire only. Agreement with statements of the questionnaire was graded on a scale of 0 to 4 points, reflecting no to full agreement. Results: The median age of controls was younger (56 vs. 61 years; p = 0.04); test and control group patients did not differ across other parameters (always p > 0.05). Patients in both groups agreed that "HF is a life-long disease" (3.5 vs. 4; p = 0.19) and that "only life-long drug treatment provides benefit" (4 vs. 4; p = 0.22). More test group patients confirmed improved comprehension of HF disease (3 vs. 2; p = 0.03) and greater acceptance that "achievement of benefit asks for a combination of HF drugs" (4 vs. 3; p = 0.009) and "daily intake" (4 vs. 3; p = 0.004). In test group patients, questions remained, resulting in less agreement that "all aspects of my heart disease" are understood (1 vs. 3; p < 0.001). Willingness to adhere to HF-drug treatment was not different between the groups (3 vs. 3.5; p = 0.28). Conclusions: The self-study-based informed decision-making tool improved the comprehension of HF and the need for HF treatment, but did not improve willingness to adhere since questions remained unanswered
Hémodialyse à domicile : une option à redécouvrir [Home hemodialysis: an option to rediscover]
No full textHemodialysis started in the United States in the 1960s, followed by the rapid development of home hemodialysis in the 1970s. Currently, 89.1% of patients in Switzerland receive hemodialysis in centers, while only 1.4% receive it at home. More recently, however, there has been a renewed interest in home hemodialysis, thanks to the production of machines that are better adapted to the patients and their home environment. The effectiveness of home hemodialysis has been confirmed by several studies, showing good clinical outcomes and improved quality of life, despite the emotional and logistical challenges. Economic considerations are in favor of home hemodialysis and suggest that it could be a sustainable solution for the healthcare system, provided that its implementation is supported by local policies
Automating thermal limits: continuous, objective, and high-throughput thermal data for small mobile ectotherms.
No full textAnnual Banned-Substance Review 17th Edition-Analytical Approaches in Human Sports Drug Testing 2023/2024
No full textThe 17th edition of the annual banned-substance review on analytical approaches in human sports drug testing is dedicated to literature published between October 2023 and September 2024. As in previous years, focus is put particularly on new or enhanced analytical options in human doping controls as well as investigations into the metabolism and elimination of compounds of interest, which represent central (while not exclusive) cornerstones of the global anti-doping mission. New information published within the past 12 months on established doping agents as well as new potentially relevant substances are reviewed and discussed in the context of the World Anti-Doping Agency's 2024 Prohibited List. Thereby, analytical challenges, especially with regard to the continuously growing number of target compounds and potentially relevant drug classes as well as the exigency (and consequences) of utmost analytical retrospectivity, are thematized and contextualized. Investigations especially into anabolic agents, peptide hormones, and strategies for the detection of gene doping were identified as core areas of anti-doping research in the reviewed period.© 2024 The Author(s). Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
When sexting becomes “sexteen”: Exploring Parental Attitudes and Regulations of Adolescent Sexting
No full textOver the past 20 years, adolescent sexting has attracted popular media and scientific interest, with research showing the growing participation of adolescents in this sexual practice. While most studies on youth sexting have focused on adolescents’ perspectives, the few that include parents have primarily examined parenting practices quantitatively as predictors of adolescent sexting behaviors. However, little is known about parents’ own representations of youth sexting, particularly in terms of their perspectives and responses. To fill this gap, this qualitative study draws on semi-structured interviews with 13 Belgian parents (10 mothers and 3 fathers, 44–60 years) of adolescents (16–18 years). Interviews with participants were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We identified three central themes: (1) Sexting as surrogate love illustrates how parents see sexting as an act that does not fully reflect “genuine” intimacy and incompatible with “real-life” affection; (2) The role of an adolescent’s parent highlights parents’ efforts to navigate youth sexting by balancing trust, equipping their teens with tools for navigating digital life, and guiding them on matters of online intimacy; and (3) Gender and sexting: an ambivalence explores parents’ ambivalent views on the gendered dynamics of sexting, emphasizing the gendered consequences of the practice while striving for a more genderneutral approach when addressing the issue with their teens. Based on our results, parent programs could educate parents in more nuanced ways, emphasizing potential benefits adolescents find in this practice, while avoiding conflation with nonconsensual acts such as aggravated sexting
Perceived social support in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their co-parents: The Danish high risk and resilience study VIA 7.
No full textLack of social support is a risk factor for symptom recurrence and poor prognosis for individuals with severe mental disorders. Compared to healthy populations, individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are more likely to perceive lower levels of social support. Evidence is needed on perceived social support in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their co-parents.
Based on data from a population-based cohort study, The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7, we compared perceived social support measured with The Social Provisions Scale (SPS) in parents with schizophrenia (n = 148), their co-parents (n = 157), parents with bipolar disorder (n = 98), their co-parents (n = 89), and control parents (n = 359).
We found lower levels of perceived social support in parents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared with controls. Schizophrenia co-parents had lower levels of perceived social support compared to controls, but no difference was found between bipolar disorder co-parents and controls.
Low levels of perceived social support for these parents may pose an additional risk factor for their offspring in addition to the effects of genetic risk. Our results may inform future intervention studies and highlight the need for support for families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Le commerce façonne notre santé : agir sur les déterminants commerciaux [Business shapes our health: addressing the commercial determinants]
No full textIn 2021, noncommunicable diseases caused 43 million deaths worldwide, with one-third attributable to four major industries: tobacco, alcohol, ultraprocessed foods, and fossil fuels. In this context, can poor health still be explained solely by individual choices? The concept of commercial determinants of health, increasingly discussed in public health, examines the structural causes of these « industrial epidemics » and highlights the influence of economic actors on population health. It urges healthcare professionals, policymakers, and organizations to assess the impact of industrial strategies on consumption behaviors, while advocating for the implementation of appropriate regulations
Failure rate of the pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria rule for adults 35 years or younger: Findings from the RIETE Registry.
No full textThe use of a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram to diagnose pulmonary embolism (PE) has increased, leading not only to higher PE diagnoses but also to overdiagnosis and unnecessary radiation exposure, even in young patients despite a lower PE incidence. The aim of this study was to assess the failure rate of the pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria 35 (PERC-35) rule developed to reduce unnecessary testing in individuals aged ≤35 years among patients included in the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica Venosa (RIETE) Registry.
This retrospective cohort study used data from the RIETE Registry, an ongoing, international prospective registry of patients with objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism. The primary outcome was the missed PE rate using PERC-35 criteria. Secondary outcomes included the comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics, PE localization, treatment strategies, and outcomes between PERC-negative (PERC-35N) versus PERC-positive (PERC-35P) patients.
Of 58,918 adult patients with acute PE, the PERC-35 rule demonstrated a low missed PE rate of 0.35% (n = 204), with an upper 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.40%. The missed rate was 7.0% (95% CI 6.0%-7.9%) in the 18- to 35-year subgroup. Compared to PERC-35P patients, PERC-35N patients were younger (mean age 28.4 years), with a lower body mass index, and included a higher proportion of pregnant/postpartum women. PERC-35N patients had a significantly lower rate of chronic diseases and presented less frequently with dyspnea or syncope but more often with chest pain. They showed lower rates of positive D-dimer and troponin levels. PERC-35N patients experienced fewer major bleeding episodes, similar recurrence rates of PE/deep vein thrombosis, and no deaths during anticoagulation.
The PERC-35 rule demonstrated a low failure rate to exclude PE in patients aged 18-35 years and could reduce imaging and radiation exposure in young patients with a low PE pretest probability if confirmed prospectively