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Adhesives: Where Were We? Where Are We? Where Will We Be?
No full textThis Editorial provides a personal view on the evolution of adhesives technology and research over the years. In particular, the focus is on the relevant researchers in the field and the current challenges of adhesives research and technology
A natural deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of bisphenols in mineral and river water samples
No full textThis study aims to develop a novel method for the determination of five bisphenols (specifically BPS, BPA, BPAP, BPAF, and BPF) in aqueous samples using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as extractant phase. The environmentally friendly extractant decanoic acid:DL-menthol (1:2 molar ratio) has been employed for the extraction and preconcentration of BPs using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. The methodology has been evaluated under optimized extraction conditions, namely NADES volume (50 μL), sample pH (7), extraction time (3 min), centrifugation speed (370 g-force) and centrifugation time (1 min), resulting in good linearity with correlation coefficients between 0.993 and 0.999. The relative standard deviation was found to range from 4 to 19 %, while the detection limits were established between 1.5 and 3.3 μg/L. In the course of evaluating the recovery on different water samples, including mineral water, river water, and water from an organization engaged in the direct supply of packaged drinking water to end consumers, the relative recovery values ranged between 70 and 119 %. Additionally, a migration study was conducted utilizing polycarbonate bottles. Finally, an evaluation of the method environmental impact was performed with AGREEprep metric, providing the highest value compared to previous methodologies for the same purpose.The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2021-126155OB-I00) and the Regional Government of Valencia (Spain) (CIPROM/2021/062) for their financial support. Furthermore, the authors also would like to thank the Spanish Network of Excellence in Sample Preparation (RED2022-134079-T), granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Iván Rubio also extends his gratitude to the Generalitat Valenciana "Consellería de Educación, Universidades y Empleo" for his fellowship (CIACIF/2023/241)
Intercultural Health: Healthcare Strategies in Hospitals—A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
No full textBackground: Health inequalities can undermine health indicators, so interventions are needed to address this problem comprehensively through intercultural healthcare strategies. Objective: This review aimed to describe care experience, strategies, and interventions for culturally relevant healthcare for people from indigenous groups receiving in-hospital treatment. Design: A systematic review using qualitative meta-synthesis in keeping with Sandelowski and Barroso. Methods: Four databases were reviewed: WOS, Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL, using the following search terms: Indigenous People AND Delivery of Healthcare OR Health Action AND Culturally Competent Care from March 10 to December 18, 2022, and then updated from January 8 to September 30, 2023. Eligibility criteria were applied, and only original qualitative articles that address the healthcare experiences of indigenous populations at hospital centers from the perspective of end users and service providers were selected. The search spanned the last five years (2018–2023) in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The search was conducted using Equator Network guidelines, COREQ criteria were applied to qualitative research. NVivo 14 software was used for coding and thematic inductive analysis. Results: Seventeen original and primarily descriptive qualitative studies (n = 853 participants) were included, 88.2% of which correspond to high-income countries such as Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. Four main strategies emerged: (1) organizational culture, (2) cultural collaboration between healthcare systems, (3) intercultural competence, and (4) hospital environment. Conclusions: Changes in care are required through establishing organizational culture and executive leadership to develop cultural competencies in work teams. This would attain cultural safety in care provision via collaboration between healthcare systems in hospital settings and ensure equity in care services
Ontology of social and legal norms: propositions and social acceptance
No full textEste artículo pretende abordar el problema de la ontología de las normas sociales, incluyendo las jurídicas, y defenderá una concepción proposicional de acuerdo con la cual las normas son proposiciones —esto es, contenidos de expresiones lingüísticas y actitudes cognitivas— que existen en virtud de actos de aceptación. En la primera parte se distinguen diferentes usos del término “norma” para señalar que el foco se centrará en el género “prescriptivo”. En la segunda parte se presentará algunas propuestas sobre la ontología de las normas prescriptivas y se delinearán diversos desafíos que cada una enfrentaría. En la tercera parte se intentará defender la posición de que las normas son proposiciones que sirven de instrumentos cognitivos guías de la acción cuyo rasgo “prescriptivo” ha de entenderse en términos de su carácter representacional pero falible de exigencias o requisitos