Jurnal Sain Veteriner
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Molecular Detection of Taura Syndrome Virus Infections in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Giant Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Get PDFAbstract Giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) are types of shrimp that became excellent commodities in the fisheries sector. However, one of the obstacles in the vaname shrimp aquaculture is a disease caused by the infection of Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV). One of the consequence of raising the vaname shrimp in Indonesia is the possibility of spreading TSV infection in another shrimp species. TSV infection in giant prawns in Indonesia has not been reported. The aims of this study were: 1. To determine the resistance of giant prawns toward TSV infection and 2. To detect molecularly using RT-PCR technique the presence of viruses TSV on vaname shrimp or giant prawns infected with 3 different doses (0.05 ml; 0.10 ml and 0.15 ml) of TSV inoculum using a pair of specific primers for TSV 9992F (5'-AAG CTT GCG TAG ACA GCC-3') and 9195R (5'-TCA AGA ATG GCT TCC TGG-3'). The research results showed that vaname shrimp mortality infected by 0.05 ml; 0.10 ml and 0.15 ml TSV inoculums were 14.28%, 42.86%, and 57.14%, respectively. Whereas the giant prawns mortality that were infected using the same dose of TSV inoculums were 0%, 8.33%, and 8.33%, respectively. Positive result was detected molecularly only from haemolymph of vaname shrimp infected using 0.15 ml of TSV inoculum. On the other hand, positive results were detected in pleopod and the gill of vaname shrimp infected using 0.05 ml; 0.10 ml or 0.15 ml of TSV inoculums. In giant prawns, infection using 3 different doses of TSV inoculums causes negative result molecularly. Based on all of the facts, it can be concluded that, giant prawns has the higher resistance to TSV infection than that of vaname shrimp
Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
Get PDFAbstract Campylobacter jejuni is a curved-rod shaped bacteria, non-spore, microaerophilic Gram-negative and motile. It is commonly found in the feces of animals. They grow at a temperature of 37-42° C and are zoonotic causing a disease called campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni naturally presents in the chicken digestive tract and does not cause any diseases. However, chicken carcasses contaminated with this bacteria are closely related to the the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans. Cases of human campylobacteriosis primarily caused by Campylobacter jejuni contamination on chicken carcasses. During the cutting process, Campylobacter jejuni will be able to spread to the chicken carcasses. Alternative approach for detecting Campylobacter jejuni contamination of chicken products is by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Therefore, to determine diagnosis of animal diseases in relation to the veterinary public health due to Campylobacter jejuni is by applying PCR with forward primer: 5'-TGACGCTAGTGTTGTAGGAG-3 and reverse primer: 5'-CCATCATCGCTAAGTGCAAC-3'. The PCR primers can amplify DNA Campylobacter jejuni as long as 402 bp. The PCR method is a molecular laboratory approach which is sensitive, specific, rapid and accurate for determining diagnosis of campylobacteriosis
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION BACTERIA OF CLINICAL MASTITIS ON ETTAWAH CROSSBRED GOAT
No full textABSTACT Ettawah crossbred goat (PE) IS much more usefull to milk goat produce. One of constraints in milk goat is clinical mastitis. Clinical mastitis is economic inflict a financial lost because stopped of milk production, high cost of treatment, and even cause death. The aim of the present study was to determine the kind bacteria that can cause clinical mastitis in PE. A total of 13 clinical mastitis milk and water used to wash the six udder samples were collected from dairy PE farms. All samples were subjected for isolation and identification of bacteria based on biochemical reactions. From the clinical mastitis milk samples, bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (55.55%), Pseudomonas sp (27.77%), Streptococcus sp (8.3%) and Bacillus sp (8.33%). Whereas, Pseudomonas sp (77.77%) and Bacillus sp (22.23%) were isolated from the water used to wash the udder. The study showed that more clinical mastitis in PE caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Water use to wash the udder was source of Pseudomonas sp causing clinical mastitis in PE.
