Jurnal Sain Veteriner
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Cytotoxic Tobacco Smoke in The Cornea of Wistar Rats Fed Turmeric (Curcuma Domestica Val.) Extract
Get PDFAbstract An increasing number of smokers who tend to rise rapidly from year to year has become a major focus of public health issues. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, containing toxic chemicals can trigger acute or chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the eyes. To overcome this condition, phytotherapeutic and/or phytopreventive approaches which are efficatious, safe and cheap is needed. One of spices from Indonesia which is greatly possible to be promoted as a herbal medicine, is a phytochemical curcumin in turmeric. This present study was conducted to identify and determine the effects of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) as phytotherapeutic and/or phytopreventive in the eyes lesion of Wistar rats induced by cigarette smokes. Twenty male Wistar rats at 3 months old were divided randomly into four groups of five each. Those were the control group (KI), the group given 9 cigarettes smoke/day (K II), the group given turmeric extract 1 ml 0, 25% /day (K III) and the group given 9 cigarettes smoke/day and 0, 25% turmeric extract 1 ml /day (K IV) for 60 days. Water and feed was given ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, all rats were euthanized with ether, necropsied andeyes balls were collected, fixed formalin 10% and stained with routine hematoxylin-eosin. The results of the present study indicated that 9 cigarettes smoke/day increased mitotic activity and caused hyperplasia in the corneal epithelial cells (K II), and addition of turmeric extract 0, 25% 1 ml per oral for 60 days prevented both mitotic activity and hyperplasia in the corneal epithelial cells (K IV). Extract of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) has been proved to have herbal therapeutic and/or preventive effects againts the pathotoxicological cigarette smokes. Further study needs to be done to more evaluate pathogenesis of the eyes lesions and phytotherapeutic and/or phytopreventive effects of turmeric extract as well.
Isolasi and Identification of Bacteria from the Urine Fluid Organic Fertilizer (POC)Ettawa Crossbred (PE) in The Sleman Regency
No full textUrine is a by product from Ettawa crossbred (PE) goat farm in Sleman regency. In addition, the manure urine goats can be used for fluid organic fertilizer (POC). Recently, organic farming is more interesting for people because it does not use any chemical fertilizers. Salmonella sp and E. coli O157:H7 are pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate agricultural products and dangerous for public health. One of sources of contamination in agricultural products is due to the organic fertilizer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine pathogenic bacteria from POC urine PE goats in Sleman regency. A total of 8 POC samples were collected from PE goat urine in Sleman regency. These samples were analyzed for Salmonella sp, E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogenic bacteria by using biochemical reactions. All samples are negative for Salmonella sp. and E. coli O157:H7 as well. Whereas, 85% of 8 samples are positive for Pseudomonas sp. The present study showed that POC from PE goats farm in Sleman regency are negative for pathogenic bacteria.
The Detection of Encoding Gene of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 S. aureus Isolate from the Milk of Cows and Goats by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Get PDFAbstract Staphylococcus aureus is the main bacterium found in cow's and goat's milk. The bacteria can produce toxin called toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) that can infect humans and animals causing several serious diseases. The objective of this study was to detect the existence of encoding gene of TSST-1 S. aureus isolate from cow's and goat's milk. The research is initiated by re-identification stage of S. aureus conventionally continued by identification based on the molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A number of 10 S. aureus isolates from cow's and goat's milk cultured in aerobics continued by Gram stain, catalase, coagulase, MSA, VJA and VP tests. The identification of S. aureus based on the molecular approach conducted by 16S rRNA gene amplification continued with amplification of TSST-1 encoding gene as the target gene. The PCR product of TSST-1 encoding gene then sequenced to ensure whether the DNA fragment amplified is the TSST-1 encoding gene or not. The result of the research indicates that re-identification of S. aureus conventionally generating positive reaction of S. aureus species. Molecular identification of 16S rRNA gene amplification gives a good result by producing DNA fragment of 745 bp size and meets the target gene. The detection result of encoding gene TSST-1 gives negative result marked by DNA fragment which the size does not match the target gene. The allignment result of sequence isolate SA.1 indicates that the sequence is not tst gene but the gene which coded glutamate sinthetase belongs to S. aureus, whereas sequence of isolate KI.8 is 50S rRNA gene belongs toS. saprophyticus
The Effects of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val) on Cigarette Smoke Cardiotoxicity in The Wistar Rats
No full textAbstract The objective of this research is to determine the effects of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) extract administration toward heart histopathologic lesions of male albino Wistar rats + 3 months old exposed by cigarette smoke. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of five each: Group I was given neither cigarette smoke exposure nor turmeric extract administration (control) (KI), Group II was given cigarette smoke exposure of 9 cigarettes/ day (KII), Group III was given 1 ml turmeric extract 0.25% (KIII) and Group IV was given cigarette smoke exposure of 9 cigarettes/ day and 1 ml turmeric extract 0.25% (KIV). After 2 months of treatment, necropsy was conducted to all rats and the heart samples were collected to be processed histopatologically and stained routinely with hematoxylin-eosin. The results of the present study indicated that the cigarette smoke caused cardiomyopathy in KII marked by the histopathologic lesions such as vacuolation, homogeneous eosinophilic cytoplasms, edema and necrosis of myocardia, also congestion and mild hemorrhages (KII). Whereas, rats in Groups KI, KIII and KIV had normal histologic structures of myocardia. It is concluded, that turmeric extract could be a preventive herbs toward cardiotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. Further research has to be conducted to determine the anti cardiomyopathy mechanism of turmeric rhizome due to cigarette smoke exposure
