Jurnal Sain Veteriner
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The In Vitro Study: Anti Aeromonas hydrophila of Ethanol Extract of Kamboja Leaves (Plumeria alba)
Get PDFMotile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila could attack seriously freshwater fish in Indonesia. Its mortality rate was reported to be 100% on fish population. According to the Commission of Healthy Fish and National Environment, the MAS has been determined as one of major diseases in Indonesia. However, its therapy using antibiotics is still difficult because the MAS has so many different strains and can be resistant to drugs. If the antibiotics given over the maximal limit this will be able to make the fish (food products) is unsafe for human consumption. One effort to do is by using a traditional herbal medicine. Kamboja leaves is reported to contain flavonoid as antibacterial agent. Therefore, this research is aimed to determine the effectiveness of kamboja leaves extract as antibacterial agent using diffusion and dilution method in vitro. Inhibition zone of diffusion method and bacterial growth are observed by diffusion and dilution approaches, rescpectively. The results of the present study showed that 8% concentration of kamboja leaves extract was good enough to prevent bacterial growth by dilution method, whereas by diffusion method, it needs 100% of the extract concentration. The zones of growth inhibition is 1.307 cm cm which is almost the same as the diameter (1,637 cm.) achieved by using 30 µg tetracycline. The zones of bacterial growth inbihition due to the extract still persists on the day 10. But, for the antibiotic, the the zones of bacterial growth inbihition is already faded starting from the day 4. Therefore, it is concluded that kamboja leaves extact is more potent than that of antibiotic (tetracycline) in inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro
Influence of Palm Sugar Water in the Native Chicken Performance
Get PDFAbstract Palm sugar containing 66,18% sukrose is an additional source of energi quickly available to the chicken. A study to examine the effect of palm sugar in the native chicken performance was held in animal health training center, Cinagara-Bogor lasted from August until November 2012. This present experiment using 1274 native chicken that were kept starting DOC. Palm sugar concentrations given in the drinking water as much as one percent started to be given to the chcken when they were still DOC. After that, the palm sugar water was given continously intermittent interval by administering multivitamin. The control group was not given the palm sugar. Chicken aged 0 to 6 weeks were given palm sugar twice a day. After reaching over 6 weeks old, palm sugar water was only given onece a day. Result obtained showed that the administration of palm sugar water affected the increase in body weight gain, feed consumption and lower mortality as well. The result also showed that the FCR is lower than that of the control group until 6 weeks old
Phylogenetic Analysis of Thymidin Kinase Gene Koi HerpesVirus (KHV) in Some Freshwater Fish Aquaculture Centers in East Java
Get PDFKoi Herpesvirus ( KHV ) is a virus that infects goldfish and koi that resulted in mass death and cause economic and social losses. The use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to detect KHV was done in nila and gurame. Proof that KHV could infect nila and gurame KHV following genetic variation in each definitive host and spreading area have not been done. Based on these problems, this research was conducted to study the genetic variability and genetic relationships between KHV isolates in some freshwater fish as the definitive host koi, komet , koki, nila and gurame that exist in the area of East Java. The results showed that clinically the gills were pale and hemorrage the end of the tail fin. Electrophoresis results showed that all samples from KHV infected koi, koki, komet, nila and gurame were all positive but the sequencing results for tilapia and carp could not be further identified using the BLAST program. Genetically, koi fish, koki and komet isolates were identical to GenBank isolates code KHV-GZ11 and Indo_0K02SS
Reproductive Organ of Male Sulawesi Giant Rat (Paruromys dominator)
Get PDFAbstract Indonesia has a biodiversity in fauna and one of them is the rat. The methodology to identify animal character is mostly based on morphological structure, the example of body lenght and hair color. However, reproductive organs of every species are diferent in location, shape, color and weight. Paruromys dominator is one of rats species in Sulawesi. Although, many informations about the rat's morphology is already provided , but no data about reproductive organ reported yet. Knowing, identifying and understanding the reproductive organs in that species must be done by sampling reproductive organs and measure all of them,. All of the reproductive organs were then collected for anatomical sample and processed for histological staining and were analyzed with light microscope and SEM. Based on the present study, Paruromys dominator has reproductive organs which are like other murids, namely seminal vesicle, testis, prostat glands, Cowper's glans and glans penis. There is no diference about histological stucture of rat's testis with other rats species, but based on the result of SEM, the penis has many penile spines. The sperm head is hook shape, it is like Rattus norvegicus. The average of head length and tail lenght of sperm are 1,28±0,101 μm and 12,95±1,139 μm, respectively.