prácticos genuinos o vinculantes. Esto permitiría lidiar con casos de error en el seguimiento de normas existentes. Finalmente, indicaré que dichos contenidos proposicionales cuentan como normas en virtud de actos de aceptación, donde estos actos pueden ser variados, explícitos o implícitos, darse en distintos niveles y admitir otros hechos como explicadores parciales de determinada norma individual.This paper aims to address the ontology of social norms, including legal norms. It advocates a propositional view, according to which norms are propositions that exist by virtue of acceptance facts. In the first part, different usages of “norm” will be distinguished to clarify that my focus will be on the prescriptive genre. In the second part, several proposals regarding the ontology of prescriptive norms will be introduced and critically examined. In the third part, I will attempt to defend the view that norms are propositions serving as cognitive instruments, whose prescriptive nature is to be understood in terms of their fallible but representational structure concerning genuine practical requirements. This approach will enable my propositional account to accommodate error cases in norm-following. Finally, I will argue that propositional contents count as norms by virtue of acceptance facts— which may vary in nature, be explicit or implicit, occur at different levels, and admit other facts as partial explanations of individual norms
Efectividad del portavoz en Instagram para hoteles rurales: roles del género y la popularidad en el compromiso digital y las reservas
No full textThis study examines how the gender and popularity of spokespeople in Instagram posts influence consumer digital engagement and bookings in the rural hotel sector. Based on a content analysis of 1,017 posts from 14 rural hotels in Colombia and applying negative binomial regression models, the proposed hypotheses were evaluated. The results reveal that, contrary to expectations, the use of non-celebrity spokespeople reduces both "likes" and bookings. However, this relationship is moderated by gender and popularity. Celebrity endorsement positively impacts all metrics studied: bookings, "likes," and comments. Specifically, female spokespeople enhance bookings and "likes," while male spokespeople only increase "likes". These findings offer strategic implications for rural hotel managers, emphasizing that the selection of a spokesperson should be a calculated decision. Popularity and an appropriate gender match with the target audience are crucial factors for optimizing the effectiveness of social media campaigns, driving both interaction and commercial conversion.Este estudio examina cómo el género y la popularidad de los portavoces en publicaciones de Instagram influyen en el compromiso digital del consumidor y las reservas en el sector hotelero rural. Mediante un análisis de contenido de 1.017 publicaciones de 14 hoteles rurales en Colombia y la aplicación de modelos de regresión binomial negativa se evaluaron las hipótesis planteadas. Los resultados revelan que contrariamente a lo esperado el uso de portavoces no célebres reduce tanto los "me gusta" como las reservas. Sin embargo, esta relación es moderada por el género y la popularidad. El respaldo de celebridades impacta positivamente en todas las métricas estudiadas: reservas, "me gusta" y comentarios. Específicamente las portavoces femeninas mejoran las reservas y los "me gusta" mientras que los portavoces masculinos solo aumentan los "me gusta". Estos hallazgos ofrecen implicaciones estratégicas para los gestores de hoteles rurales subrayando que la selección de un portavoz debe ser una decisión calculada. La popularidad y una adecuada correspondencia de género con la audiencia objetivo son factores cruciales para optimizar la efectividad de las campañas en redes sociales impulsando tanto la interacción como la conversión comercial
Tensões relacionadas às injustiças epistêmicas na atenção à saúde da maternidade: uma perspectiva bioética
No full textIntroducción: Las mujeres durante su maternidad son vulnerables a sufrir de injusticias en sus procesos de atención en salud; temática sobre la cual se necesita mayor investigación. Objetivo: Interpretar las tensiones relacionadas con injusticias epistémicas en la atención en salud en la maternidad desde una perspectiva bioética. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Contó con la participación de 12 mujeres. La recolección de la información se hizo mediante entrevistas a profundidad y el análisis de la información con el software Atlas TI 8.0 aplicando codificación abierta y axial. Resultados: Se identificaron 240 códigos que constituyeron 37 subcategorías y 8 categorías centrales: dificultades en el acceso a la salud, problemas de humanización, con la privacidad, con la autonomía, en la comunicación y el lenguaje, en el manejo del dolor, insatisfacción con la calidad de la atención en salud, además de las implicaciones para entes gubernamentales y las instituciones hospitalarias. Conclusiones: Las mujeres aún viven tensiones relacionadas con injusticias epistémicas en la atención en salud en la maternidad que generan desigualdades; estas formas de injusticia deben ser reconocidas y sobre estas trabajar en la generación de trasformaciones sociales profundas a nivel de la macrobioética –global–, mesobioética –estados nacionales– y microbioética –bioética clínica–.Introduction: Women during their motherhood are vulnerable to