Total Plate Count of Milk from Dairy Cooperatives in Yogyakarta and East Java
Get PDFMost of the local populations in Indonesia, especially in Sleman, Yogyakarta and Tulungagung, East Java consume cow milk. Cow milk is more widely consumed than that of horse or goat because of the people habit and the raw milk is more easily found in the market. The majority of people consume milk without knowing the number of bacteria contained and neither the presence nor absence of harmful bacteria in the milk consumed. This study aimed to identify the total number of bacteria in several dairy cooperatives in Sleman, Yogyakarta and Tulungagung, East Java. Milk samples were taken from two tanks in Koperasi Sarono Makmur (KSM), three tanks (were taken four times, once a week) in Koperasi Warga Mulya (KWM) Sleman, Yogyakarta, and two tanks (twice in the morning and once in the evening) in Koperasi Unit Tani Ternak (KUTT) Tulungagung, East Java. Milk from each tank were taken 500 mL and put into the cooler that was given ice cubes. Then the samples to be tested for total bacteria from each tank with plate count agar medium. The number of samples was 19. Milk samples were statistically analyzed with one way ANOVA. The results showed that the total number of bacteria of milk of KSM is 1.0 x 106 CFU/mL, KWM 3.6 x 106 CFU/mL, whereas cow's milk KUTT 4.0 x 106 CFU/mL. The average total number of bacteria of KWM and KUTT exceeds the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-3141-1998 (1,0 x 106 CFU/mL)
Immunocytochemical Study on Blood and Organ Suspension of Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) Infected with Field Isolate of Viral Nervous Necrosis
Get PDFOne potential marine cultures that have been developed and started to show the international market is grouper. Grouper culture can not be separated from factors that can affect disease and thwart cultivation. One of the diseases that has been reported by researchers is viral nervous necrosis (VNN) causing mass mortality in fish, especially grouper larvae and juvenile stadia. Laboratory of Balai KIPM kelas l Denpasar develop rapid diagnostic techniques, precise and accurate test using immunocytochemistry of blood and organs as one of the initial inspection. Tiger grouper sized 150-300 g as much as 50 and acclimatized, then 10 fishes used as controls, 40 fishes were injected with inoculum VNN 101.5 reared without water replacement cycle for ten days. Clinical observation and organ sampling performed 12 hours post-infection and consecutive every 12 hours. Blood samples and organs were collected for immunocytochemical (streptavidin-biotin) and a confirmatory test using RT - PCR using kit IQ -2000 VNN. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR showed positive results against VNN blood smears and suspensions organs of grouper fish with 24 hours post-infection . Based on the test results, the immunocytochemistry test on the blood and organ suspensions can be used as a detection technique VNN which is rapid, precise and accurate.
Inhibitory Effect of Extract Granule of Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) on the Pathogenic Bacteria In Vitro
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine the inhibition ability of the earthworm (L. rubellus) extract (ECT), dried earthworm extract (ECT-k), and granule earthworm extract (ECT-g) as poultry feed additive against some pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity was performed using diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Salmonella pullorum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In the present study, the concentrations of ECT, ECT-k, and ECT-g in nutrient broth (NB) media tested were consisted of treatments A: 0%, B: 0.26%, C: 0.52%, D: 0.78% and E: 1.04% (g/vol) respectively. The results of the in vitro study showed that started from ECT level 0.26% inhibited (P 0.05) of ECT and ECT-t against S. pullorum. Diameter of inhibition zone for 24 hours showed that S. aureus was the most sensitive bacterium to ECT and ECT-k, and S. pullorum was the most sensitive bacterium to ECT-g.
The Effectiviness of Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.) Leave Extract for the Treatment of Aeromonas salmonicida Infection in Catfish (Pangasioniodon hypophthalmus)
Get PDFAbstract Catfish is one of the fish species with certain advantages that attract the farmers interest to culture. The species becomes popular following the successful spawning in the pond. Additionally, catfishes have high economic value due to their rapid growth and response to good artificial feed. Their farming activities are inseparable from concerns about their potential diseases. Diseases in farmed fish can be caused by fungi, parasites, bacteria and viruses. One type of bacterium to take serious control is Aeromonas salmonicida. This pathogenic bacteria may cause furuncle and death of farmed fish. The use of ketapang leaves is effective in inhibiting or killing the pathogenic A. salmonicida in catfish. In the present study, each test used a sample of 10 catfishes of approximately 10 cm in size. Parameters of the test consist of survival rates and pathologic lesions. The feed treatment consisted of ketapang leaf extract in concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg / ml, and a positive control and a negative control. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates, and were analyzed statistically. The results indicated that the LD50 (Lethal Dose), MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) are 107 cfu/ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The most effective concentration of ketapang leaf for the treatment of A. salmonicida infection in the catfish is 200 mg/ml. This is indicated by the highest level of catfish survival and the lowest rate of the pathologic lesions.