Comparation Protection Level of Newcastle Disease in Broiler
No full textNewcastle Disease (ND) is both respiratory and digestive diseases in poultry caused by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1). Field data showedthat there were still many cases of Newcastle Disease faced by farmers despite of vaccination programs had been doneroutinely. The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of some routine ND vaccination program in broiler chiken challengedeither with viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle Disease (VVND) virus or virulent ND virus from field isolates. One hundred broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups of 25 each. In theGroup I,vaccination was carried out at day 1 with combination of ND-IB live vaccineand ND killed vaccine, and booster at day 18 with live ND vaccine, in the Group II, chickens were vaccinated with live ND-IB vaccine at day 1 and day 18 and in the Group III, chickens were vaccinated with live ND-IB vaccine at day 1 and vaccinated with ND live vaccine at day 18. Challenge test performed in twenty broiler chickens of each group with virulent ND that has chicken lethal dose fifty (CLD50) 4,8. Virus preparation 26 and then diluted to 10-4, to obtain dilution 10000. Twenty chicken from each group were then given 0.5 cc dilution of 6 HA virulent virus at 28 days of old. Six challenged chicken from group I showed ND clinical symptom and were eventually death. This mean that the vaccine program provided 70% protection. Whereas all challenged chicken from the Groups II and III were sick, then died meaning that these vaccination programs did not give any protection at all. Bsed on the present study, it is concluded that the administration of ND live vaccine priming along with ND killed vaccine is needed to improve the protection against velogenic NDV.
Molecular Identification of Avian Influenza A Virus in House Flies (Musca domestica Linnaeus) Collected from Different Poultry Farms in Indonesia
Get PDFTo date, the outbreaks of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in Indonesia are still highly lethal to poultry. The AIV in Indonesia has also infected to humans and make the AIV situation is more serious than in other Asian countries. It is believed that the most likely source of AIV H5N1 infection is the chicken. Since the fly is a wellknown cosmopolitan pest of the poultry farm and home as well as a valuable alternative vehicle of diseasecausing microorganisms, the possibility of the presence of AIV H5N1 in the house flies (Musca domestica L) was investigated with the overall aim of determining the possible mechanical and/or biological vector of avian influenza virus. The RT-PCR was performed on abdominal parts of the house flies. The present of influenza A H5N1 was confirmed by RT-PCR with primers specific for NP, H5 and N1 genes. In the present study, all flies molecularly analyzed have gene expression of avian influenza virus of subtype H5N1. The RT-PCR detects AIV H5N1 isolates of the houseflies samples of the different geographic origin (Sidrap, South Sulawesi, Blitar and Malang, East Java and Karanganyar, Central Java). All those provinces had the different history of the AIV H5N1 outbreaks. On the other hand, results of the RT-PCR assay on the flies collected from Tuban, East Java in the area where never had any AIV outbreaks considered to be negative AIV H5N1 gene expression. Our findings suggest that, in Indonesia, houseflies may be important in the transmission of AIV H5N1. Further studies, however, still need to be done to decide whether houseflies is a mechanical and/or biological vector of avian influenza virus H5N1
Examination of Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus in The Water Sample of The Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) with Immunocytochemistry of Streptavidin Biotin
No full textAbstract One of potencies of marine waters that is developed, and starts to have the international market is grouper fish. Tiger grouper culture can not be separated from disease factors that may attack and destroy the cultivation. One of the important diseases that can cause mass mortality in fish, especially in grouper larvae and juveniles stadium is viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Examination by using immunocytochemical method of streptavidin biotin (SB) undertaken to develop early detection of VNN in order to be applied in preventing spread of the VNN disease in seeds of tiger groupers that are already distributed worldwide in Indonesia. And also, this SB methodology can also be applied to the tiger groupers without any injuring or even killing of the fish for the purpose of sampling. In the present study, the preliminary test was done to determine the infectivity level of the inoculum (VNN virus) owned by the Office of Fish Quarantine, Quality Control, and Fishery Safety Class I Denpasar, Bali. Whereas, the main test was done by collecting water sample from tiger grouper fish farming that was infected with VNN. The water sample was examined by using immunocytochemical method of SB after being confirmed by RT-PCR-positive test that was previously purified. Based on both SB and PCR tests having VNN positive results, it is concluded that the immunocytochemical method of SB could be applied as early, rapid and accurate detection of VNN in only a 24 hours post infection by using water as the sample. Keywords: VNN, water sample, streptavidin biotin, RT-PCR, tiger grouper
