Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
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Microplastics pollution in sediment of Serang River Kulon Yogyakarta Province
Full text linkMicroplastics that can harm living things have been found in large rivers in Yogyakarta Province to the digestive tract of fish. However, rivers in the suburban areas of the province, such as the Serang River, have not yet been identified, although many local communities still use them. This study aimed to analyze the abundance, type of polymer, and characteristics of microplastics found in Serang River sediments. Sampling was carried out in December 2019 in the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas of the river. Six sediment samples were taken from each area and randomly divided into two stations. Each sediment sample was then dried, weighed dry, separated the microplastics, observed visually, calculated the abundance of microplastics, grouped shape, size, and color (characteristics), identified the type of polymer by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test, and analyzed quantitatively descriptively and inferentially. The results showed that microplastics were present in all samples with an abundance range of 148.88 to 384.58 particles kg-1. The abundance of microplastics in Serang River sediments was highest in the downstream area, with an average of 321.99 ± 46.76 particles kg-1. The microplastic was identified as a polyethylene polymer as the main ingredient for making single-use plastics. The characteristics of microplastics in Serang River sediments are dominated by a size range of 10-50 m, in the form of fragments and films, and transparent colors
Pengeringan buah tomat menggunakan tray dryer dengan bantuan foaming agent tween 80
Full text linkTomat merupakan buah yang mengandung kadar air cukup tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan proses pembusukan. Menjadikan tomat ke bentuk bubuk melalui proses pengeringan adalah salah satu cara untuk mengawetkan buah tomat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik serta pengaruh foaming agent tween 80 pada pengeringan buah tomat dengan variasi laju udara fan, waktu dan temperatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pengeringan tray dryer. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel laju udara fan 3, 4, 5, 6 m/detik, waktu 30, 40, 50, 60 menit serta suhu 40, 50, 60, 70°C. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laju alir udara optimum untuk mengeringkan tomat yang sudah menjadi busa dengan ketebalan 3 mm yaitu 3 m/s. Waktu pengeringan optimum yaitu 50 menit, dimana pada waktu 50 menit tersebut telah tercapai laju pengeringan yang rendah. Suhu pengeringan optimum yaitu 70°C dengan kecepatan pengeringan 0,005 gram/detik dan moisture content basis kering sebesar 0,06. Dengan demikian, metode ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengoptimalkan proses pengeringan tomat secara efisien
Cold sterilization of coconut water by membrane technology and UV-C
Full text linkCoconut water contains amino acids, vitamins, antioxidants, and mineral, which are beneficial for human health. However, rapid degradation of coconut water due to the presence of protein, fat, and microbes has led to short shelf life and coconut water’s rancidity. Sterilization of coconut water by heat treatment has been proven to be effective in microorganism elimination, but results in major changes of coconut water’s sensory attributes. In this research, cold sterilization of coconut water was conducted by using ultrafiltration membrane and UV-C to preserve the sensory properties and nutritional components in coconut water. The radiation dose of UV-C and operating pressure of ultrafiltration membrane was varied to obtain the optimum operating condition. The sterilization process by UV-C did not remove fat and protein, which are the rancidity-causing components. In ultrafiltration sterilization, fat and protein can be removed by 74% and 31.37%. Superior microorganism elimination by ultrafiltration was obtained at 99.9999%, compared to that by UV-C at 90%. The ultrafiltration also retained the coconut water’s pH, total soluble solid, and flavor, while improved its clarity. At optimum operating pressure of 0.25 bar, the coconut water’s shelf life of 3 days, according to the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), can be achieved
Optimization of low carbon steel coating with corrosion inhibitor method based on siwalan (Borassus flabellifer) fiber extract