Responses of Bones, Kidneys and Parathyroid Glands in Wistar Rats Fed Containing Variation of Phosphor Levels
Get PDFAbstract The objective of the research was to study the responses of bones, kidneys and parathyroid glands of calcium homeostasis in the Wistar rats fed containing variation of phosphor levels. Twenty female Wistar rats at 40 days of age were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of five each. The group A was fed diet containing Ca:P ratio = 1.5:1 (diet I/control). The ratio of calcium and phosphorus was 1.5:3 (diet II), 1.5:6 (diet III) and 1.5:9 (diet IV) and were given to the rats in groups B, C, and D, respectively. Each of the rats was placed into individual cages. All of rats were fed diet for 12 weeks and water was provided ad libitum. At the end of the study, blood was collected from the heart for calcium and phosphor analysis, while parathyroid glands, kidneys and left femurs were collected and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination. In the present study, the diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:6 caused decrease of blood calcium, whereas the diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:9 caused decrease of blood calcium and increase of blood phosphorus. Histopathological examination of the parathyroid glands of the rats in group A showed normal structure. The parathyroid glands of the rats in groups B, C and D showed vacuoles in principle cells of the parathyroid glands. The increase of the vacuoles in the principle cells of the parathyroid glands was higher than that of rats in groups B, C and D, respectively. Histopathological examination of kidneys of rats in group A showed normal structure, whereas kidneys of rats in groups B and C and D showed metastatic calcification of renale tubules. The kidneys of rats in groups C and D showed metastatic calcification of the inner and outer layers of tubule lumen, atrophy and necrosis in the epithelial cells of renal tubules, fibroblasts proliferation in interstitial cells, and infiltration of mesangial cells. The kidneys of rats in group D showed proliferation in the epithelial cells of the glomeruli as well. Histopathological examination of metaphysis of proximal femurs of rats in group A showed normal structure, whereas metaphysis of proximal femurs of the rats in groups B, C and D had osteoclasts infiltration, and fibroblasts were predominantly seen in the bone cortex. The increase of osteoclasts in the bone cortex in rats in groups B, C and D was higher than that of rats in group A. The fibroblasts proliferation in the bone cortex was higher in rats in groups C and D. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that the diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:3 caused decrease of blood calcium and . The diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:6 caused decrease of blood calcium, hyperplasia of parathyroid glands, , acute nephrosis, and fibrous osteodystrophy. The diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:9 caused decrease of lood calcium and increased of blood phosphorus, hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, chronic glomerulonephritis and fibrous osteodystrophy.
Ovulatory Follicular Dynamics After Estrus Synchronization Using Intravaginal Progesterone Implant in Dairy Cows
Get PDFAbstract The study aimed to follow ovulatory follicular dynamics and plasma progesterone profile after estrus synchronization using progesterone intravaginal implant CIDR and its combination with PGF2a and GnRH. A total of 15 non-pregnant dairy cows, 4-5 years of age, healthy and reproductively sound were divided into 3 treatment groups. Treatment 1, CIDR implant was inserted intravaginally for 9 days (CIDR); treatment 2, given CIDR and 250 mg GnRH intramuscularly at implant removal (CIDR + GnRH); treatment 3, CIDR and 25 mg PGF2a at day 7 of implant insertion (CIDR + PGF2a). Transrectal ultrasonographic examination using real time, B-mode, with 7.5 MHz transducer was performed everyday for 12 days to follow ovulatory follicular dynamics. Blood plasma was taken every day for progesterone determination using EIA technique. Data were tested using analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The result indicated that CIDR implant was a potent agent for estrus synchronization with the onset of estrus was 66.18 + 03.42 hours after its removal. The addition of GnRH resulted the highest ovulatory growth rate following the implant removal (1.67 + 0.17a, 1.93 + 0.13b dan 1.53 + 0.20a mm/day, P < 0.05). Insertion of CIDR hampered dominant follicular development and its removal caused rapid follicular growth and followed by ovulation. Its insertion resulted steady increase in plasma progesterone levels and its removal resulted in sudden decrease in the hormonal levels, induced ovulatory follicular development, followed by estrus and ovulation. The CIDR implant also inhibited luteal growth, caused no effect of PGF2a administration on decrease of plasma progesterone levels. Addition of GnRH at the time of CIDR removal enhanced the highest rate of ovulatory follicular growth.