Protection Capacity of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Peel Extract Against Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Mosquitoes
Get PDFAbstract The use of chemicals as mosquitos repellent may cause health problems. Extract of caffir lime (Citrus hystrix) as mosquitoes can be used as another option.The present study was aimed to analyze the protection capacity of C. hystrix against Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The experimental study using completely randomized design was done. The obtained data were calculated using the protection capacity formula and analyzed using t-test. The result indicated that protection capacity of Citrus hystrix extract for 6 hours on average gave 34.82% of protection against Ae. aegypti and 41,44% of Ae. albopictus.The caffir lime extract has been able to reject the mosquitoes, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Although the thrust of the caffir lime is not as good as chemical products, butit can be used as alternative mosquitoes repellent.
The Effect of Decis Insecticide on the Mortality and Gill Histological Structure of the Red Indigo "Cangkringan local strain"
Get PDFAbstract This study was aimed to determine the effects of Decis insecticide on the mortality, its safe level concentration against mortality, and the cytotoxic effects in the gills of the red tilapia strains of "localCangkringan" collected from Fish Seed Center, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Eight hundreds fishweighing 0.5-1.0 g and 2-12 weeks old each were collected randomly and divided into 5 groups with Decis insecticide concentration of 0.27 ppm, 0.81 ppm, 1.00 ppm, 1.35 ppm, 2.4 ppm, respectively and a control group based on preliminary testing. Each treatment comprised three replicates, 10 replicates of each test fish. The observations of fish mortality to the test were done every hour - 24, for 96 hours of treatment, whereas mortality at safe levels test done every 4 weeks for 2 months of treatment. Data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine LC50 and LC50-96 hours-48 hours. The assay of 10% safe levels of LC50-48 hours is 0.13 ppm. Twofactorial analysis of variance was to determine the effect of concentration and duration of exposure to the Decis insecticide test fish mortality. Independent samples of T test analysis was applied to determine the effect of safe levels. The descriptive and qualitative analysis was done to determine the pathologic lesions on fish gills due to the cytotoxicity of Decis insecticide. Results of the present study showed that the variation of concentrations of Decis insecticide has significant effect on fish mortality (p <0,01). Decis insecticide concentration used for the LD50(96 hours) was 1.21 ppm that was the highly toxic class to Nila. It caused severe cytotoxic efects to the gills indicated by the presence of gills necrosis, hypertrophy, hyperplasia dan diffuse hemorrhages. The safety levelsof Decis concentration still caused mild histopathological lesions, such as focal to multifocal hemorrhages and congestion in the gill
Cytotoxicity Study of Red Fruit Extract (Pandanus conoideus Lam) as Anti-Goitrogenic Herbal Medicine in Sprague Dawley Rats
Get PDF The use of herbal medicine (phytopharmaca) has increased manifold because of the safety. Red fruit extract is one of the supplements that has many advantages for health. The efficacy of pre-clinical trial using the rats induced by iodine deficient ration has proven that 1-2 ml of red fruit extract supplementation with/without KIO3 fortification for 30, 60 and 90 days has potency as anti-goitrogenic herbal medicine. For standarization, however, the extract red fruit has to be tested for the safety in the important organs like livers and kidneys. The research results have proven that in the normal Sprague Dawley rats, supplementation of 2 ml/day/rat of red fruit extract for 135 consecutive days has.no toxic effect in the livers and kidneys. In hyperplastic goiter Sprague Dawley rats induced by goitrogenic ration, the red fruit extract supplementation has to be in a combination with KIO3 to overcome iodine deficiency disorders and has no-toxic effect to the livers. Therefore, it can be concluded that based on pre-clinical studies using Sprague Dawley rats, the red fruit extract can be categorized as standardized anti-goitrogenic herbal medicine