Full text linkSiwalan fiber waste (SFW) has the potential as a source of lignin (7-25%) which is used as a green inhibitor to inhibit the corrosion rate of low carbon steel (LCS). The aims of this study were: (1) determine the optimum conditions (types of HCl and H2SO4, Cinhibitor and Cmedia, inhibition temperature, and coating time) for LCS coating process using the inhibitory method using lignin extract from SFW, and (2) knowing the resistance of LCS coated with inhibitor at optimum conditions. Empirical research through laboratory experiments explains the relation between variables by analyzing numerical data. 185g of SFW produced 52.289g (28.26%) fine brown powder. IR spectrum analysis on extract showed the wavelength was almost the same as the standard. IR spectrum analysis was also carried out on the extracted compounds that were adsorbed, and the absorption peaks confirmed the presence of lignin in the adsorbed compounds. Based on the results of the analysis of the weighing data of the specimen before and after inhibition, the inhibitor concentration of 0.2–0.3 g/L in H2SO4 at 313K is the optimum condition to suppress the corrosion rate on the surface of LCS by 76.2%
Pengaruh variasi suhu dan waktu pemanasan terhadap struktur kristal, komposisi kimia, morfologi dan kadar logam pada sintesis nanopartikel ZnO menggunakan metode hidrotermal
Full text linkSintesis nanopartikel ZnO dari limbah industri baja telah dilakukan menggunakan metode hidrotermal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu (120, 150 dan 200°C) dan waktu pemanasan (1, 3, dan 6 jam) terhadap komposisi kimia, struktur kristal, ukuran partikel dan morfologi dari produk ZnO yang dihasilkan. Karakterisasi yang digunakan ialah Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Proses hidrotermal menghasilkan produk nanopartikel dengan kemurnian tinggi dan ukuran partikel < 100nm dengan suhu hidrotermal yang optimum adalah 150oC selama waktu penahanan 3 jam. Dari hasil karakterisasi XRF diketahui bahwa kadar Zn adalah yang paling dominan yaitu sebesar 98,434%. Selanjutnya, pada karakterisasi XRD diperoleh fasa murni ZnO yaitu zincite dengan nilai 2θ sebesar 36,23° dan ukuran partikel sebesar 33,36 nm dengan morfologi yang terbentuk batang heksagonal (nanorods) seperti yang diperoleh pada karakterisasi FE-SEM
Analisis perilaku hidrodinamik kolom absorber pada laju alir gas umpan rendah terhadap perubahan laju alir pelarut dan wash water pada unit penghilangan senyawa sulfur
Full text linkMetode absorpsi merupakan metode yang banyak digunakan dalam pemurnian gas alam dari senyawa pengasamnya. Unit pemisahan senyawa sulfur pada PT BCD dirancang untuk menurunkan konsentrasi H2S pada gas alam dari 9957 ppm menjadi kurang dari 10 ppm dengan laju alir gas umpan pada rated condition adalah 327,7 MMSCFD. Keseluruhan sistem pengolahan gas didesain dengan turndown ratio 40%. Karena alasan operasi, laju alir gas umpan perlu diturunkan hingga 20% kapasitas desain (65,54 MMSCFD). Analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku hidrodinamik kolom absorber dan sistem pendukungnya pada pengoperasian di 20% kapasitas desain. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ASPEN HYSYS V11 untuk mengetahui parameter operasi kolom absorber dan kondisi untuk mendukung pengoperasian di 20% kapasitas desain. Dengan desain operasi peralatan saat ini, weeping terjadi pada laju alir gas umpan 28% desain (91,59 MMSCFD). Pada laju alir gas umpan 28% desain, wash water pump sudah mencapai kapasitas minimum, yaitu 78 gpm. Semakin kecil laju alir gas umpan, maka laju sirkulasi wash water perlu dikurangi untuk menghindari weeping. Untuk dapat beroperasi di gas umpan 20% desain, kapasitas wash water pump perlu diturunkan hingga 25 gpm
Pengaruh kondisi operasi proses pemekatan litium dari geothermal brine sintetis dengan metode Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD)
Full text linkAhmed FE, Lalia BS, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N. 2020. Alternative heating techniques in membrane distillation: A review. Desalination. 496(September):114713. doi:10.1016/j.desal. 2020.114713.Alkhudhiri A, Darwish N, Hilal N. 2012. Membranedistillation: A comprehensive review. Desalination. 287(January):2– 18. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.08.027.Baksir A, Daud K, Wibowo ES, Akbar N, Haji I. 2019. Halmahe- ra , North Maluku Province. 22.Blanco Gálvez J, García-Rodríguez L, Martín-Mateos I. 2009. Seawater desalination by an innovative solar-powered membranedistillation system: the MEDESOL project. De- salination. 246(1-3):567–576. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.12.005.Flexer V, Baspineiro CF, Galli CI. 2018. Lithium recovery from brines: A vital raw material for green energies with a po- tential environmental impact in its mining and proces- sing. Science of The Total Environment. 639:1188–1204. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.223.H Tangkas IWCW, Astuti W, Sutijan, Sumardi S, Petrus HTBM. 2021. Lithium titanium oxide synthesis by solid-state re- action for lithium adsorption from artificial brine source. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Scien- ce. 882(1):012005. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012005.Hartono M, Astrayudha MA, Petrus HT, Budhijanto W, Sulis- tyo H. 2017. Lithium recovery of spent lithium-ion battery using bioleaching from local sources microorganism. Ra- sayan Journal of Chemistry. 