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Simetrías del azmut del orto y el ocaso II
No full textRepaso sobre las simetrías del azimut del orto y el ocaso en Alicante y en otros lugares del planeta
Construction and Deconstruction of the Spartan Paradigm of Citizenship in the Age of Liberal Revolutions
No full textEl mirage o «espejismo» espartiata, entendido como fenómeno continuado de distorsión e incluso invención de las señas identitarias, costumbres y valores cívicos de los ciudadanos de la antigua Esparta para convertirlos en modélicos y referenciales, moldeó todo el pensamiento occidental. Este trabajo se ocupa en concreto de la recepción e interpretación que de los paradigmas antiguos, y particularmente del espartano, hicieron filósofos, políticos, militares e intelectuales de distinta clase y condición durante la Era de las revoluciones liberales en la vieja Europa y en los emergentes Estados Unidos de América. Se trata de estudiar el uso sesgado, la instrumentalización e incluso la apropiación de estos paradigmas para servir a determinados intereses. La temprana república romana fue, por una parte, un referente claro, esgrimida como símbolo de libertad y austeridad frente al despotismo y la corrupción, mientras que cuando se mira al mundo griego pervive la vieja dicotomía Esparta-Atenas. Se examina cómo y por qué fue el paradigma espartano de ciudadanía el que tendió a imperar sobre el de una democracia ateniense que se percibía como «tumultuaria», pero después daremos también cabida a la contestación de esta búsqueda de modelos en la Antigüedad entre aquellos que pensaban que en ese mundo nuevo que se estaba creando no había ya sitio para la recreación del pasado y, consecuentemente, deconstruyen tales paradigmas.The Spartiate mirage, understood as a continuous phenomenon of distortion and even invention of the identity signs, customs and civic values of the citizens of ancient Sparta to turn them into models and references, shaped all Western thought. This work deals specifically with the reception and interpretation of the ancient paradigms, and particularly the Spartan paradigm, by philosophers, politicians, soldiers and intellectuals of different classes and conditions during the Age of Liberal Revolutions in old Europe and in the emerging United States of America. It is about studying the biased use, instrumentalization and even appropriation of these paradigms to serve certain interests. The early Roman Republic was, on the one hand, a clear reference, held up as a symbol of freedom and austerity in the face of despotism and corruption, while when looking at the Greek world the old Sparta-Athens dichotomy survives. We examine how and why it was the Spartan paradigm of citizenship that tended to prevail over that of an Athenian democracy that was perceived as «tumultuous», but then we will also deal with the contestation of this search for models in Antiquity among those who thought that in this new world that was being created there was no longer room for the recreation of the past and, consequently, they deconstructed such paradigms.Este trabajo ha sido elaborado en el marco del proyecto PID2020-120048GB-I00
Editorial: Celebrating the year of Ramon y Cajal: cellular biology of the retina
No full textEditorial on the Research Topic Celebrating the year of Ramon y Cajal: cellular biology of the retina.This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia (FEDER-PID2019-106230RB-I00) and Generalitat Valenciana (IDIFEDER/2017/064, PROMETEO/2021/024) and acción Marie Curie ITN, HORIZON-MSCA-2021-DN-01-01 RETORNA (NC); The Doni Solich Family Chair in Ocular Stem Cell Research and an unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado from Research to Prevent Blindness (MVC-S). This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), The National Eye Institute
The plinths and crowns of Tarraco: formal analysis and cataloguing of the non-epigraphic elements of the tripartite honorific pedestal
No full textEn este trabajo se presenta un análisis formal y una propuesta de catalogación de los treinta y dos zócalos y las dos coronas procedentes de la ciudad de Tarraco. Ambos elementos forman parte del pedestal tripartito honorífico, un soporte epigráfico producido en masa que tuvo su origen en el marco de la reforma del culto imperial bajo el gobierno de Vespasiano, concebido como soporte estandarizado para las estatuas de bronce de los flamines provinciales salientes. En las siguientes líneas definiremos los zócalos y las coronas identificados en la ciudad, presentando su forma, medida, moldura y material; asimismo, presentaremos un primer catálogo con estas piezas, elementos que, aun con la importancia de dicho monumento honorífico en la ciudad de Tarraco, han pasado desapercibidos en las publicaciones que estudian la epigrafía tarraconense. El estudio nos ha permitido identificar dos grupos de molduras