A Life Table of Spodoptera litura Fabr. with Different Artificial Diets
Get PDFAbstract Sustainable insect supply is a routine activity in research of pest control, experimental insecticide bioassay, entomophatogen, parasitoid, and nature of competitor. Armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabr.) is one of the alternative test insect. A mass rearing method is required to provide high demands of S. litura. A life table of insect is regularly used to study several biological parameters including the net reproduction rate of population (Ro), the mean length of life period in one generation (T), reproduction potential value of one generation from a population (rm), and the potential of a population to multiply in one generation (ë). The aim of this study were to asses the development time and reproduction potential of S. litura which different of artificial diets. Results showed that S. litura on artificial diet in recipe of Singh and Moore is T = 29,90, R = 2692,33, r = 0,26, ë = 1,29, o m whereas artificial diet in recipe of Waldbauer et al. is 32,29, R = 891,99, r = 0,21, ë = 1,23. o
The Effect of Thawing Temperature on Sperm Quality of Friesian Holstein Bulls
Get PDFThe percentage of sperm motility and morphology are important criteria in evaluating the quality of sperm before it is used for artificial insemination (AI). This study was conducted to observe post thawing motility and abnormal morphology of spermatozoa Friesian Holstein (FH). The materials were used 10 straws of FH bulls in the form of 0.25 ml. A total of 10 straws then divided into two treatment groups of thawing in water at 37°C and water 8°C, respectively. An examination of the motility and morphology of spermatozoa abnormalities performed every two hours for two times. Calculating the percentage of sperm motility was done by calculating the percentage of spermatozoa moving forward in the field of view under a microscope with a magnification of 10x. the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was assessed by William's stain. Spermatozoa morphology was observed by using a microscope magnification of 100x. Abnormalities of spermatozoa were calculated from a total of 200 spermatozoa, either normal or abnormal. At the same thawing time, the motility of FH cattle sperms post thawing in water temperature 37°C had a higher preference than that of post thawing in water temperature 8°C, although it was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Based on morphological aspects, frozen semen used in this study is within the tolerance limit for the total percentage of abnormal sperm morphology between 12% to 23% and normal morphology between 70% to 88%.
Developmental Anatomy of Cerebellum of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at the First Trimester of Gestation
Get PDFLong tailed macaque was one of animal models in biomedical research because it has many similarities with humans, both anatomical and physiological properties. There were many research about cerebellum associated with its role in the coordination of muscle activity. Understanding of normal development of cerebellum long tailed macaque may help to understand about the development in human cerebellum and its abnormalities. Embryonic and fetal brain samples were obtained through caesarean section and were then made for histological preparation stained with cresyl violet. Staining results were observed using a microscope with a digital camera. Images obtained are processed by graphics software Adobe Photoshop CS 8.0. Cerebellum Macaca fascicularis Ed40 showed the isthmus and rhombic lip that were composed of ventricular layer, mantle layer, and marginal layer. Cerebellum Macaca fascicularis Fd55 showed future lobes and future fissures, but the cortex and medulla are not bounded clear. The cortex consisted of the external granular layer, neuroblast basket, and neuroblast stellate, while the medulla consisted of neuroblast deep cerebellar nuclei. From this research, we concluded that neurons were on stage of proliferation and migration in the embryo aged 40 days, then differentiated and migrated to form cortex cerebellum and deep cerebellar nuclei at the age of 55 days, but the development of the cerebellum was not fully completed yet.