10(3):897–903. doi:10.7324/ RJC.2017.1031767.Joko S. 2020. Makalah ilmiah. 15:89–100.Li Q, Omar A, Cha-Umpong W, Liu Q, Li X, Wen J, Wang Y, Ra- zmjou A, Guan J, Taylor RA. 2020. The potential of ho- llow fiber vacuum multi-effect membrane distillation for brine treatment. Applied Energy. 276(June):115437. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115437.Li X, Mo Y, Qing W, Shao S, Tang CY, Li J. 2019. Membrane- based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithi- um resources: A review. Journal of Membrane Science. 591(January):117317. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117317.Mustika PCBW, Astuti W, Sumardi S, Petrus HTBM, Sutijan. 2022. Separation Characteristic and Selectivity of Lithi- um from Geothermal Brine Using Forward Osmosis. Jo- urnal of Sustainable Metallurgy. doi:10.1007/s40831-022-00602-z.Natasha NC, Lalasari LH, Miftakhur R, Sudarsono JW. 2018. Ekstraksi Litium dari β – Spodumen Hasil Dekomposisi Batuan Sekismika Indonesia Menggunakan Aditif Natri- um Sulfat.Prawira J. 2017. Karakteristik Membran dan Pengaruhnya Ter- hadap Kinerja Proses Distilasi Membran. Delft University of Technology. 3(1):0–11. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1134034.Purnomo BJ, Pichler T. 2014. Geothermal systems on the is- land of Java, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geo- thermal Research. 285:47–59. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2 014.08.004.Roobavannan S, Vigneswaran S, Naidu G. 2020. Enhan- cing the performance of membrane distillation and ion- exchange manganese oxide for recovery of water and lithium from seawater. Chemical Engineering Journal. 396(May):125386. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.125386.Setiawan FA, Rahayuningsih E, Petrus HTBM, Nurpratama MI, Perdana I. 2019a. Kinetics of silica precipitation in geo- thermal brine with seeds addition: minimizing silica sca- ling in a cold re-injection system. Geothermal Energy. 7(1). doi:10.1186/s40517-019-0138-3.Setiawan H, Petrus HTBM, Perdana I. 2019b. Reaction kineti- cs modeling for lithium and cobalt recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries using acetic acid. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials. 26(1):98– 107. doi:10.1007/s12613-019-1713-0.Siekierka A, Tomaszewska B, Bryjak M. 2018. Lithium cap- turing from geothermal water by hybrid capacitive deio- nization. Desalination. 436(February 2018):8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2018.02.003.Sujoto VSH, Sutijan, Astuti W, Mufakhir FR, Petrus HTBM. 2021. Lithium recovery from synthetic geothermal bri- ne using electrodialysis method. IOP Conference Seri- es: Earth and Environmental Science. 882(1):012003. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012003.Sujoto VSH, Sutijan, Astuti W, Sumardi S, Louis ISY, Petrus HTBM. 2022. Effect of Operating Conditions on Lithium Recovery from Synthetic Geothermal Brine Using Ele- ctrodialysis Method. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. 8(1):274–287. doi:10.1007/s40831-021-00488-3.Sutijan S, Wahyudi S, Ismail MF, Mustika PCB, Astuti W, Prase- tya A, Petrus HTBM. 2022. Forward osmosis to concentra- te lithium from brine: the effect of operating conditions (pH and temperature). International Journal of Techno- logy. 13(1):136. doi:10.14716/ijtech.v13i1.4371.Zhang Y, Peng Y, Ji S, Li Z, Chen P. 2015. Review of thermal effi- ciency and heat recycling in membrane distillation pro- cesses. Desalination. 367:223–239. doi:10.1016/j.desal.20 15.04.013.Zhao K, Heinzl W, Wenzel M, Büttner S, Bollen F, Lange G, He- inzl S, Sarda N. 2013. Experimental study of the memsys vacuum-multi-effect-membrane-distillation (V-MEMD) module. Desalination. 323:150–160. doi:10.1016/j.desal. 2012.12.003
The effect of the addition combination of chicken eggshell adsorbents (Gallus gallus domesticus) and siwalan fiber (Borassus flabellifer) on the adsorption process of used cooking oil
Full text linkCooking oil is a daily necessity. Repeated use of oil with high heating temperatures (200-250°C) can result in oxidation and polymerization processes in the oil. Cooking oil purification is carried out by the adsorption method which utilizes cellulose content in coconut coir and CaCO3 in eggshell so that it can meet SNI 3741:2013. In this study, the adsorption process was carried out using siwalan coir adsorbents activated by 9% ZnCl2 and eggshell adsorbents which were activated using a 600oC furnace for 3 hours. This study was handled using a factorial 23 experimental design and it was found that the adsorption spin time variable was the influential variable. The results of this study were per SNI 3741:2013 with an FFA concentration of 0.3049% and a peroxide value of 2 mekO2/kg with a mass of adsorbent for siwalan coir and shells of 2: 10 gram, the optimum time was 69 minutes. Analysis of the findings of the optimization sample which has a specific gravity of 0.91 gram/cm3, a clear yellow color, and a moisture content of 0.083%