recurrentes entre los zócalos de la ciudad, así como establecer un único grupo para las coronas. Además, gracias al análisis realizado de estos bloques, hemos identificado cuatro que, debido a su estado de conservación y moldura, podrían tratarse de zócalos o coronas. El objetivo principal de este artículo es ofrecer una base sistematizada para futuras investigaciones, mediante la consolidación en una única publicación del conjunto de zócalos y coronas documentadas en Tarraco hasta la fecha, acompañada de un análisis tipológico preliminar y una propuesta de clasificación basada en sus molduras.This study presents a formal analysis and a proposed catalogue of the thirty-two plinths and two crowns identified in the city of Tarraco. Both elements were part of the tripartite honorific pedestal, a mass-produced epigraphic support that originated within the framework of the imperial cult reform under the rule of Vespasian, conceived as a standardised base for the bronze statues of the outgoing flamines provinciales. In the sections that follow, we define the plinths and crowns documented in the city, outlining their shape, dimensions, mouldings and material. We also present a preliminary catalogue of these elements which, despite the significance of this type of honorary monument in the city of Tarraco, have gone largely unnoticed in the otherwise thorough studies of the city’s epigraphy. The analysis conducted has enabled the identification of two recurring moulding groups among the plinths, as well as the establishment of a single grouping of the crowns. In addition, the examination of the blocks has led to the identification of four fragments which, due to their state of preservation and moulding profiles, may be interpreted either as plinths or crowns. The primary aim of this article is to provide a systematic foundation for future research through the consolidation, in a single publication, of all known plinths and crowns from Tarraco to date, accompanied by a preliminary typological analysis and a proposed classification based on their mouldings
Towards Sectoral Planning for renewable energies: Territorial Analysis and Methodological Proposal for the Implementation of Photovoltaic Energy in the Province of Alicante
No full textLa energía solar fotovoltaica es un recurso fundamental para avanzar hacia la transición energética, lo que ha motivado una intensa actividad legislativa con el objetivo de impulsar su implantación en plazos relativamente cortos. El avance en materia de descarbonización también plantea importantes retos territoriales. En la Comunitat Valenciana no existe planificación sectorial específica para las energías fotovoltaicas, por lo que el trabajo se plantea con el objetivo de analizar si la implantación de las centrales de energía fotovoltaica está siguiendo criterios de aptitud y sostenibilidad territorial. Se selecciona la provincia de Alicante por concentrar un elevado número de proyectos fotovoltaicos en tramitación unido a su elevada presión territorial. La metodología se basa en tres fases: (1) estudio de la normativa, (2) creación de una propuesta metodológica para definir las zonas con mejor aptitud, combinando los Sistemas de Información Geográfica con metodologías de toma de decisiones y, (3) evaluación de los resultados. La comparación del modelo de aptitud territorial propuesto con los proyectos fotovoltaicos autorizados o en tramitación muestra una escasa coincidencia. Se ha observado que son las variables referentes al transporte de la energía las que menos se están considerando a la hora de solicitar proyectos, porque es en el momento de su inclusión cuando se maximiza el desacople entre el modelo y los proyectos. Se pone de manifiesto que, en ausencia de planificación sectorial, el proceso de implantación de las centrales fotovoltaicas en la provincia de Alicante no funciona de manera eficaz ni a nivel territorial ni a nivel de gestión, tanto para la administración pública como para los promotores privados.Photovoltaic solar energy is a fundamental resource for progressing towards the energy transition, which has prompted intense legislative activity seeking to promote its deployment within relatively short timeframes. However, progress in decarbonization also entails significant territorial challenges. In the Region of Valencia, there is no specific sectoral planning framework for photovoltaic energy. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze whether the implementation of photovoltaic power plants follows criteria of territorial suitability and sustainability. The province of Alicante was selected as the study area due to its high concentration of photovoltaic projects currently under administrative processing, combined with strong territorial pressure. The methodology is structured into three phases: (1) analysis of the regulatory framework; (2) development of a methodological proposal to identify the most suitable areas, integrating Geographic Information Systems with decision-making methodologies; and (3) evaluation of the results. The comparison between the proposed territorial suitability model and the photovoltaic projects that have been authorized or are under review reveal limited overlap. It can be observed that variables related to energy transport are, in most cases, the least considered when submitting project proposals, and it is precisely at this stage that the mismatch between the model and the projects becomes most evident. The findings highlight that, in the absence of sectoral planning, the process of implementing photovoltaic power plants in the province of Alicante is not functioning effectively—neither from a territorial perspective nor from a management standpoint—for both public administrations and private developers
Flight Interruptions by European Western Marsh Harriers Crossing the Sahara Desert
No full textMigratory birds face numerous challenges as they travel to and from their wintering grounds. Their ability to overcome these obstacles depends on their physical fitness, energy reserves and migration strategy. During migration, birds often need flight interruptions in vegetated areas which play a crucial role for migrants heading to wintering quarters or flying back to breeding areas. For the migratory raptor, the Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus a particularly difficult challenge is crossing the Sahara Desert. In this region, the birds encounter areas with lack of vegetation and harsh atmospheric conditions. To understand their behaviour in such an unfavourable environment, we studied the migratory patterns of Marsh Harriers in the Sahara Desert using GPS/GSM telemetry from 2019 to 2023. We examined flight interruptions within an hourly resolution and unique stop sites in hyper-arid areas of the Sahara Desert and enhanced the dataset with Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land cover data, U (velocity of the east-west) and V (velocity of the north-south) wind components and sunrise and sunset times. We explored the timing of the daytime flight interruptions used by Marsh Harriers and described the selection of sites with emphasis on the NDVI. Marsh Harriers preferred areas with higher NDVI and increased distance between unique stop sites. We also found increased density of flight interruptions during late afternoon and tendency for flight interruptions in the vicinity of consecutive night roost. Flight interruptions were also affected by wind conditions. Our study, made possible by advanced GPS/GSM technology and remote sensing data, provides new insights into the use of unique stop sites by Marsh Harriers during migration over the Sahara Desert. It underlines the importance of scarce vegetation during the Sahara crossing for the Marsh Harrier and helps to explain the selection of areas within a harsh environment used for breaks of a short duration. Our findings open the door for further investigation of Marsh Harrier behaviour during migration through harsh environments.This work was supported by the University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (grant IGA 204/2023/FVHE). E.G. acknowledges funding from Generalitat Valenciana and a European Social Fund (grant APOSTD/2021/188). In Austria, the field work was kindly supported by National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel and Auring
Assessment of Phenolic and Indolic Compound Removal from Aqueous Media Using Lignocellulose-Derived Surface-Modified Nanoporous Carbon Adsorbents: A Comparative Study
No full textP-cresol, indole and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are catabolites of amino acids, formed by the gut microbiome. Most of these aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives are excreted by the colon before reentering the body to form “exogenous” protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), which aggravate chronic kidney disease (CKD). Removal efficiencies of these PBUT precursors from model phosphate-buffered saline solutions by three different surface-modified nanoporous carbon adsorbents (PCs) were studied. PCs were produced by physicochemical and/or acid base activation of carbonized rice husk waste. Removal rates achieved values of 32–96% within a 3 h contact time. High micro/mesoporosity and surface chemistry of the N- and P-doped biochars were established by N2 adsorption studies, SEM/EDS analysis, XPS and FT-IR-spectroscopy. The ammoxidized PC-N1 had the highest adsorption capacity (1.97 mmol/g for IAA, 2.43 mmol/g for p-cresol and 2.42 mmol/g for indole), followed by “urea-nitrified” PC-N2, whilst the phosphorylated PC-P demonstrated the lowest adsorption capacity for these solutes. These results do not correlate with the total pore volume values for PC-N2 (0.91 cm3/g) PC-N2 > PC-P) and the interaction of surface chemical functional groups with the solutes play key roles in the adsorption mechanism. N-doped PC-N1 and PC-N2 have basic functional groups with higher affinity with acidic IAA and p-cresol. The ion-exchange mechanism of phenolic and indolic compound chemisorption by nanoporous carbon adsorbents, modified with surface N- and P-containing functional groups, has been proposed.This study was also supported by the project “NanoMed”-“Nanoporous and Nanostructured Materials for Medical Applications” within the EU Horizon 2020 program H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 and the UK Royal Academy of Engineering project “Surface Functionalised Nanostructured Carbon Sorbents for Health and the Environment” (IAPP/1516/3)