suffering from injustices in their health care processes; subject on which more research is needed. Objective: To interpret the tensions related to epistemic injustices in maternity health care from a bioethical perspective. Methodology: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. It was attended by 12 women. The information was collected through in-depth interviews and the analysis of the information with the Atlas TI 8.0 software applying open and axial coding. Results: 240 codes were identified that constituted 37 subcategories and 8 central categories: difficulties in access to health, problems of humanization, with privacy, with autonomy, in communication and language, in pain management, dissatisfaction with the quality of health care, in addition to the implications for government entities and hospital institutions. Conclusions: Women still experience tensions related to epistemic injustices in maternity health care that generate inequalities; these forms of injustice must be recognized and on these work in the generation of deep social transformations at the level of macrobioethics –global–, mesobioethics –national states– and microbioethics –clinical bioethics–.Introdução: As mulheres durante a maternidade são vulneráveis a sofrer injustiças em seus processos de atenção à saúde; assunto sobre o qual mais pesquisas são necessárias. Objetivo: Interpretar as tensões relacionadas às injustiças epistêmicas na atenção à saúde da maternidade a partir de uma perspectiva bioética. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com abordagem fenomenológica. Estiveram presentes 12 mulheres. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e análise das informações com o software Atlas TI 8.0 aplicando codificação aberta e axial. Resultados: foram identificados 240 códigos que constituíram 37 subcategorias e 8 categorias centrais: dificuldades no acesso à saúde, problemas de humanização, com privacidade, com autonomia, na comunicação e linguagem, no manejo da dor, insatisfação com a qualidade da assistência à saúde, além às implicações para entidades governamentais e instituições hospitalares. Conclusões: As mulheres ainda vivenciam tensões relacionadas a injustiças epistêmicas na atenção à saúde da maternidade que geram desigualdades; estas formas de injustiça devem ser reconhecidas e sobre elas trabalhar na geração de profundas transformações sociais ao nível da macrobioética –global–, mesobioética –estados nacionais– e microbioética –bioética clínica–
The origin of Spanish tourism policy in 1904: Fin-de-siècle economic imbalances and international tourism in Spain
No full textEste artículo tiene por objeto explicar que el origen de la política turística tuvo lugar en 1904. Identifica que el turismo receptivo aportaba divisas suficientes para que España se comportara como un país turístico, y que existía una situación de necesidad: desequilibrio en la balanza mercantil e intensa depreciación de la peseta. Los ingresos por turismo extranjero podían ser una de las soluciones. De ahí la primera gran medida gubernamental, de carácter fiscal, a favor del turismo receptivo. El origen de la política turística nos muestra, en España, un caso de manual.This article aims to explain that the origins of tourism policy date back to 1904. It identifies that inbound tourism provided sufficient foreign currency for Spain to behave as a tourist country, and that there was a situation of necessity: an imbalance in the trade balance and intense depreciation of the peseta. Revenue from foreign tourism could be one of the solutions. Hence the first major government measure, of a fiscal nature, in favour of inbound tourism. The origins of tourism policy in Spain provide a textbook case
Evaluating nickel removal efficacy of Filtralite under laboratory conditions: Implications for sustainable urban drainage systems
No full textOur study deals with the critical issue of heavy metal pollution in urban runoff; we focused particularly on the threat posed by heavy metals such as nickel to living organisms and water resources owing to their toxicity at low concentrations and non-biodegradability. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Filtralite, a filtration medium with excellent hydraulic properties, in removing nickel from water through laboratory experiments and advanced simulation tools. We analysed the geochemical processes involved in nickel removal, including precipitation and adsorption. Importantly, we implemented an innovative approach for numerical modelling using HP1, by combining HYDRUS-1D and PHREEQC for modelling solute transport in porous media and geochemical reactions, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the Filtralite-laden column achieved a removal efficiency of 93.5 % for injected nickel. We observed a significant increase in the effluent pH from 7.0 to 11.5 during the interaction with Filtralite, affecting the solubility of the nickel phases. The model showed the highest nickel concentration in the initial column layers because of rapid chemical precipitation and adsorption upon contact with Filtralite. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of amorphous precipitates around the soil particles, aligning with the changes in pH. This study contributes significantly to environmental engineering and urban water management by introducing an innovative numerical model in HP1 to accurately simulate the removal of nickel using Filtralite. These findings validate the efficiency of Filtralite in extracting nickel from aqueous solutions. Thus, Filtralite is a strong candidate for inclusion in sustainable urban drainage systems.This work was supported by University of Alicante (project GRE17-12), and Generalitat Valenciana (project GV/2020/059). A pre-doctoral research fellowship (CIACIF/2021/469) was awarded to M.M. by the Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital
Simultaneous effect of thermal and chemical activation on novel argan pulp-derived activated carbon for high-performance supercapacitors
No full textIn this paper, we offer new porous activated carbons (PACs) made from waste Argan pulp for use in solid-state supercapacitors. The synthesis is a two-step process of carbonization and KOH activation, with temperatures ranging from 700 to 850 °C and ratios ranging from 1:3 to 1:4. The carbon material obtained exhibits a significant surface area ranging from 2757 to 3235 m2 g−1. The evaluation of electrochemical characteristics in a two-electrode system using a 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte reveals exceptional capacitance and specific energy when subjected to a current density of 125 mAg-1. The AP-800-3 has outstanding performance, with a specific capacitance of 460 F g−1 and a specific energy of 15.98 Wh kg−1. Significantly, this particular PAC has exceptional durability in cycling, as it maintains its full specific capacitance even after undergoing 2500 charge and discharge cycles at a rate of 1 A.g−1. When testing with 6 M KOH and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes, the capacitance is found to be lower compared to 1 M H2SO4 (239 F g−1 and 258 F g−1, respectively). The superior performance in 1 M H2SO4 emphasizes the interplay between electrolyte composition, porosity, and appropriate microstructure of the PACs. This study proposes eco-friendly method for selecting supercapacitor electrode materials.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Vice President's Office of the University of Alicante initiatives for Cooperation to Development 2019 and 2020. The UGR-Carbon authors are indebted to Project PID2021-127803OB-I00, which was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe,” for its financial support of this work. The assistance of the grant Mara Zambrano (RD 289/2021), which was financed by the Next Generation EU program of the European Union, is acknowledged by A. Elmouwahidi
Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the External Rif Chain (Morocco) derived from mineralogical and geochemical analysis of mudrocks
No full textA model of the Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the External Rif Chain (Morocco) is provided by means of the study of the mineralogical and geochemical composition of mudrocks. To date there was a lack of homogeneous data and of a complete and extensive study of the whole External Rif Zone (ERZ). Therefore, this work shows the study of the whole ERZ where the most representative stratigraphic sections have been selected. This work provides important information about the geodynamic evolution and the variations in source-area provenance related to the growing of the Rif orogenic belt. Although there is still much work to be done, this study aims to improve the knowledge of the Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the entire western ERZ with a homogeneous method, with a focus on the paleogeographic and paleotectonic evolution, the paleoweathering and the source areas deduced from mineralogical and geochemical data of the Cenozoic mudrocks. The bulk mineralogy is mainly characterized by the presence of calcite, quartz and dolomite plus ankerite. Feldspars have few percentages. The clay minerals are principally represented by mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S). Illite and kaolinite are in little amount. Femic minerals, mixed-layer chlorite/smectite (C/S) and chlorite are the most abundant. The I/S features suggest a different thermal condition for the three domains. The chemical composition indicates that the mudrocks can be described as mixtures of carbonates with aluminosilicate components. The Al/Ti, Th/Cr, Th/Sc, La/Th and La/Sc ratios, the Cr/V vs. Y/Ni plot, the V-Ni-Th*10 and La-Th-Sc ternary diagrams indicate a predominantly felsic source with a minor mafic input more evident in the Paleocene-Eocene samples of the External Intrarif and Mesorif. The External Rif Zones changed in the Cenozoic from a passive margin to a complex foreland system with the incoming of the Alpine tectonic phases. In general, the felsic contribution should be linked to the foreland area consisting in the Middle Atlas and Mesetas massifs made of a crystalline domain. This margin probably presented an intermediate narrow oceanic branch in the External Intrarif-Mesorif boundary that surprisingly should start to close during Paleogene times providing the mafic contribution. This Paleogene tectonic activity in these domains is corroborated by the thermal maturity indicating late diagenesis. The chemical weathering indices, such as the CIA (Chemical index of Alteration) and its modifications, show medium-high values and thus suggest generally moderate paleoweathering conditions in agreement with the predominant amount of I/S.Research supported by: Research Project PID2020-114381GB-I00, Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; Research Groups and Projects of the Generalitat Valenciana, Alicante University (CTMA-IGA)