Potency of Medicinal Plants for Eradication of Avian Influenza : In Vitro Test on Vero Cells
Get PDFSome of medicinal plants indicate their potency as anti-viral such as Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees), Temu Ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa L.), Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) and Adas (Foeniculum vulgare). Avian Influenza (AI) H5N1 strain viruses used in this study was isolated from field in Cikole area, West Java in July 20th 2007. To explore the potency of medicinal plants as anti-viral substance, the consecutive assays were performed by virus infection inhibition test in in vitro study using Vero cells. After the Vero cells were growing confluently, they were treated with sterilized-extract of medicinal plants either in single or combination. Furthermore, the culture cells were infected with AI H5N1 strain virus, then incubated at 37oC and examined for cytopathic effect (CPE) microscopically. The result showed that extract of Sambiloto and combination of Sambiloto and Temu Ireng were stronger than others in inhibition of virus attachment and infection to the cells. The Vero cells still alive up to 3rd day post infection with AI H5N1 virus after treatment with Sambiloto and Temu Ireng. In conclusion, extract of Sambiloto and Temu Ireng showed their potency as candidate for anti-viral substances that may needed for eradicating AI infection
The Analysis of Amount and Various Age of Productive Female Bali Cattle that Slaughtered at Abbatoirs
Get PDFAbstract Base on the ability for surviving at the limited vegetations, bali cattle is famous as a pioneer cattle. Although the fertility of Bali cattle has known so high (up to 80%), but the slaughter of productive female of bali cattle from year to year is so high too, so that the existance of Bali cattle in the future is threatened extinct. The accurate data indicating the amount of Bali cattle slaughtered at the abbatoirs are not available yet, exactly from the Pesanggaran and Mambal abbatoirs as the bigger abbatoirs in Bali. The study used 246 heads of Bali cattle originated from Pesanggaran, and 232 heads of Bali cattle originated from Mambal abbatoirs, respectively. The study indicated as many as 81,7%, and 87,5% of Bali cattle slaughtered at those abbatoirs were female. According to their ages, most of them were productive too, i.e. 99% at Pesanggaran, and 67,49% at Mambal abbatoirs, respectively. These result indicated it is needed a special attention from the Bali government exactly from the Animals Husbandry Officer in order to prevent the loss of Bali cattle populations in the future.
The Pathological Study of Suspected Swollen Head Syndrome in Broiler Chickens
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine the pathological lesions of the broiler chickens having the clinical signs that appeared to be the swollen head syndrome (SHS), such as simetrically and bilaterally swollen periorbital areas. Eighteen broiler chickens were collected from three poultry farms of the three diffrerent areas, e.g. Kulonprogo, Sleman and Bantul at Special Province of Yogyakarta, respectively. Six of those broiler chickens were selected from each poultry farm consisted of three SHS- broiler chickens and three non SHS-broiler chickens. All of broiler chickens were necropsied, observed anatomic patologic lesions, and then the organs of interest were processed and stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic examination. Subcutaneus edema and cellulitis were found in the frontal and occipital skin. Based on the histopathological examination, purulent and granulomatous cellulitis and lymphocytic perivasculitis, and subcutaneus edema were found in the frontal and occipital skin. Other lesions, such as: necrotic, lymphocytic sinusitis, tracheitis and pneumonia accompanied by atrophy of mucosal glands were also present. It is concluded that the pathological lesions of SHS in the broiler chickens were found not only in the frontal and occipatal skin, but also in both lower and upper respiratory tracts.
Bactericidal test of endotoxin crystal extract of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (H-14) on the larvae of aedes aegypti, Anopheles aconitus and Culex quinquefasciatus
Get PDFBacillus thuringiensis israelensis (H-14) has been known as toxin-forming biolarvacide (ä-endotoxin) which effectively kills the larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles aconitus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The crystal of ä-endotoxin is target specific and has high toxicity to the organism of target. The objective of the study was to obtain the crystal of ä-endotoxin by extracting it from Bt (H-14) which is able to kill the larvae of Ae. aegypti, An. aconitus and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Microbiology Research Center for Disease Vector and Reservoir Salatiga for nine months in 2010. The lethal concentration (LC) value of ä-endotoxin against the larvae of Ae. aegypti, An. aconitus and Cx. quinquefasciatus respectively were 0.06 (LC50 ); 0.17 ppm (LC90 ); 0.21(LC50 ); 0.49 ppm (LC90 ); 3.58 (LC50 ) and 9.19 ppm (LC90 ).