Corrigendum to <‘Evolution of Neogene fossil ceratoliths (Coccolithophores) by duplication title of article’> <[Marine Micropaleontology 201 (2025) Article 102530]>
No full textLixus and the petrographic characterization of its amphorae: first results from the 2018 and 2021 excavations in the Southern Sector
No full textLas excavaciones realizadas en años recientes en el Sector Sur de Lixus (Larache, Marruecos) han permitido recuperar, entre otros materiales, un importante conjunto de ánforas de diversas cronologías, desde las fases finales de la época mauritana de la ciudad hasta la época tardorromana, incluyendo numerosos envases salsarios/salazoneros de tipologías propias de la región del Estrecho de Gibraltar. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la industria haliéutica en Lixus y la ausencia, hasta la fecha, de evidencias directas de alfares en el entorno del yacimiento —cuya existencia sería esperable debido a la necesidad de suministrar envases a las factorías locales—, el estudio de este extenso conjunto anfórico resulta de gran interés para examinar la posibilidad de identificar envases locales y/o regionales, con el objetivo de obtener nuevos indicios para una mejor comprensión de las dinámicas de producción y comercio en este importante enclave tingitano. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio petrográfico mediante microscopía óptica por lámina delgada sobre una selección de veintiséis ánforas procedentes de contextos excavados de cronologías comprendidas entre la época mauritana y la tardorromana, abarcando una amplia variedad tipológica. El análisis permitió identificar una gran diversidad de fábricas petrográficas, en su mayoría incompatibles con la hipótesis de un origen local y, en cambio, vinculables en varios casos a una procedencia del sur de Hispania. Esta preeminencia de ánforas regionales en los contextos lixitanos resulta significativa y, aunque no excluye la posible existencia de una producción anfórica local, aporta interesantes novedades sobre las dinámicas comerciales de Lixus y, en un sentido más amplio, sobre la complejidad de los circuitos de producción y distribución de envases anfóricos en la Antigüedad en la región del Estrecho.Excavations conducted in recent years in the Southern Sector of Lixus (Larache, Morocco) uncovered an important assemblage of amphorae of various chronologies, ranging from the final phases of the Mauretanian period to the Late Roman period, including numerous containers for fish preserves and sauces belonging to types characteristic of the Strait of Gibraltar region. Considering the importance of the halieutic industry in Lixus and the absence, to date, of direct evidence of pottery workshops in the vicinity of the site—whose existence would be expected given the need to supply the local fish-processing installations—the study of this extensive amphora assemblage is of great interest in exploring the potential identification of local and/or regional containers. The aim is to gain new insights into the production and trade dynamics of this key city in Tingitana. To this end, a mineralogical and petrographic study using thin-section optical microscopy was carried out on a sample of twenty-six amphorae from Mauretanian to Late Roman contexts, encompassing a wide range of typologies. The analysis revealed a broad variety of petrographic fabrics, most of which are incompatible with a local origin and instead point to a provenance in southern Hispania. This predominance of regional amphorae in the Lixitan assemblages is significant and, while not excluding the possibility of a local amphora production, provides valuable new data on the commercial dynamics of Lixus and, more broadly, on the complexity of amphora production and distribution networks in the Strait of Gibraltar region during Antiquity.Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del Convenio de Colaboración entre el INSAP de Rabat y la Universidad de Cádiz (2020-2026), financiado por el programa de Ayudas a Proyectos Arqueológicos en el Exterior (convocatorias de 2022 y 2024). Asimismo, forma parte de los proyectos de I+D+i GARVM IV (PID2022-138814OB-I00/MCIN/AEI, financiado por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y por FEDER/UE) y MEDUSA (PCM_00031) del Plan Complementario de Ciencias Marinas de la Junta de Andalucía. El estudio se integra además en las actividades del Equip de Recerca Arqueològica i Arqueomètrica de la Universitat de Barcelona (ERAAUB), Grup de Recerca Consolidat (2021 SGR 00696), financiado por la Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del DEC de la Generalitat de Catalunya
The Cheikhāt and the Artistic Expression of al-Aīṭa in Morocco: Voices of Cultural Resistance Between Folklore and the Forbidden
No full textEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo visibilizar un tipo de música, canto, poesía y danza asociado a las mujeres conocidas como cheikhāt. La cheikha es una figura femenina que realiza la función de poetisa, bailarina y cantante en la interpretación de al-‘aīṭa. Las cheikhāt han sido depositarias de un rico patrimonio cultural oral, que han transmitido durante generaciones cantando y bailando de fiesta en fiesta. Aunque eran admiradas por su talento y por amenizar eventos importantes, también eran estigmatizadas socialmente, a la vez que veneradas y marginadas. Esta expresión artística, denominada al-‘aīṭa, ha estado históricamente vinculada a las zonas rurales y montañosas de Marruecos, caracterizadas en su mayoría por una situación socioeconómica deprimida. Este trabajo busca no solo darles visibilidad y profundizar en su historia y legado, sino también analizar cómo estas canciones y danzas, por un lado, siguen siendo interpretadas en las áreas rurales y, por otro, cómo están siendo recuperadas en las ciudades a través de medios como el cine y los grupos de música popular. Asimismo, la pretensión es desafiar el estereotipo que durante mucho tiempo ha acompañado a las cheikhāt. Para ello se han analizado artículos académicos, ensayos, obras literarias, medios de comunicación e internet, así como testimonios directos recogidos en una entrevista realizada a un grupo de mujeres pertenecientes a una coral. Los testimonios que tenemos de principios del siglo XX nos muestran que estas mujeres eran verdaderas artistas: poetisas, cantantes y bailarinas que desempeñaban un papel fundamental en la preservación de la cultura popular marroquí. Su asociación con la prostitución no es más que una consecuencia de los prejuicios de la época, que las juzgaban únicamente por ocupar espacios públicos, algo que para las mujeres de aquel entonces resultaba inusual y transgresor. Es el momento de reivindicar su legado y reconocerlas por su relevancia cultural, que ha contribuido a enriquecer el patrimonio oral del país.This article aims to shed light on a type of music, song, poetry, and dance associated with women known as cheikhāt. The cheikha is a female figure who performs the role of poet, dancer, and singer in the interpretation of al-ʿaīṭa. The sheikhas have been keepers of a rich oral cultural heritage, which they have transmitted for generations by singing and dancing from celebration to celebration. However, this work has led them to be stigmatized as «women of loose morals.» In other words, although they were admired for their talent and for enlivening important events, they were also socially stigmatized, both revered and marginalized. This artistic expression, called al-‘aīṭa, has been historically linked to the rural and mountainous regions of Morocco, mostly characterized by a depressed socioeconomic situation. This work seeks not only to give them visibility and delve into their history and legacy, but also to analyze how these songs and dances, on the one hand, continue to be performed in rural areas and, on the other hand, are being recovered in cities through media such as film and contemporary music groups. Likewise, the intention is to challenge the stereotype that has long accompanied the sheikhas. This study is based on the analysis of academic articles, essays, literary works, media sources, and online content, as well as direct testimonies collected through a conducted interview with a group of women belonging to a choir. Historical accounts from the early 20th century show that these women were true artists: poets, singers, and dancers, who played a key role in preserving Moroccan popular culture. Their later association with prostitution likely has a specific historical context that must be identified and critically examined, in order to clearly situate that earlier time and avoid imprecise or misleading interpretations. Their association with prostitution is nothing more than a consequence of the prejudices of the time, which judged them solely for occupying public spaces, something that for women of that era was unusual and transgressive. It is time to reclaim their artistic legacy and recognize them as artists of enormous cultural relevance. They have contributed to maintaining part of the country’s oral heritage